公开(公告)号：US07824536B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-02

申请号：US11449953

申请日：2006-06-09

Applicant: Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendleton ,  Robin Richards

Inventor： Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendleton ,  Robin Richards

IPC: C25B3/00

CPC classification number: B01D61/44 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D69/04 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B01D2323/12 ,  B01D2325/26 ,  C04B35/16 ,  C04B35/447 ,  C04B35/481 ,  C04B2235/3201 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3286 ,  C04B2235/3418 ,  C04B2235/447 ,  C04B2235/79 ,  C25B3/12 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B13/04

Abstract: Disclosed are processes of making solutions of alkali alkoxides in their corresponding alcohols using an electrolytic process. In one embodiment, sodium methoxide in methanol is made from methanol and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, where the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is present in the anolyte compartment and a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol is present in the catholyte compartment, the two compartments are separated by a ceramic membrane that selectively transports sodium ions under the influence of an electric potential, and wherein the composition of the solution of sodium methoxide in methanol in the catholyte compartment of the electrolytic cell comprises between at least about 2% by weight sodium methoxide and at most about 20% by weight sodium methoxide.

Abstract translation: 公开了使用电解方法在其相应的醇中制备碱金属醇溶液的方法。 在一个实施方案中，甲醇中的甲醇钠由甲醇和氢氧化钠水溶液制成，其中氢氧化钠水溶液存在于阳极电解液室中，甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液存在于阴极电解液室中，两个隔室被分离 通过选择性地在电势的影响下输送钠离子的陶瓷膜，并且其中电解池的阴极电解液室中的甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液的组成包含至少约2重量％的甲醇钠和在 最多约20重量％的甲醇钠。

公开(公告)号：US20080142373A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

申请号：US11611054

申请日：2006-12-14

Applicant: Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

Inventor： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC: C25B3/12

CPC classification number: C25B3/04 ,  C25B3/00

Abstract: Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. An alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions is positioned between the anolyte compartment and the buffer compartment. An alkali ion permeable separator is positioned between the buffer compartment and the catholyte compartment. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

Abstract translation: 碱金属醇盐，也称碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解池包括由阳极构成的阳极电解液室，缓冲隔室和配置有阴极的阴极电解液室。 构造成选择性输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质位于阳极电解液室和缓冲室之间。 碱离子可渗透分离器位于缓冲室和阴极电解液室之间。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：US20080058201A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-06

申请号：US11837008

申请日：2007-08-10

Applicant: John Gordon ,  Hachiya Toshinori ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Sai Bhavaraju

Inventor： John Gordon ,  Hachiya Toshinori ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC: B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/02 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/75 ,  B01J23/755

CPC classification number: C25B11/0463 ,  C23C18/1216 ,  C23C18/1254 ,  C23C18/127 ,  C23C18/1275 ,  H01M4/8875 ,  H01M4/9016 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/08 ,  Y10S502/525 ,  Y10S516/901

Abstract: An improved gas diffusion electrode composed of a perovskite-type oxide dispersed in a mixture of carbon black and a hydrophobic binder polymer. An improved catalyst for use in the electrochemical reduction of oxygen comprising a perovskite-type compound having alpha and beta sites, and having a greater molar ratio of cations at the beta site. A particularly good reduction catalyst is a neodymium calcium manganite. An improved method of dispersing the catalysts with carbon in a reaction layer of the electrode improves performance of the electrode and the oxygen reduction process. This is provided by adding carbon black to an aqueous solution of metal salts before it is heated to a gel and then to a char and then calcined. Optionally, a quantity of the desired oxide catalyst can be premixed with a portion the carbon before adding the carbon to an aqueous solution of the metal salts to be heated. The amount of premixed metal oxide is chosen in conjunction with the amount of metal salts to provide the desired molar ratio after heating and calcining of the aqueous solution.

Abstract translation: 改进的气体扩散电极，其由分散在炭黑和疏水性粘合剂聚合物的混合物中的钙钛矿型氧化物组成。 用于电化学还原氧的改进的催化剂包括具有α和β位点的钙钛矿型化合物，并且在β位具有更大的阳离子摩尔比。 特别好的还原催化剂是钕钙锰矿。 将电催化剂用碳分散在电极的反应层中的改进方法提高了电极的性能和氧还原过程。 这是通过在金属盐的水溶液加热至凝胶然后加入炭然后煅烧之前将炭黑加入到水溶液中而提供的。 任选地，一定量的所需氧化物催化剂可以在将碳添加到待加热的金属盐的水溶液中之前与碳的一部分预混合。 联合金属盐的量选择预混合金属氧化物的量，以便在加热和煅烧水溶液之后提供所需的摩尔比。

公开(公告)号：US20140197351A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

申请号：US13742989

申请日：2013-01-16

Applicant: Shekar Balagopal ,  Roeger Marc Flinders ,  Spencer Jackman

Inventor： Shekar Balagopal ,  Roeger Marc Flinders ,  Spencer Jackman

IPC: C04B35/447

CPC classification number: C04B35/447 ,  C04B35/19 ,  C04B35/6261 ,  C04B2235/3203 ,  C04B2235/3217 ,  C04B2235/3232 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/34 ,  C04B2235/3418 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  C04B2235/96 ,  H01M10/052 ,  H01M10/056 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M2300/0071 ,  Y02E60/122

Abstract: Lithium-ion-conducting ceramic materials are disclosed having characteristics of high lithium-ion conductivity at low temperatures, good current efficiency, and stability in water and corrosive media under static and electrochemical conditions. Some general formulas for the lithium-ion-conducting materials include MI1+x+z-δMIIIxMIVayMIVb2-x-yMVzP3-zO12 and MI1+x+4z-δMIIIxMIVayMIVb2-x-y-zP3O12, wherein MI comprises Li, Na, or mixtures thereof; 0.05

Abstract translation: 公开了在静态和电化学条件下具有低的锂离子传导性，电流效率好以及水和腐蚀性介质中的稳定性的锂离子导电陶瓷材料。 锂离子传导材料的一些通式包括MI1 + x + z-δMIIIxMIVayMIVb2-x-yMVzP3-zO12和MI1 + x + 4z-δMIIIxMIVayMIVb2-x-y-zP3O12，其中MI包含Li，Na或其混合物; 0.05

公开(公告)号：US20120292200A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-22

申请号：US13562424

申请日：2012-07-31

Applicant: Shekar Balagopal ,  Kean Duffey

Inventor： Shekar Balagopal ,  Kean Duffey

IPC: C25B1/00 ,  C25B9/08

CPC classification number: C25B1/00 ,  C01F7/02 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/20 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C25B13/04 ,  C25B15/08 ,  Y02P20/132

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for separating aqueous solution of alkali aluminate into alkali hydroxide and aluminate hydroxide are disclosed. These methods are enabled by the use of alkali ion conductive membranes in electrolytic cells that are chemically stable and alkali ion selective. The alkali ion conductive membrane includes a chemically stable ionic-selective cation membrane.

Abstract translation: 公开了将碱金属铝酸盐的水溶液分离成碱性氢氧化物和氢氧化铝酸盐的方法和装置。 这些方法是通过在化学稳定和碱离子选择性的电解池中使用碱离子传导膜来实现的。 碱离子导电膜包括化学稳定的离子选择性阳离子膜。

公开(公告)号：US08246863B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-21

申请号：US12492834

申请日：2009-06-26

Applicant: Shekar Balagopal ,  Marc Flinders

Inventor： Shekar Balagopal ,  Marc Flinders

IPC: H01B1/06 ,  C04B35/14 ,  B01D71/02

CPC classification number: C04B35/16 ,  C01B25/38 ,  C04B35/19 ,  C04B35/462 ,  C04B35/481 ,  C04B2235/3201 ,  C04B2235/3203 ,  C04B2235/3217 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3241 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3272 ,  C04B2235/3286 ,  C04B2235/3291 ,  C04B2235/447 ,  C04B2235/76 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  C04B2235/9692 ,  H01M10/054

Abstract: Metal ion conducting ceramic materials are disclosed having characteristics of high ion conductivity for certain alkali and monovalent metal ions at low temperatures, high selectivity for the metal ions, good current efficiency and stability in water and corrosive media under static and electrochemical conditions. The metal ion conducting ceramic materials are fabricated to be deficient in the metal ion. One general formulation of the metal ion conducting ceramic materials is Me1+x+y−zMIIIyMIV2−ySixP3−xO12−z/2, wherein Me is Na+, Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ag+, or mixtures thereof, 2.0≦x≦2.4, 0.0≦y≦1.0, and 0.05≦z≦0.9, where MIII is Al3+, Ga3+, Cr3+, Sc3+, Fe3+, In3+, Yb3+, Y3+, or mixtures thereof and MIV is Ti4+, Zr4+, Hf4+, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 公开了金属离子传导陶瓷材料，其在低温下对于某些碱金属离子和一价金属离子具有高离子传导性，对于金属离子具有高选择性，在静态和电化学条件下具有良好的电流效率以及水和腐蚀介质中的稳定性。 金属离子导电陶瓷材料被制造为缺乏金属离子。 金属离子传导陶瓷材料的一般公式是Me1 + x + y-zMIIIyMIV2-ySixP3-xO12-z / 2，其中Me是Na +，Li +，K +，Rb +，Cs +，Ag +或其混合物，2.0＆nlE; x＆ 其中M III为Al3 +，Ga3 +，Cr3 +，Sc3 +，Fe3 +，In3 +，Yb3 +，Y3 +或其混合物，MIV为Ti4 +，Zr4 +，Hf4 +，或 其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20120048730A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-01

申请号：US13286890

申请日：2011-11-01

Applicant: Joseph J. Hartvigsen ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  S. Elangovan ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Michele Hollist

Inventor： Joseph J. Hartvigsen ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  S. Elangovan ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Michele Hollist

IPC: C25B9/08 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/10 ,  C25B9/18

CPC classification number: C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/00 ,  C25B1/04 ,  C25B9/206 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02E60/364 ,  Y02E60/366

Abstract: A method is provided for synthesizing synthesis gas from carbon dioxide obtained from atmospheric air or other available carbon dioxide source and water using a sodium-conducting electrochemical cell. Synthesis gas is also produced by the coelectrolysis of carbon dioxide and steam in a solid oxide fuel cell or solid oxide electrolytic cell. The synthesis gas produced may then be further processed and eventually converted into a liquid fuel suitable for transportation or other applications.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于从使用导电电化学电池从大气或其它有用的二氧化碳源和水中获得的二氧化碳合成合成气的方法。 合成气也通过在固体氧化物燃料电池或固体氧化物电解池中的二氧化碳和蒸汽的共电解产生。 然后可以进一步处理产生的合成气并最终转化为适合于运输或其他应用的液体燃料。

公开(公告)号：US08012633B2

公开(公告)日：2011-09-06

申请号：US11871824

申请日：2007-10-12

Applicant: John Howard Gordon ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  John Joseph Watkins

Inventor： John Howard Gordon ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  John Joseph Watkins

IPC: H01M12/06

CPC classification number: H01M12/06 ,  H01M2/1646 ,  H01M2/1673 ,  H01M2/18 ,  H01M4/40 ,  H01M12/02 ,  H01M12/08 ,  H01M2300/0002 ,  H01M2300/0017 ,  H01M2300/0068 ,  H01M2300/0094 ,  Y02E60/128

Abstract: A metal-air battery is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a cathode to reduce oxygen molecules and an alkali-metal-containing anode to oxidize the alkali metal (e.g., Li, Na, and K) contained therein to produce alkali-metal ions. An aqueous catholyte is placed in ionic communication with the cathode to store reaction products generated by reacting the alkali-metal ions with the oxygen containing anions. These reaction products are stored as solutes dissolved in the aqueous catholyte. An ion-selective membrane is interposed between the alkali-metal containing anode and the aqueous catholyte. The ion-selective membrane is designed to be conductive to the alkali-metal ions while being impermeable to the aqueous catholyte.

Abstract translation: 在本发明的一个实施方案中公开了一种金属 - 空气电池，包括用于还原氧分子的阴极和含碱金属的阳极以氧化其中所含的碱金属（例如，Li，Na和K） 金属离子。 将阴极电解液与阴极离子连通地放置以存储通过使碱金属离子与含氧阴离子反应产生的反应产物。 这些反应产物以溶解在水性阴极电解液中的溶质储存。 在含碱金属阳极和含水阴极电解液之间插入离子选择性膜。 离子选择性膜被设计为对碱金属离子导电，而对于阴极电解液是不可渗透的。

公开(公告)号：US20060226022A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-12

申请号：US11449953

申请日：2006-06-09

Applicant: Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendleton ,  Robin Richards

Inventor： Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendleton ,  Robin Richards

IPC: C25B3/12

CPC classification number: B01D61/44 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D69/04 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B01D2323/12 ,  B01D2325/26 ,  C04B35/16 ,  C04B35/447 ,  C04B35/481 ,  C04B2235/3201 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3286 ,  C04B2235/3418 ,  C04B2235/447 ,  C04B2235/79 ,  C25B3/12 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B13/04

Abstract: Disclosed are processes of making solutions of alkali alkoxides in their corresponding alcohols using an electrolytic process. In one embodiment, sodium methoxide in methanol is made from methanol and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, where the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is present in the anolyte compartment and a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol is present in the catholyte compartment, the two compartments are separated by a ceramic membrane that selectively transports sodium ions under the influence of an electric potential, and wherein the composition of the solution of sodium methoxide in methanol in the catholyte compartment of the electrolytic cell comprises between at least about 2% by weight sodium methoxide and at most about 20% by weight sodium methoxide.

Abstract translation: 公开了使用电解方法在其相应的醇中制备碱金属醇溶液的方法。 在一个实施方案中，甲醇中的甲醇钠由甲醇和氢氧化钠水溶液制成，其中氢氧化钠水溶液存在于阳极电解液室中，甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液存在于阴极电解液室中，两个隔室被分离 通过选择性地在电势的影响下输送钠离子的陶瓷膜，并且其中电解池的阴极电解液室中的甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液的组成包含至少约2重量％的甲醇钠和在 最多约20重量％的甲醇钠。

公开(公告)号：US20060141346A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-29

申请号：US11286637

申请日：2005-11-23

Applicant: John Gordon ,  Ashok Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal

Inventor： John Gordon ,  Ashok Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal

IPC: H01M6/36

CPC classification number: H01M6/36 ,  H01M2300/0071

Abstract: A solid electrolyte thermoelectrochemical system which employs a non-porous solid electrolyte as membrane between an anode compartment and a cathode compartment. The system utilizes the principles of a concentration cell using a non-porous inorganic solid electrolyte membrane and ionic solutions of differing concentration.

Abstract translation: 一种固体电解质热电化学系统，其使用无孔固体电解质作为阳极室和阴极室之间的膜。 该系统利用浓度池的原理，使用无孔无机固体电解质膜和不同浓度的离子溶液。