摘要:
An oxygen concentration detector under a temperature control for an internal combustion engine. An oxygen sensor of a critical current type is held between a gas under test and a reference gas, in the vicinity of which a heater is located for heating up the oxygen sensor in a sensor activating temperature range. A first voltage is applied for a positive bias control to the oxygen sensor during a first period, and a second voltage is applied for a negative bias control thereto during a second period. Electric current flowing through the oxygen sensor is detected during the first period in order to detect the oxygen concentration in the gas under test. The current value is also detected during the second period in order to detect and maintain constant the internal electric resistance of the oxygen sensor by controlling the heater heating output.
摘要:
In a process for producing a polymer of monoallylamine comprising polymerizing monoallylamine, the polymerization is carried out using as a monomer inorganic acid salts (e.g., hydrochloride, sulfate, etc.) of monoallylamine in the presence of an azo type radical initiator.By the process, polymers of monoallylamine having a high degree of polymerization can be obtained in high yield.
摘要:
A fuel injection system in which the valve control pulses are generated on the basis of information regarding the engine rpm and the combustion air flow rate and in which the air flow rate is measured by a baffle plate and a position sensor. When the throttle is abruptly closed, the inertia of the air and of the baffle plate prevents a precise measurement and an overly lean fuel mixture may be admitted. Accordingly, the apparatus of the invention is sensitive to the rate of change of the signal from the baffle plate sensor and when that rate is too great, additional current is fed to a multiplying circuit, thereby extending the control pulse length and increasing the amount of fuel fed to the engine.
摘要:
An electronically controlled fuel injection system mounting an oxygen content detector in the exhaust system of the engine comprises at least two kinds of fuel injection valve, one of which has a different injection opening from the other, whereby an optimum air-fuel ratio for reducing harmful components in the exhaust gas from the engine is obtained.
摘要:
A semiconductor apparatus includes, a semiconductor substrate having first and second main surfaces and a through hole connecting the first and second main surfaces; a first insulation layer arranged on the first main surface, and having an opening corresponding to the through hole; a first conductive layer arranged on the first insulation layer, and covering the through hole; a second insulation layer arranged on an inner wall of the through hole and the second surface; a second conductive layer arranged in the through hole and on the second insulation layer, the second conductive layer contacting the first conductive layer; and a filling member arranged on the second conductive layer in the through hole, and having a gap between the second conductive layer on the first main surface side.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes: preparing a semiconductor substrate with a first notch; preparing a supporting substrate with a second notch; laminating the semiconductor substrate with the supporting substrate so that the first notch can be matched with the second notch; and processing a second main surface of the semiconductor substrate opposite to a first main surface thereof facing to the supporting substrate to reduce a thickness of the semiconductor substrate to a predetermined thickness.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes: preparing a semiconductor substrate with a first notch; preparing a supporting substrate with a second notch; laminating the semiconductor substrate with the supporting substrate so that the first notch can be matched with the second notch; and processing a second main surface of the semiconductor substrate opposite to a first main surface thereof facing to the supporting substrate to reduce a thickness of the semiconductor substrate to a predetermined thickness.
摘要:
A magnetic separation purifying apparatus includes a cylindrical-shaped sludge recovery rotating body rotating to place sludge and a magnetic substance on a surface thereof to convey the same; a magnetic rotating body, which has an axis in the sludge recovery rotating body and includes a rotating body and a plurality of magnets mounted on its circumference, at least a side of which is arranged close to an inner peripheral surface of the sludge recovery rotating body, by which a magnetic substance is magnetically attracted to a surface of the sludge recovery rotating body whereby sludge is transported onto the surface of the sludge recovery rotating body; and a scraping device that scrapes sludge and a magnetic substance being transported on the surface of the sludge recovery rotating body.
摘要:
An apparatus for continuously producing polyester comprises three single reactors, i.e. a single esterification reactor (first reactor), a single initial polymerization reactor (second reactor) and a single final polymerization reactor (third reactor or final polymerizer), where at least one of the first reactor and the second reactor is free from an external stirring power source, or the third reactor is a horizontal, one-shaft-type, low speed rotation type reactor. Necessary number of reactors for the esterification and polycondensation reactions can be a minimum and necessary stirring power consumption for the reaction can be a minimum, and thus polyester polymers of good quality can be efficiently produced at a minimum energy cost in a necessary minimum reactor structure.
摘要:
There is provided a magnetic separation purifying apparatus capable of favorably separating a magnetic substance irrespective of fluctuation of a water surface in a magnetic separation part to thereby stably discharge high density sludge. The magnetic separation purifying apparatus comprises: a rotating filtering body having a cylindrical-shaped filtering net to filter sludge and a magnetic substance from a processed fluid containing the magnetic substance; a cylindrical-shaped sludge recovery rotating body facing the rotating filtering body to be horizontally close thereto, the sludge recovery rotating body rotating to place sludge and a magnetic substance on a surface thereof to convey the same; a magnetic rotating body, which has an axis in the sludge recovery rotating body and comprises a rotating body and a plurality of magnets mounted on a circumference of the rotating body, at least a side of which toward the rotating filtering body is arranged close to an inner peripheral surface of the sludge recovery rotating body, by which a magnetic substance filtered by the rotating filtering body is magnetically attracted to a surface of the sludge recovery rotating body whereby sludge is transported onto the surface of the sludge recovery rotating body; and a scraping device that scrapes sludge and a magnetic substance being transported on the surface of the sludge recovery rotating body.