摘要:
A circuit is arranged to derive the internal vertical synchronizing signals and field identification signals for a digital television signal. The circuit operates from the internal horizontal synchronizing signals and the separated external synchronizing signals and employs a sign inverter, an accumulator, an absolute value device, a comparator, a counter and AND gates, as well as an OR gate. These components, as coupled, produce the above-noted signals by digital generation and requires no subcircuits that are independent of the horizontal oscillator which horizontal oscillator is arranged in a phase lock loop.
摘要:
A process is provided for the intracellular manipulation of a biological cell (3) which is positioned adhering to a support area (5) in a culture medium (2). Inside the support area (5) for the cell (3) an opening into the membrane of the cell (3) is created spaced from its support edge. The edge of the cell membrane surrounding the opening, adhering to the support area (5), thus seals off the cell fluid situated in the interior of the cell (3) from the culture medium (2) and insulates the cell fluid against the culture medium (2). The interior of the cell (3) is manipulated through the opening. An apparatus for implementing the process is also provided, including an object carrier (4) with a support area (5) for adhering the cell and a poration tool (6) for creating the opening in the cell membrane. The poration tool (6) may be any of various chemical, mechanical and/or electrical devices.
摘要:
An integrated sensor array has a substrates, at least one sensor element, and a signal processing device integrated in the substrate and connected or capable of being connected with the sensor elements. A layer having a measuring surface is capable of being detachably bonded to the substrate so that a signal emitted from the measuring surface is capable of being processed by the signal processing device when the layer is bonded to the substrate. The substrate has at least one feedthrough hole abutting with the layer, which feedthrough hole is connected or capable of being connected to a vacuum generating device in order to bond the layer to the substrate by suction.
摘要:
In a carrier medium having at least two defined regions, biological and/or chemical substances are applied to the regions of the carrier medium for analyzing an analyte. The carrier medium is also provided with a stored code that indicates which biological and/or chemical substance is located in which defined region. The application of multiple biological and/or chemical substances to one carrier medium enables multiple analyses to be performed simultaneously on the analyte. This approach reduces the required quantities of the biological and/or chemical substances needed to perform the desired analyses of the analyte. The carrier medium itself does not reveal which biological and/or chemical substance is located in which region; this information may instead be provided by the code.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing an optical transmitting and receiving device (1, 1a) comprising a light emitting transmission element (3, 3a) and a receiving element (4, 4a) which converts this light into an electrical magnitude. The transmission and receiving elements are inserted into a silicon substrate. The optical transmitting and receiving device (1) is preferably inserted in a monolithic manner into a common substrate, comprising a sequence of superimposed layers for the light emitting transmission element (3) and the light receiving element (4). An electrically insulating intermediate layer (9, 9a) is incorporated between the transmission and receiving element.
摘要:
The invention relates to a carrier medium (10, 20, 30, 30′) for analyzing an analyte, to which biological and/or chemical substances (A through I) are applied in at least two defined regions (11, 21, 31, 31′), with a code (12, 32, 3′) showing which biological and/or chemical substance (A through I) is located in which of the defined regions (11, 21, 31, 31′). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing carrier media with the following steps: a. producing a set of identical carrier media (30) having a first arrangement of the defined regions (31) and/or a first arrangement of the biological and/or chemical substances (A through I) within the defined regions (31), b. assigning a different code (32) to each of these carrier media (30), c. storing the arrangement of the defined regions (31) and/or the arrangement of the biological and/or chemical substances (A through I) within the defined regions (31) of the carrier media (30) along with the associated code (32), d. selecting a second arrangement of the defined regions (31), and/or of the biological and/or chemical substances (A through I) in the defined regions (31), that is different from the first arrangement, e. implementing steps a through c for the second arrangement, f. implementing steps a through c for subsequent arrangements different from the arrangements already used.
摘要:
The invention relates to a capacitive magnetic field sensor. This sensor has a first electrode (2) and a second electrode (3), which are spaced apart from one another and which form a measurement capacitance. The first electrode (2) is situated on a first substrate body (4), and the second electrode (3) on a second substrate body (5). The second substrate body (5) is designed as a deformable membrane in the vicinity of the second electrode (3). A magnetic body (6) is situated in the vicinity of the second electrode (3) and the membrane, and is rigidly connected to the membrane and to the second electrode (3). As a result of this rigid connection, the influence of an external magnetic field on the magnetic body causes not only the magnetic body (6) to change its position but also causes the membrane and the second electrode (3) to change their position, since they are rigidly connected to said magnetic body. Because the second electrode (3) changes its position, its distance from the first electrode (2) changes, and thus the measurement capacitance, which acts as a measure of the externally applied magnetic field. This capacitive magnetic field sensor is distinguished by very small exterior dimensions, great mechanical stability, and low temperature dependence.
摘要:
A method is provided for measuring a state variable of a biological cell (3) located in a nutrient medium (2) and supported on and adhering to a support area (5). Within the support area (5) for the cell (3) and at a distance from the support area edge, an opening is made in the membrane of the cell (3). The edge of the cell membrane that surrounds the opening and adheres to the support area (5) seals off the liquid found inside the cell (3) from the nutrient medium (2). Through the opening the state variable (2) is measured. An apparatus for performing the method is also provided.
摘要:
A process is provided for the intracellular manipulation of a biological cell (3) which is positioned adhering to a support area (5) in a culture medium (2). Inside the support area (5) for the cell (3) an opening into the membrane of the cell (3) is created spaced from its support edge. The edge of the cell membrane surrounding the opening, adhering to the support area (5), thus seals off the cell fluid situated in the interior of the cell (3) from the culture medium (2) and insulates the cell fluid against the culture medium (2). The interior of the cell (3) is manipulated through the opening. An apparatus for implementing the process is also provided, including an object carrier (4) with a support area (5) for adhering the cell and a poration tool (6) for creating the opening in the cell membrane. The poration tool (6) may be any of various chemical, mechanical and/or electrical devices.
摘要:
A measuring device (1) has a semiconductor arrangement, which includes a semiconductor chip (2) connected to a carrier (4) having at least one through-hole (3). The semiconductor chip (2) has at least one sensor (6) with an active sensor surface (5) facing the through-hole (3). The semiconductor chip (2) has electrical terminal points (9), which are connected using flip-chip connections (10) to terminal contacts (11) facing the terminal points (9) and located on the carrier (4). The carrier (4) has electrical strip conductors (12), which connect the terminal contacts (11) to contact elements (13) located on the carrier. To the rear side of the carrier (4) having the contact elements (13) a strip conductor carrier (16) is provided, which has strip conductors (12) connected to opposing contacts (14). The opposing contacts (14) are each electrically connected using flip-chip connections (17), to a contact element (13), which are allocated to each of them. The semiconductor chip (2) and the carrier (4) enclose a measuring chamber. Between the carrier (4) and the semiconductor chip (2) a seal (7) is arranged, which is constructed to be porous or semi-porous, at least in certain areas, or is constructed as a selectively permeable membrane, for bringing a substance into the measuring chamber.