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公开(公告)号：US4999839A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-12
申请号：US375430
申请日：1989-07-03
申请人： David A. G. Deacon
发明人： David A. G. Deacon
CPC分类号： H04L45/10 , H01S3/0903
摘要： Apparatus and method are provided for causing different groups of particles from an accelerated electron or positron beam to interact exclusively in different sections of a free electron laser. The sections may be one or several amplifiers and an oscillator. The electron beam of a single accelerator used to excite a free electron laser is directed to traverse first an amplifier section or a sequence of amplifier sections and thereafter is directed into an oscillator section where the electron beam induces lasing. If the beam source is pulsed, this invention produces the proper time synchronization of electron and laser pulses. Specifically, delay times between optical pulses are employed among the oscillator and the amplifier or amplifiers to cause the laser to oscillate on the appropriate subharmonic or subharmonics of the accelerator repetition rate so that the intervening electron pulses are used only in the amplifier or amplifiers.
摘要翻译： 提供了装置和方法，用于使来自加速电子或正电子束的不同组的颗粒仅在自由电子激光器的不同部分中相互作用。 这些部分可以是一个或多个放大器和振荡器。 用于激发自由电子激光器的单个加速器的电子束被首先引导放大器部分或放大器部分序列，然后被引导到电子束诱发激光的振荡器部分。 如果光束源是脉冲的，本发明产生电子和激光脉冲的适当时间同步。 具体地说，在振荡器和放大器之间采用光脉冲之间的延迟时间，使激光器以加速器重复频率的适当的次谐波或次谐波振荡，使得中间的电子脉冲仅在放大器或放大器中使用。
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公开(公告)号：US07110622B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-19
申请号：US11151000
申请日：2005-06-13
IPC分类号： G02F1/295
CPC分类号： G02B6/29319 , G02B6/02204 , G02B6/29322 , G02B6/29338 , G02B6/29383 , G02B6/29395 , G02F1/0147 , G02F2201/17 , G02F2201/302 , G02F2201/307 , G02F2203/585 , H04J14/0201
摘要： A set of three gratings may be operated in a vernier loop fashion to select a particular wavelength from a wavelength division multiplexed system. As a result, an optical add/drop multiplexer may be provided that can be tuned to select a desired wavelength. In one embodiment, the tuning may be done thermo-optically.
摘要翻译： 一组三个光栅可以以游标循环方式操作，以从波分复用系统中选择特定波长。 结果，可以提供可以被调谐以选择所需波长的光分插复用器。 在一个实施例中，调谐可以热光学完成。
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33.发明授权Optoelectronic and photonic devices formed of materials which inhibit degradation and failure 有权由抑制退化和失效的材料形成的光电子和光子器件公开(公告)号：US06842545B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-11
申请号：US09828278
申请日：2001-04-05
CPC分类号： G02F1/315 , G02B6/1221 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/1215 , G02B2006/12159 , G02B2006/12164 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , Y10S428/913
摘要： Optoelectronic and photonic devices are formed by employing polymer materials that have a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the nominal operating temperature. By using such materials, the local or segmental mobility is increased so that local stress is eliminated or minimized on the polymer material, making performance more robust. The current invention involves use of a polymer in an optical device in an operating temperature range in the region above Tg, where the polymer segments between crosslinks are allowed local freedom of movement; however, large-scale movement of the material may be restricted by the crosslinked structure of the polymer material. The temperature operation point of a device constructed according to the invention is thus preferably distanced from both the viscoelastic region near Tg and from the glassy region below Tg; such that the device is operated in a region where viscoelastic effects do not significantly affect the materials system, and time-dependent responses of the polymer are minimized or eliminated. Device operation can thus achieve minimum degradation and show improved performance attributes.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有比标称工作温度更低的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的聚合物材料形成光电子和光子器件。 通过使用这种材料，增加了局部或分段的迁移率，使得在聚合物材料上消除或最小化局部应力，使得性能更加坚固。 本发明涉及在高于Tg的区域的工作温度范围内在光学器件中使用聚合物，其中交联之间的聚合物链段允许局部移动自由度; 然而，材料的大规模运动可能受到聚合物材料的交联结构的限制。 因此，根据本发明构造的装置的温度操作点优选地远离Tg附近的粘弹性区域和低于Tg的玻璃状区域; 使得该装置在粘弹性效应不显着影响材料系统的区域中操作，并且聚合物的时间依赖性响应被最小化或消除。 因此，设备操作可以实现最小的降级并显示改进的性能属性。
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公开(公告)号：US06829264B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-07
申请号：US10143063
申请日：2002-05-10
申请人： David A. G. Deacon
发明人： David A. G. Deacon
IPC分类号： H01S304
CPC分类号： H01S5/024 , H01S5/0224 , H01S5/02272 , H01S5/02415 , H01S5/02476 , H01S5/06825
摘要： A semiconductor laser diode mounted to a heat sink body has a thermally resistive layer located between the two in order to provide a specified thermal impedance that balances the contrary responses to laser aging and changes in drive current. The required thermal impedance is determined by experimental trial on a plurality of identically mounted test structures differing only in their thermally resistive layer impedances, which are then operated to cause laser aging. The optical mode frequency output from the laser diodes in the test devices are measured under normal operating conditions at least before and after the laser aging, and the thermal impedance value that would result in a substantially zero change in laser output is calculated from these measurements. The resistive layer's thickness and/or doping level may be used to select the desired thermal impedance. As a result, the mounted laser device with this layer is characterized by an effective refractive index of the laser diode that remains substantially constant as the laser ages with constant operating conditions, and thus the device has an age-stable output frequency.
摘要翻译： 安装到散热体的半导体激光二极管具有位于两者之间的耐热层，以便提供特定的热阻抗，其平衡与激光老化的相反响应和驱动电流的变化。 所需的热阻抗通过在多个相同安装的测试结构上的实验试验来确定，其不同之处仅在于它们的耐热层阻抗，其然后被操作以引起激光老化。 至少在激光老化之前和之后，在正常工作条件下测量测试装置中的激光二极管输出的光模式频率，并根据这些测量计算导致激光输出基本为零变化的热阻抗值。 电阻层的厚度和/或掺杂水平可用于选择所需的热阻抗。 结果，具有该层的安装的激光器件的特征在于激光二极管的有效折射率随着激光器在恒定工作条件下老化而保持基本上恒定，因此该器件具有年龄稳定的输出频率。
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35.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06647032B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-11
申请号：US10066055
申请日：2002-01-31
申请人： Shing Lee , David A. G. Deacon
发明人： Shing Lee , David A. G. Deacon
IPC分类号： H01S310
CPC分类号： H01S5/026 , H01S5/02272 , H01S5/0612 , H01S5/06256 , H01S5/101 , H01S5/1082 , H01S5/1215
摘要： A thermally wavelength tunable laser having selectively activated gratings includes a core, more than one periodic arrangement adjacent to the core, and thermo-optical material adjacent to each periodic arrangement. At an off temperature, the refractive index of the periodic arrangement and the adjacent thermo-optical material is the same. By selectively changing the temperature and hence the refractive index in the thermo-optical material adjacent to a selected periodic arrangement, the selected periodic arrangement forms a diffraction grating which can be tuned over a selected wavelength range. By selecting different periodic arrangements, different, non-overlapping wavelength ranges can be selected and the laser can be tuned over a broad range of wavelengths.
摘要翻译： 具有选择性激活的光栅的热波长可调激光器包括芯，与芯相邻的多于一个的周期性布置，以及与每个周期性布置相邻的热光材料。 在关闭温度下，周期性布置和相邻热光材料的折射率相同。 通过选择性地改变与所选择的周期性布置相邻的热光材料的温度和因此的折射率，所选择的周期性布置形成可以在所选波长范围内调谐的衍射光栅。 通过选择不同的周期性布置，可以选择不同的非重叠波长范围，并且可以在宽范围的波长上调谐激光。
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公开(公告)号：US06393186B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09784825
申请日：2001-02-15
申请人： David A. G. Deacon
发明人： David A. G. Deacon
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02F1/011 , G02B6/1228 , G02B6/30 , G02B6/42 , G02B6/4201 , G02B6/4266 , G02B2006/12119 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , G02F1/3132 , G02F2201/307
摘要： Tunable add-drop and cross connect devices include materials with negative refractive index dependence on temperature and temperature independent coincidence between modes of an athermal ring resonator and a set of specified frequencies, e.g. for DWDM telecommunications channels. The free spectral range may be adjusted to equal a rational fraction of the specified frequency interval. The operating frequency may be selected without substantially tuning the resonator modes by a thermo-optically tuned feedback element having a waveguide pair with differential thermal response. The operating frequency may be induced to hop digitally between the specified frequencies.
摘要翻译： 可调谐插入和交叉连接器件包括具有负折射率的材料，其依赖于温度和温度与无热环形谐振器的模式和一组指定频率之间的独立重合。 用于DWDM电信渠道。 可以将自由光谱范围调整为等于指定频率间隔的有理分数。 可以选择工作频率，而不用通过具有差分热响应的波导对的热光学调谐反馈元件实质上调谐谐振器模式。 可以在指定的频率之间数字地诱导工作频率跳变。
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公开(公告)号：US06293688B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-25
申请号：US09438886
申请日：1999-11-12
申请人： David A. G. Deacon
发明人： David A. G. Deacon
IPC分类号： G02B600
CPC分类号： G02B6/1228 , G02B6/305 , G02B6/42 , G02B6/4206 , G02B2006/12102 , G02B2006/12119
摘要： A tapered waveguide couples optical waveguides of different sizes in a multi-chip optical assembly. In a particular embodiment, a resonator containing a semiconductor diode amplifier is coupled to a planar waveguide structure that optically couples to an optical fiber. A single-mode semiconductor laser waveguide is flip-chip bonded to a substrate and couples to a silica waveguide structure that couples to a single-mode tantala waveguide. In a further embodiment, high-index material is provided in a gap between chips. In another embodiment, polymer material is used in the waveguide structure to modify thermal characteristics of the waveguide structure.
摘要翻译： 锥形波导在多芯片光学组件中耦合不同尺寸的光波导。 在特定实施例中，包含半导体二极管放大器的谐振器耦合到光耦合到光纤的平面波导结构。 单模半导体激光波导被倒装芯片结合到衬底并且耦合到耦合到单模钽箔波导的石英波导结构。 在另一实施例中，高折射率材料设置在芯片之间的间隙中。 在另一个实施例中，在波导结构中使用聚合物材料来改变波导结构的热特性。
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38.发明授权Optoelectronic and photonic devices formed of materials which inhibit degradation and failure 有权由抑制退化和失效的材料形成的光电子和光子器件公开(公告)号：US06236774B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US09274271
申请日：1999-03-22
IPC分类号： G02B610
CPC分类号： G02F1/315 , G02B6/1221 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/1215 , G02B2006/12159 , G02B2006/12164 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , Y10S428/913
摘要： Optoelectronic and photonic devices are formed by employing polymer materials that have a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the nominal operating temperature. By using such materials, the local or segmental mobility is increased so that local stress is eliminated or minimized on the polymer material, making performance more robust. The current invention involves use of a polymer in an optical device in an operating temperature range in the region above Tg, where the polymer segments between crosslinks are allowed local freedom of movement; however, large-scale movement of the material may be restricted by the crosslinked structure of the polymer material. The temperature operation point of a device constructed according to the invention is thus preferably distanced from both the viscoelastic region near Tg and from the glassy region below Tg; such that the device is operated in a region where viscoelastic effects do not significantly affect the materials system, and time-dependent responses of the polymer are minimized or eliminated. Device operation can thus achieve minimum degradation and show improved performance attributes.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有比标称工作温度更低的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的聚合物材料形成光电子和光子器件。 通过使用这种材料，增加了局部或分段的迁移率，使得在聚合物材料上消除或最小化局部应力，使得性能更加坚固。 本发明涉及在高于Tg的区域的工作温度范围内在光学器件中使用聚合物，其中交联之间的聚合物链段允许局部移动自由度; 然而，材料的大规模运动可能受到聚合物材料的交联结构的限制。 因此，根据本发明构造的装置的温度操作点优选地远离Tg附近的粘弹性区域和低于Tg的玻璃状区域; 使得该装置在粘弹性效应不显着影响材料体系的区域中操作，聚合物的时间依赖性响应被最小化或消除。 因此，设备操作可以实现最小的降级并显示改进的性能属性。
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39.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5781670A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-14
申请号：US644769
申请日：1996-05-10
CPC分类号： G02F1/313 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12164 , G02F1/3132 , G02F1/3137 , G02F2201/30 , G02F2201/307 , G02F2203/055
摘要： Optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices use an electric field to control energy propagation using a class of poled structures in solid material in channel dropping filter and splitter applications. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures. Electric fields applied to the poled structures control routing of optical energy. In a particular embodiment, an electrode confronts a solid material and bridges at least two elements of a grating disposed transverse of two waveguide segments and overlaps evanescent fields of optical energy in one of the waveguide segments. A switchable grating consists of a poled material with an alternating domain structure of specific period. In a further embodiment there may be an optically active cladding between a grating and a waveguide. Additional electrodes may be provided for independent tuning of the cladding and the grating structure. When an electric field is applied across the periodic structure, a Bragg grating is formed by the electro-optic effect, reflecting optical radiation with a certain bandwidth around a center wavelength. The grating may be used by itself, or in combination with other gratings to form integrated structures.
摘要翻译： 光能传递装置和能量引导装置使用电场来控制能量传播，使用一类固体材料中的极化结构在通道下落过滤器和分流器应用中。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合。 施加到极化结构的电场控制光能的路由。 在特定实施例中，电极面对固体材料，并且桥接横跨两个波导段的光栅的至少两个元件，并且在波导段之一中重叠光能的瞬逝场。 可切换光栅由具有特定周期的交替畴结构的极化材料组成。 在另一实施例中，在光栅和波导之间可以存在光学活性包层。 可以提供附加电极用于独立调谐包层和光栅结构。 当跨周期结构施加电场时，通过电光效应形成布拉格光栅，以围绕中心波长的一定带宽反射光辐射。 光栅可以自身使用，也可以与其他光栅组合使用以形成集成结构。
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公开(公告)号：US5630004A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US303847
申请日：1994-09-09
CPC分类号： G02F1/011 , G02F1/035 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/03 , G02F1/3132 , G02F1/3137 , G02F2201/30 , G02F2201/307
摘要： A new class of energy interaction devices, particularly optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices, use an energy field, particularly an electric field, applied to a poled structure to control energy propagation in a solid material. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures to guide energy beams such as optical or acoustic beams. Electric fields applied to the poled structures, such as electrically-activated gratings, control routing of optical energy. Optical devices include but are not limited to, frequency-selective switchable- and adjustably-tunable reflectors, splitters, directional couplers, frequency-tunable switches and efficient beam combiners, as well as polarized beam combiners, am and fm modulators, mode selectors, energy transfer devices, optical data readers, panel display devices, and waveguide/reflector switching arrays. Variable reflectivity in a grating and adjustable tunability is obtained by a poled structure under the influence of an adjustable field, producing a spatial gradient in an adjustable propagation velocity in the solid material.
摘要翻译： 一类新的能量相互作用装置，特别是光能转移装置和能量引导装置，使用施加到极化结构的能量场，特别是电场来控制固体材料中的能量传播。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合以引导诸如光学或声波束的能量束。 施加到极化结构的电场，例如电激活光栅，控制光能的路由。 光学器件包括但不限于频率选择性可切换和可调谐可调谐的反射器，分离器，定向耦合器，频率可调开关和有效的光束组合器，以及偏振光束组合器，am和fm调制器，模式选择器，能量 传输设备，光学数据读取器，面板显示设备和波导/反射器开关阵列。 光栅中的可变反射率和可调节的可调性通过极化结构在可调节场的影响下获得，从而产生固体材料中可调传播速度的空间梯度。
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