Abstract:
The present invention relates to the discovery that specific human taste receptors in the T2R taste receptor family respond to particular bitter compounds present in, e.g., coffee. Also, the invention relates to the discovery of specific compounds and compositions containing that function as bitter taste blockers and the use thereof as bitter taste blockers or flavor modulators in, e.g., coffee and coffee flavored foods, beverages and medicaments. Also, the present invention relates to the discovery of a compound that antagonizes numerous different human T2Rs and the use thereof in assays and as a bitter taste blocker in compositions for ingestion by humans and animals.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for determining a loss of alignment defect in a communications network employing virtually concatenated payloads is provided. The method and apparatus comprise performing specific evaluations and assessments of conditions under normal conditions as well as evaluations and assessments under LCAS conditions where additional members may be added using the LCAS ADD state.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for transferring data traffic, such as in a SONET/SDH environment, is provided. Two designs are presented, each utilizing a dual device design, where one device performs GFP Framing and the other device performs GFP-T adaptation. The method and apparatus include a first device having a first device FIFO, the first device configured to receive data and assemble data into packets and transfer data across a packet interface when the first device FIFO contains more than N bytes. A second device comprises a second device FIFO, the second device configured to receive data packets from the packet interface and utilize a plurality of thresholds to maintain a quantity of data in the second device FIFO within a predetermined range. Depending on the design employed, control codes, such as 65B_PAD control codes, may be added in the first device under certain conditions to facilitate data transfer.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for determining a read address for received data in a communications network employing virtually concatenated payloads is provided. The method and apparatus comprise determining a minimum write address using a plurality of memory elements and using the minimum write address in connection with received read addresses to determine group read addresses.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for managing memory for time division multiplexed high speed data traffic is provided. The method and apparatus utilize an interleaving approach in association with multiple memory banks, such as within SDRAM, to perform highly efficient data reading and writing. The design issues a first command or access command, such as a read command or write command to one memory bank, followed by an active command to a second memory bank, enabling efficient reading and writing in a multiple data flow environment, such as a SONET/SDH virtual concatenation environment using differential delay compensation.
Abstract:
A shared buffer for near-end and optical interface flow control in fiber optic communications is described. In one embodiment, the invention includes receiving data from a client as frames in a first format, storing the data in a addressable buffer, recording addresses for the end of each received frame, reading the stored data from the buffer for conversion to frames of a second format, and sending a ready signal to the client upon reading data stored at a recorded address for the end of a received frame.