Abstract:
Methods for planarizing a metal layer in a semiconductor device are disclosed. An illustrated example method comprises dividing a metal layer into a first section and a second section. A polishing removal rate associated with the first section is greater than a polishing removal rate associated with the second section. The method also includes forming an oxide layer on the first section of the metal layer; and planarizing the oxide layer and the metal layer using a chemical mechanical polishing process.
Abstract:
Provided is an apparatus for stabilizing the concentration of a previously generated aerosol, which includes: an aerosol inlet channel; an aerosol pressure adjustment unit accelerating the aerosol; a buffer connected to the aerosol pressure adjustment unit via an aerosol transport channel and having a much larger sectional area than the aerosol inlet channel and the aerosol transport channel, wherein the aerosol accelerated by the aerosol pressure adjustment unit reaches the buffer via the aerosol transport channel and is mixed in the buffer; a feedback channel connecting between the buffer and the preceding channel to the buffer to feedback a portion of the aerosol present in the buffer to the preceding channel to the buffer; and an aerosol outlet channel releasing the aerosol uniformly mixed in the buffer. Provided is also a method for stabilizing the concentration of an aerosol according to the same principle as in the apparatus.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for reducing the interference caused by a femtocell in a wireless communication system. The method comprises the steps of: measuring the intensity of a signal received from a terminal when the transmission mode is deactivated; and controlling the transmission mode to be activated according to the signal intensity, and thus has the advantage of decreasing the influence effects caused by the femtocell and reducing the power consumption in a femto base station.
Abstract:
Provided is a handover method of a wireless communication system using a hierarchical cellular scheme. In the method, signal quality of a serving node is measured, so that whether to start scanning for a handover is determined. When the scanning for the handover starts, signal qualities of a serving cell including the serving node and one or more neighbor cells are measured through a first preamble including a first identifier for distinguishing a cell. An intra-cell handover or an inter-cell handover is selected using the signal qualities of the serving cell and the neighbor cells. Therefore, a terminal can easily distinguish between the inter-cell handover and the intra-cell handover, and an overhead during a handover can be reduced because an intra-cell handover procedure is simplified.
Abstract:
A resource allocation in a broadband wireless communication system is provided. An apparatus for a base station in a broadband wireless communication system includes a manager for managing resources by dividing the resources into a plurality of regions based on a maximum supportable error vector magnitude (EVM) in a frequency axis; and an allocator for allocating resources of a region other than a first region, the region having the smallest maximum supportable EVM, to a service to which a maximum modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level is not applied.
Abstract:
Apparatuses and methods for transmitting and receiving in a multi-antenna system are provided. A receiver for reducing a quantization error of channel information feedback in a multi-antenna system includes a restore vector generator for selecting a codeword ck and d determining a real part wkreal and an imaginary part wkimag of a restore vector corresponding to the codeword; and a post-processor for performing post-processing by multiplying the real part wkreal of the restore vector by a first reception signal and multiplying the imaginary part wkimag of the restore vector by a second reception signal.
Abstract:
A method of generating a signal having a converted sampling rate in a communication system is provided. The method includes selecting effective input samples among S number of input samples included in an input stream corresponding to an input sampling rate, generating a filter coefficient set including filter coefficients having a length of a second tap, the filter coefficients having the length of the second tap being generated by dividing a filter coefficient having a length of a first tap configuring a low-pass filter into the filter coefficients having the length of the second tap corresponding to a number of selected effective input samples, selecting filter coefficients corresponding to each of the effective input samples among the filter coefficients included in the filter coefficient set, and outputting output samples having an output sampling rate which is converted from the input sampling rate.
Abstract:
A multi-layered micro lens sheet for a three-dimensional look includes a lens array layer in which first convex lenses and second convex lenses with different shapes are alternately arranged in longitudinal and transverse directions; a focal distance layer formed under the lens array layer; and a three-dimensional layer formed under the focal distance layer.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for data transmission in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system are provided. An OFDM system includes a reference Relay Station (RS) and a cooperative relay station respectively for performing an Spatially Layered transmission Mode (SLM) process by modulating a phase and magnitude of a signal by using a predetermined modulation order suitable for the reference relay station to obtain a spatially-layered signal and for delivering the spatially-layered signal to a target Mobile Station (MS); a Base Station (BS) for selecting the reference relay station and the cooperative relay station among a plurality of relay stations; and an mobile station for detecting data through Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection in which a signal having the largest ML is detected by comparing the received spatially-layered signal with a signal which is converted through the SLM upon receiving the spatially-layered signal from the reference relay station and the cooperative relay station.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for reducing the interference caused by a femtocell in a wireless communication system. The method comprises the steps of: measuring the intensity of a signal received from a terminal when the transmission mode is deactivated; and controlling the transmission mode to be activated according to the signal intensity, and thus has the advantage of decreasing the influence effects caused by the femtocell and reducing the power consumption in a femto base station.