公开(公告)号：US20150309735A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-29

申请号：US14265036

申请日：2014-04-29

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Yury Baskakov ,  Kapil Arya ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G06F9/455

CPC classification number: G06F3/0611 ,  G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0664 ,  G06F3/0685 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F12/1081 ,  G06F12/109 ,  G06F2212/657

Abstract: A computer implemented method for reducing the latency of an anticipated read of disk blocks from a swap file in a virtualized environment. First, the method identifies a sequence of disk blocks that was written in a guest swap file. The method then detects a first reference within the sequence of blocks that references a first disk block stored in a host swap file and a second reference within the sequence of blocks that references a second disk block stored in the host swap file. The method then moves the second disk block to a location in a host swap file that is adjacent to the first disk block. In some examples, the first block and second block are both moved to a new location in the host swap file where they are adjacent to one another.

Abstract translation: 一种计算机实现的方法，用于减少虚拟化环境中的交换文件中磁盘块预期读取的延迟。 首先，该方法识别在客户交换文件中写入的一系列磁盘块。 该方法然后检测引用存储在主机交换文件中的第一磁盘块的序列中的第一引用，以及引用存储在主机交换文件中的第二磁盘块的序列中的第二引用。 然后，该方法将第二磁盘块移动到与第一磁盘块相邻的主机交换文件中的位置。 在一些示例中，第一块和第二块都被移动到主机交换文件中彼此相邻的新位置。

公开(公告)号：US10691341B2

公开(公告)日：2020-06-23

申请号：US15388591

申请日：2016-12-22

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Yury Baskakov ,  Alexander Garthwaite ,  Jesse Pool

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G06F12/10

Abstract: One or more embodiments provide techniques for accessing a memory page of a virtual machine for which loading might have been deferred, according to an embodiment of the invention, includes the steps of examining metadata of the memory page and determining that a flag in the metadata for indicating that the contents of the memory page needs to be updated is set, and updating the contents of the memory page.

公开(公告)号：US09292452B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-22

申请号：US13935382

申请日：2013-07-03

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Yury Baskakov ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Rajesh Venkatasubramanian ,  Irene Zhang ,  Seongbeom Kim ,  Nikhil Bhatia ,  Kiran Tati

IPC: G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/10 ,  G06F12/02

CPC classification number: G06F12/121 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F12/023 ,  G06F12/1009 ,  G06F12/1027 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2212/1016 ,  G06F2212/1044

Abstract: Memory performance in a computer system that implements large page mapping is improved even when memory is scarce by identifying page sharing opportunities within the large pages at the granularity of small pages and breaking up the large pages so that small pages within the large page can be freed up through page sharing. In addition, the number of small page sharing opportunities within the large pages can be used to estimate the total amount of memory that could be reclaimed through page sharing.

Abstract translation: 通过在小页面的大小页面上识别大页面中的页面共享机会，并分解大页面，使大页面中的小页面可以被释放，即使在内存不足的情况下，也可以提高实现大页面映射的计算机系统中的内存性能 通过页面共享。 此外，大页面中的小页面共享机会数量可用于估计可通过页面共享回收的总内存量。

公开(公告)号：US20150161056A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-11

申请号：US14101796

申请日：2013-12-10

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Xavier DEGUILLARD ,  Ishan Banerjee ,  Qasim Ali ,  Yury Baskakov ,  Kiran Tati ,  Rajesh Venkatasubramanian

IPC: G06F12/10 ,  G06F9/455

CPC classification number: G06F9/455 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F9/5016 ,  G06F9/5077 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2212/152

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for improving operation of a memory scheduler operating on a host machine supporting virtual machines (VMs) in which guest operating systems and guest applications run. For each virtual machine, the host machine hypervisor categorizes memory pages into memory usage classes and estimates the total number of pages for each memory usage class. The memory scheduler uses this information to perform memory reclamation and allocation operations for each virtual machine. The memory scheduler further selects between ballooning reclamation and swapping reclamation operations based in part on the numbers of pages in each memory usage class for the virtual machine. Calls to the guest operating system provide the memory usage class information. Memory reclamation not only can improve the performance of existing VMs, but can also permit the addition of a VM on the host machine without substantially impacting the performance of the existing and new VMs.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种系统和方法，用于改进在支持客机操作系统和来宾应用运行的虚拟机（VM）的主机上运行的存储器调度器的操作。 对于每个虚拟机，主机管理程序将内存页分为内存使用类，并估计每个内存使用类的总页数。 内存调度器使用该信息为每个虚拟机执行内存回收和分配操作。 存储器调度器还部分地基于虚拟机的每个存储器使用类别中的页数来选择气球回收和交换回收操作之间。 对客户机操作系统的调用提供了内存使用类信息。 内存回收不仅可以提高现有虚拟机的性能，还可以允许在主机上添加虚拟机，而不会对现有和新的虚拟机造成实质性的影响。

公开(公告)号：US09053064B2

公开(公告)日：2015-06-09

申请号：US13710185

申请日：2012-12-10

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Yury Baskakov ,  Irene Zhang ,  Kevin Scott Christopher ,  Jesse Pool

IPC: G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/16

CPC classification number: G06F12/16 ,  G06F11/00

Abstract: A process for lazy checkpointing a virtual machine is enhanced to reduce the number of read/write accesses to the checkpoint file and thereby speed up the checkpointing process. The process for saving a state of a virtual machine running in a physical machine to a checkpoint file maintained in persistent storage includes the steps of copying contents of a block of memory pages, which may be compressed, into a staging buffer, determining after the copying if the buffer is full, and upon determining that the buffer is full, saving the buffer contents in a storage block of the checkpoint file.

Abstract translation: 增强了对虚拟机进行懒惰检查点的过程，以减少对检查点文件的读/写访问次数，从而加快了检查点处理过程。 将在物理机器中运行的虚拟机的状态保存到持久存储器中维护的检查点文件的过程包括以下步骤：将可压缩的存储器页块的内容复制到暂存缓冲器中，在复制之后确定 如果缓冲区已满，并且在确定缓冲区已满时，将缓冲区内容保存在检查点文件的存储块中。

公开(公告)号：US11762573B2

公开(公告)日：2023-09-19

申请号：US17990564

申请日：2022-11-18

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Arunachalam Ramanathan ,  Yury Baskakov ,  Anurekh Saxena ,  Ying Yu ,  Rajesh Venkatasubramanian ,  Michael Robert Stunes

IPC: G06F12/00 ,  G06F3/06 ,  G06F9/455

CPC classification number: G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0604 ,  G06F3/0676 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F2009/4557

Abstract: A method of preserving the contiguity of large pages of a workload during migration of the workload from a source host to a destination host includes the steps of: detecting at the destination host, receipt of a small page of zeros from the source host, wherein, at the source host, the small page is part of one of the large pages of the workload; and upon detecting the receipt of the small page of zeros, storing, at the destination host, all zeros in a small page that is part of one of the large pages of the workload.

公开(公告)号：US09547510B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-17

申请号：US14101787

申请日：2013-12-10

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Xavier Deguillard ,  Ishan Banerjee ,  Qasim Ali ,  Yury Baskakov ,  Kiran Tati ,  Rajesh Venkatasubramanian

IPC: G06F9/46 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F9/50

CPC classification number: G06F9/455 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F9/50 ,  G06F9/5016 ,  G06F9/5077 ,  G06F12/08 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2212/152 ,  G06F2212/401

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for improving operation of a memory scheduler operating on a host machine supporting virtual machines (VMs) in which guest operating systems and guest applications run. For each virtual machine, the host machine hypervisor categorizes memory pages into memory usage classes and estimates the total number of pages for each memory usage class. The memory scheduler uses this information to perform memory reclamation and allocation operations for each virtual machine. The memory scheduler further selects between ballooning reclamation and swapping reclamation operations based in part on the numbers of pages in each memory usage class for the virtual machine. Calls to the guest operating system provide the memory usage class information. Memory reclamation not only can improve the performance of existing VMs, but can also permit the addition of a VM on the host machine without substantially impacting the performance of the existing and new VMs.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种系统和方法，用于改进在支持客机操作系统和来宾应用运行的虚拟机（VM）的主机上运行的存储器调度器的操作。 对于每个虚拟机，主机管理程序将内存页分为内存使用类，并估计每个内存使用类的总页数。 内存调度器使用该信息为每个虚拟机执行内存回收和分配操作。 存储器调度器还部分地基于虚拟机的每个存储器使用类别中的页数来选择气球回收和交换回收操作之间。 对客户机操作系统的调用提供了内存使用类信息。 内存回收不仅可以提高现有虚拟机的性能，还可以允许在主机上添加虚拟机，而不会对现有和新的虚拟机造成实质性的影响。

公开(公告)号：US09298377B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-29

申请号：US14265036

申请日：2014-04-29

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Yury Baskakov ,  Kapil Arya ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite

IPC: G06F12/06 ,  G06F3/06 ,  G06F12/10 ,  G06F9/455

CPC classification number: G06F3/0611 ,  G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0664 ,  G06F3/0685 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F12/1081 ,  G06F12/109 ,  G06F2212/657

Abstract: A computer implemented method for reducing the latency of an anticipated read of disk blocks from a swap file in a virtualized environment. First, the method identifies a sequence of disk blocks that was written in a guest swap file. The method then detects a first reference within the sequence of blocks that references a first disk block stored in a host swap file and a second reference within the sequence of blocks that references a second disk block stored in the host swap file. The method then moves the second disk block to a location in a host swap file that is adjacent to the first disk block. In some examples, the first block and second block are both moved to a new location in the host swap file where they are adjacent to one another.

Abstract translation: 一种计算机实现的方法，用于减少虚拟化环境中的交换文件中磁盘块预期读取的延迟。 首先，该方法识别在客户交换文件中写入的一系列磁盘块。 该方法然后检测引用存储在主机交换文件中的第一磁盘块的序列中的第一引用，以及引用存储在主机交换文件中的第二磁盘块的序列中的第二引用。 然后，该方法将第二磁盘块移动到与第一磁盘块相邻的主机交换文件中的位置。 在一些示例中，第一块和第二块都被移动到主机交换文件中彼此相邻的新位置。

公开(公告)号：US09262214B2

公开(公告)日：2016-02-16

申请号：US14078276

申请日：2013-11-12

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Yury Baskakov

IPC: G06F12/00 ,  G06F9/48 ,  G06F9/50

CPC classification number: G06F9/4881 ,  G06F9/5016

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer programs for managing physical memory in a host of a virtual infrastructure are presented. One method includes an operation for detecting that a guest physical page (GPP) of a virtual machine (VM) is a balloon page. The GPP, previously mapped to a machine page (MP), is re-mapped to a shared page of memory in order to free the MP, such that a read to the GPP causes a read to the shared page of memory. Further, the method includes an operation for detecting a write to the shared page of memory after the re-mapping of the GPP to the shared page, where the write to the shared page is caused by a write to the GPP. After detecting the write, all balloon pages created by the VM are reset in order to reset the balloon application in the VM.

公开(公告)号：US09223722B2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-29

申请号：US14196100

申请日：2014-03-04

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Rajesh Venkatasubramanian ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Yury Baskakov ,  Puneet Zaroo

IPC: G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/12 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F11/34

CPC classification number: G06F12/122 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F11/3471 ,  G06F12/123 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/88

Abstract: Miss rate curves are constructed in a resource-efficient manner so that they can be constructed and memory management decisions can be made while the workloads are running. The resource-efficient technique includes the steps of selecting a subset of memory pages for the workload, maintaining a least recently used (LRU) data structure for the selected memory pages, detecting accesses to the selected memory pages and updating the LRU data structure in response to the detected accesses, and generating data for constructing a miss-rate curve for the workload using the LRU data structure. After a memory page is accessed, the memory page may be left untraced for a period of time, after which the memory page is retraced.

Abstract translation: 错误率曲线以资源有效的方式构建，以便可以构建它们，并且可以在工作负载运行时进行内存管理决策。 资源有效的技术包括以下步骤：为工作负载选择存储器页面的子集，维护所选择的存储器页面的最近最少使用的（LRU）数据结构，检测对所选择的存储器页面的访问并响应更新LRU数据结构 并且使用LRU数据结构生成用于构建工作负载的错过率曲线的数据。 在访问存储器页面之后，存储器页面可以保持未被跟踪一段时间，之后再回读存储器页面。