Electrochemical Co-Production of Products with Carbon-Based Reactant Feed to Anode
    23.
    发明申请
    Electrochemical Co-Production of Products with Carbon-Based Reactant Feed to Anode 有权
    具有碳基反应物进料到阳极的产品的电化学共生产

    公开(公告)号:US20130105330A1

    公开(公告)日:2013-05-02

    申请号:US13724647

    申请日:2012-12-21

    IPC分类号: C25B15/08

    摘要: The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide. The method may include another step of contacting the second region with an anolyte comprising a recycled reactant and at least one of an alkane, haloalkane, alkene, haloalkene, aromatic compound, haloaromatic compound, heteroaromatic compound or halo-heteroaromatic compound. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region.

    摘要翻译: 本公开是用于从具有阴极的电化学电池的第一区域产生第一产物的系统和方法,以及来自具有阳极的电化学电池的第二区域的第二产物。 该方法可以包括使第一区域与包含二氧化碳的阴极电解液接触的步骤。 该方法可以包括使第二区域与包含再循环反应物和烷烃,卤代烷烃,烯烃,卤代烯烃,芳族化合物,卤代芳族化合物,杂芳族化合物或卤代杂芳族化合物中的至少一种的阳极电解液接触的另一步骤。 此外,该方法可以包括在阳极和阴极之间施加足以产生可从第一区域回收的第一产品和从第二区域回收的第二产品的电势的步骤。

    METHOD OF PRODUCING COUPLED RADICAL PRODUCTS
    24.
    发明申请
    METHOD OF PRODUCING COUPLED RADICAL PRODUCTS 有权
    生产偶联产品的方法

    公开(公告)号:US20110168569A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-07-14

    申请号:US12840508

    申请日:2010-07-21

    IPC分类号: C25B3/10

    摘要: A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

    摘要翻译: 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸,羧酸的酯,羧酸的甘油三酸酯,或羧酸的金属盐,或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜(例如NaSICON膜)。 当电池操作时,羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合,由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料,生成的烃可以是例如饱和的,不饱和的,支链的或非支链的。

    DECARBOXYLATION CELL FOR PRODUCTION OF COUPLED RADICAL PRODUCTS
    25.
    发明申请
    DECARBOXYLATION CELL FOR PRODUCTION OF COUPLED RADICAL PRODUCTS 审中-公开
    用于生产偶联产物的脱羧单元

    公开(公告)号:US20110024288A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-02-03

    申请号:US12840401

    申请日:2010-07-21

    IPC分类号: C25B9/00

    摘要: A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

    摘要翻译: 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸,羧酸的酯,羧酸的甘油三酸酯,或羧酸的金属盐,或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜(例如NaSICON膜)。 当电池操作时,羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合,由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料,生成的烃可以是例如饱和的,不饱和的,支链的或非支链的。

    Production of Gasoline From Fermentable Feedstocks
    26.
    发明申请
    Production of Gasoline From Fermentable Feedstocks 有权
    从发酵原料生产汽油

    公开(公告)号:US20100159553A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-06-24

    申请号:US12224024

    申请日:2007-02-14

    申请人: David Bradin

    发明人: David Bradin

    IPC分类号: C12P5/02 C12P1/04 C12P1/02

    摘要: Compositions and methods for forming hexane, and, optionally, gasoline and/or components of a gasoline composition, from fermentable sugars are disclosed. The sugars are fermented using a bacteria or yeast that predominantly forms butyric acid. The butyric acid is subjected to Kolbe or photo-Kolbe electrolysis to form hexane. The hexane can be subjected to catalytic, reforming and/or isomerization steps to form higher octane products, which are or can be included in gasoline compositions. In one aspect, the fermentable sugars are derived from lignocellulosic materials such as wood products, switchgrass, or agricultural wastes. These materials are delignified to form lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The cellulose and hemicellulose are depolymerized to form glycose and xylose, either or both of which can be fermented by the bacteria. The lignin can be used to generate heat energy and/or electric energy for use in one or more process steps, such as the fermentation, product isolation, Kolbe electrolysis, catalytic reforming and/or isomerization steps. Alternatively, the lignin can be converted to synthesis gas, which can then be subjected to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or converted to methanol and/or ethanol. Thus, the methods described herein can convert biomass to a fuel composition or fuel additive, which can be used in a conventional gasoline engine, unlike traditional fuels such as ethanol or biodiesel.

    摘要翻译: 公开了用于从可发酵糖形成己烷和任选的汽油和/或汽油组合物的组分的组合物和方法。 使用主要形成丁酸的细菌或酵母发酵糖。 将丁酸进行Kolbe或光 - Kolbe电解以形成己烷。 己烷可以进行催化,重整和/或异构化步骤以形成更高辛烷值的产物,它们是或可以包含在汽油组合物中。 一方面,可发酵糖衍生自木质纤维素材料,例如木制品,柳枝稷或农业废物。 这些材料脱木质素形成木质素,纤维素和半纤维素。 纤维素和半纤维素被解聚以形成糖和木糖,其中一种或两种都可以被细菌发酵。 木质素可以用于产生用于一个或多个工艺步骤的热能和/或电能,例如发酵,产物分离,Kolbe电解,催化重整和/或异构化步骤。 或者,木质素可以转化为合成气,然后可以进行费 - 托合成,或转化成甲醇和/或乙醇。 因此,本文所述的方法可将生物质转化成可用于常规汽油发动机中的燃料组合物或燃料添加剂,其不同于传统燃料如乙醇或生物柴油。

    Compositions, devices, systems, for using a Nanopore
    27.
    发明申请
    Compositions, devices, systems, for using a Nanopore 有权
    使用Nanopore的组合,设备,系统

    公开(公告)号:US20100035260A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-02-11

    申请号:US12459059

    申请日:2009-06-26

    摘要: The invention herein disclosed provides for devices and methods that can detect and control an individual polymer in a mixture is acted upon by another compound, for example, an enzyme, in a nanopore in the absence of requiring a terminating nucleotide. The devices and methods are also used to determine rapidly (˜>50 Hz) the nucleotide base sequence of a polynucleotide under feedback control or using signals generated by the interactions between the polynucleotide and the nanopore. The invention is of particular use in the fields of drug discovery, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, molecular switches, molecular circuits, and molecular computational devices, and the manufacture thereof.

    摘要翻译: 本文公开的本发明提供了可以检测和控制混合物中的单个聚合物在不需要终止核苷酸的情况下在纳米孔中被另一种化合物(例如酶)作用的装置和方法。 所述装置和方法还用于在反馈控制下或使用通过多核苷酸和纳米孔之间的相互作用产生的信号来快速(〜> 50Hz)确定多核苷酸的核苷酸碱基序列。 本发明特别用于药物发现,分子生物学,结构生物学,细胞生物学,分子开关,分子电路和分子计算装置及其制造领域。

    Method of producing bisphosphine oxide
    28.
    发明授权
    Method of producing bisphosphine oxide 失效
    生产双氧化膦的方法

    公开(公告)号:US06214196B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-04-10

    申请号:US09370167

    申请日:1999-08-09

    IPC分类号: C25B310

    CPC分类号: C25B3/10

    摘要: A method of producing a bisphosphine oxide by performing a koble electrolysis coupling reaction to a phosphine oxide carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1): wherein the bisphosphine oxide is represented by the following general formula (2):

    摘要翻译: 通过对由通式(1)表示的氧化膦羧酸进行微电解偶联反应来制备双氧化膦的方法:其中双氧化膦由以下通式(2)表示:

    Electrochemical process for preparing
4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and the salts thereof
    30.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical process for preparing 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and the salts thereof 失效
    制备4,4'-二硝基二茋-2,2'-二磺酸的电化学方法及其盐

    公开(公告)号:US5021132A

    公开(公告)日:1991-06-04

    申请号:US563457

    申请日:1990-08-07

    IPC分类号: C25B3/02 C07C309/40 C25B3/10

    CPC分类号: C25B3/10 Y02P20/582

    摘要: A process is disclosed for electrochemically treating p-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonic acid salts under oxidizing conditions to form 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the salts thereof. The process provides satisfactory yields of the stilbene compound while enabling substantial recycling of reaction materials. Substantial benefits are obtained when lithium hydroxide is employed in the reaction medium, including recovery of product of high purity, and improved recovery and recycling of lithium to the process.

    摘要翻译: 公开了在氧化条件下电化学处理对硝基甲苯-2-磺酸盐以形成4,4'-二硝基二茋-2,2'-二磺酸或其盐的方法。 该方法提供令人满意的二苯乙烯化合物产率,同时使反应材料能够大量再循环。 当在反应介质中使用氢氧化锂,包括回收高纯度产物,以及改进锂的回收和回收方法,可以获得显着的效益。