摘要:
Use of copolymers comprising alkylene oxide units, which copolymers comprise incorporated randomly or blockwise by polymerization (a) 50 to 93 mol % of acrylic acid and/or a water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, (b) 5 to 30 mol % of methacrylic acid and/or a water-soluble salt of methacrylic acid and (c) 2 to 20 mol % of at least one nonionic monomer of the formula I where the variables have the following meaning: R1 hydrogen or methyl; R2 a chemical bond or unbranched or branched C1-C6-alkylene; R3 identical or different unbranched or branched C2-C4-alkylene radicals; R4 unbranched or branched C1-C6-alkyl; n 3 to 50, as additive to phosphate- and/or phosphonate-comprising aqueous systems in industrial technical plants.
摘要:
Compositions comprising: (A) at least one surfactant of the general formula (I) (R1—[(O—(CH2)2)x1(O—CH(CH3)CH2)x2]O)kP(═O)(OH)3-k (I) wherein the sequence of the alkyleneoxy units is arbitrary, each R1 independently represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of linear and branched C12-C22-alkyl, C12-C22-alkenyl, C12-C22-alkynyl, (C11-C21-alkyl)carbonyl, (C11-C21-alkenyl)carbonyl and (C11-C21-alkynyl)carbonyl, k represents 1 or 2 and x1 and x2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 20, the sum of x1 and x2 being a number of 1 to 20; and (B) at least one thickener comprising at least two hydrophobic groups R2 which are linked to one another via a bridging hydrophilic group (α), wherein each R2, independently represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of C8-C32-alkyl, C8-C32-alkenyl, C8-C32-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aryl-C1-C32-alkyl, which in each case may have up to 3 hydroxyl substituents; wherein the composition has a pH which is viscosity-dependent.
摘要:
The use of nondendrimeric hyperbranched polyesters and/or polyesteramides which comprise alkyl- and/or alkenyl-substituted succinic acid units as demulsifiers for splitting oil-water emulsions, especially crude oil emulsions, and also nondendrimeric hyperbranched polyesters or polyesteramides which comprise alkyl- and/or alkenyl-substituted succinic acid units.
摘要:
A process for preparing a paraffin inhibitor formulation comprising (a) preparing a mixture comprising a waxy paraffin inhibitor component having a melting point of >0° C. and an emulsifier component, wherein the mixture is prepared at a first temperature range above the melting point of the waxy paraffin inhibitor; (b) adding water to the mixture to produce an o/w emulsion; and (c) cooling the o/w emulsion to a temperature in a second temperature range which is below the melting point of the waxy paraffin inhibitor. The mixture prepared in step (a) may further comprise water to produce a w/o emulsion, the water being present in a proportion by weight that is lower than the sum of the proportions by weight of the paraffin inhibitor and the emulsifier component. The process may further comprise (d) adding an at least partially water-miscible organic solvent in which the paraffin inhibitor is insoluble.
摘要:
Compositions comprising: (A) at least one surfactant of the general formula (I) (R1—[(O—(CH2)2)x1(O—CH(CH3)CH2)x2]O)kP(═O)(OH)3-k (I) wherein the sequence of the alkyleneoxy units is arbitrary, each R1 independently represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of linear and branched C12-C22-alkyl, C12-C22-alkenyl, C12-C22-alkynyl, (C11-C21-alkyl)carbonyl, (C11-C21-alkenyl)carbonyl and (C11-C21-alkynyl)carbonyl, k represents 1 or 2 and x1 and x2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 20, the sum of x1 and x2 being a number of 1 to 20; and (B) at least one thickener comprising at least two hydrophobic groups R2 which are linked to one another via a bridging hydrophilic group (α), wherein each R2, independently represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of C8-C32-alkyl, C8-C32-alkenyl, C8-C32-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aryl-C1-C32-alkyl, which in each case may have up to 3 hydroxyl substituents; wherein the composition has a pH which is viscosity-dependent.
摘要:
Thickener systems which are suitable for preparing thickener compositions, and which systems consists of (A) at least one anionic surfactant A and (B) at least one polymer B comprising at least one hydrophobic group and preferably at least one hydrophilic group, wherein the concentration of the polymer B in a thickener composition is below the overlap concentration c* of the polymer, along with processes for preparing such compositions and uses thereof.
摘要:
A process for preparing a water-soluble container comprising at least two compartments which comprises: a. providing at least two compartments, each compartment being filled with a composition, and covering each compartment with a lid such that the compartments are joined by a folding portion; and b. folding the folding portion such that the lids of each of the compartments adhere to each other.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing press molded bodies having at least two separate layers of material is disclosed. The method comprises providing a pair of cooperating parallel arranged rollers (1, 2) defining a nip (3) therebetween and having cavities defined on their outer surfaces, each cavity on one of the rollers (1, 2) cooperating with another cavity of the other roller (2, 1) to form die means, the axes (4, 5) of the rollers (1, 2) being arranged substantially horizontally, feeding at least two contiguous separate streams of different particulate materials into die means adjacent to the nip (3), so that each die means will be filled with portions of different material and counter-rotating the rollers (1, 2) so that the materials contained in the die means will be compressed into press molded bodies (briquettes) having at least two separate layers of material. An apparatus for the manufacture of press moulded bodies is also disclosed.