Abstract:
A composite article for dissipating thermal energy from a secondary battery cell includes a first graphite layer, a second graphite layer spaced away from and arranged parallel to the first graphite layer, and a metal layer sandwiched between and disposed in contact with each of the first graphite layer and the second graphite layer. The composite article has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to about 1,200 W/mK and an electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to about 10,000 S/cm. A secondary battery module includes the composite article and a secondary battery cell having a length and an average measurable temperature along the length during operation of the secondary battery module. The composite article is disposed adjacent and in contact with the secondary battery cell to thereby dissipate thermal energy from the secondary battery cell during operation of the secondary battery module.
Abstract:
A secondary battery module includes a plurality of secondary battery cells each having a measureable temperature and each spaced apart from an adjacent one of the secondary battery cells to define a cooling channel therebetween. The plurality of cells includes a first one of the cells having a measureable first temperature and a terminal one of the cells having a measureable terminal temperature and separated from the first one of the cells by at least one other of the cells. The module includes a fluid flowable within each of the cooling channels and in thermal energy exchange relationship with each of the cells, and a housing defining an inlet channel disposed in fluid flow communication with each of the cooling channels and configured for directing fluid flow uniformly to each of the cooling channels, and further defining a plurality of inlet ports in fluid flow communication with the inlet channel.
Abstract:
A system and method of operating an automatic climate control system for a vehicle is disclosed. The method may include determining a breath level air temperature in a passenger compartment of the vehicle; determining a mean radiant temperature in the passenger compartment; determining an average air velocity in the passenger compartment; determining a clothing level factor, and calculating an equivalent homogeneous temperature based on the breath level air temperature, the mean radiant temperature, the average air velocity and the clothing level factor; comparing the calculated equivalent homogeneous temperature to a desired equivalent homogeneous temperature; and adjusting an output of the automatic climate control system based on the comparison of the calculated equivalent homogeneous temperature to the desired equivalent homogeneous temperature.
Abstract:
A nozzle assembly for a kinetic spray system includes a convergent portion, a throat portion, and a divergent portion, each cooperating together to define a passage therethrough for passing a mixture of powder particles suspended in a flow of a high pressure heated gas. The nozzle assembly further includes an extension portion attached to the divergent portion and extending to a distal end a pre-determined length from the divergent portion of the nozzle assembly. The extension portion permits a dragging force exerted on the powder particles by the flow of high pressure heated gas to act upon the powder particles for a longer duration of time, thereby permitting the powder particles to accelerate to a greater velocity than has been previously achievable.
Abstract:
A nozzle assembly for a kinetic spray system includes a convergent portion, a throat portion, and a divergent portion, each cooperating together to define a passage therethrough for passing a mixture of powder particles suspended in a flow of a high pressure heated gas. The nozzle assembly further includes an extension portion attached to the divergent portion and extending to a distal end a pre-determined length from the divergent portion of the nozzle assembly. The extension portion permits a dragging force exerted on the powder particles by the flow of high pressure heated gas to act upon the powder particles for a longer duration of time, thereby permitting the powder particles to accelerate to a greater velocity than has been previously achievable.
Abstract:
A method for detecting fuel leaking into an oil pan containing oil which is used to lubricate an internal combustion engine utilizes a plurality of sensors. The method includes the step of measuring a plurality of parameters of the oil using each of the plurality of sensors to create measured values. A fuel leakage value is calculated incorporating each of the measured values. The method then determines when the fuel leakage value exceeds a predetermined value.
Abstract:
An improved kinetic spray system and a method for using the same in a high speed manufacturing environment are disclosed. The improved kinetic spray nozzle system comprises: a gas/powder exchange chamber connected to a first end of a powder/gas conditioning chamber having a length along a longitudinal axis of equal to or greater than 20 millimeters; a converging diverging supersonic nozzle, the supersonic nozzle having a converging section separated from a diverging section by a throat, the diverging section comprising a first portion and a second portion, with the first portion having a cross-sectional area that increases along a length of the first portion and with the second portion having a substantially constant cross-sectional area along a length of the second portion; and the converging section connected to a second end of the powder/gas conditioning chamber opposite the first end. The method includes: use of the disclosed nozzle system with the addition of hard particles that permit maximum enhancement of particle temperature while not permitting clogging of the nozzle; use of controlled particle feed rates to match the desired very high traverse speeds; and use of pre-heating of the substrate to clean it an to enhance particle bonding. With the disclosed nozzle system coupled with the disclosed methods one can apply kinetic spray coatings at traverse speeds of over 200 centimeters per second with a deposition efficiency of over 80 percent.
Abstract:
An improved kinetic spray nozzle system is disclosed in addition to improved methods for injection particle powders into a nozzle. Utilization of the nozzle enables one to dramatically increase the deposition efficiency of a variety of particles using a kinetic process. The improved nozzle includes a powder/gas conditioning chamber that increases the particle residence time within the nozzle enabling one to achieve higher particle temperatures prior to their acceleration in the supersonic portion of the kinetic spray nozzle.
Abstract:
An oil change sensing system for an internal combustion engine, having an oil pressure sensor adapted to provide an oil pressure signal to an engine control module; an oil temperature sensor adapted to provide an oil temperature signal to the engine control module; wherein the engine control module comprises an algorithm which determines the oil's viscosity by using the measured oil temperature and oil pressure and the determined oil viscosity and a fresh oil viscosity are used to determine whether the oil is in a preferred operating range.
Abstract:
A system and method for reducing a buffeting condition in a passenger compartment of a vehicle is disclosed herein. The system includes, but is not limited to, a blocking member disposed between the passenger compartment and an adjacent space that is configured to move between an open position and a closed position to respectively open and close an opening between the passenger compartment and the adjacent space. The system further includes a motor operatively coupled with the blocking member and configured to move the blocking member between the open position and the closed position. The system still further includes a controller operatively coupled to the motor and configured to control the motor to move the blocking member to alternate between the open position and the closed position at a predetermined rate in response to a triggering event, whereby a buffeting condition experienced in the passenger compartment is diminished.