摘要:
A method of processing a substrate having a transparent conductive oxide disposed thereon, including: exposing the substrate to a first cleaning solution comprising hydrogen peroxide and ammonium citrate; exposing the substrate to a second cleaning solution having a pH within a range from about 6 to about 7, the second cleaning solution different than the first cleaning solution; agitating the second cleaning solution; and depositing a silicon-containing film on the transparent conductive oxide.
摘要:
A thermal processing apparatus and method in which a first laser source, for example, a CO2 emitting at 10.6 μm is focused onto a silicon wafer as a line beam and a second laser source, for example, a GaAs laser bar emitting at 808 nm is focused onto the wafer as a larger beam surrounding the line beam. The two beams are scanned in synchronism in the direction of the narrow dimension of the line beam to create a narrow heating pulse from the line beam when activated by the larger beam. The energy of GaAs radiation is greater than the silicon bandgap energy and creates free carriers. The energy of the CO2 radiation is less than the silicon bandgap energy so silicon is otherwise transparent to it, but the long wavelength radiation is absorbed by the free carriers.
摘要:
A plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process deposits an amorphous carbon layer on an ion-implanted wafer for use in dynamic surface annealing of the wafer with an intense line beam of a laser wavelength. The deposition process is carried out at a wafer temperature below the dopant clustering threshold temperature, and includes introducing the wafer into a chamber having a carbon-containing target overlying the wafer, and furnishing a carrier gas into the chamber. The process further includes generating a wafer bias voltage and applying target source power to the carbon-containing target sufficient to produce ion bombardment of the carbon-containing target. The wafer bias voltage is set to a level at which the amorphous carbon layer that is deposited has a desired extinction coefficient at the laser wavelength.
摘要:
A thermal processing apparatus and method in which a first laser source, for example, a CO2 emitting at 10.6 μm is focused onto a silicon wafer as a line beam and a second laser source, for example, a GaAs laser bar emitting at 808 nm is focused onto the wafer as a larger beam surrounding the line beam. The two beams are scanned in synchronism in the direction of the narrow dimension of the line beam to create a narrow heating pulse from the line beam when activated by the larger beam. The energy of GaAs radiation is greater than the silicon bandgap energy and creates free carriers. The energy of the CO2 radiation is less than the silicon bandgap energy so silicon is otherwise transparent to it, but the long wavelength radiation is absorbed by the free carriers.
摘要:
A dynamic surface anneal apparatus for annealing a semiconductor workpiece has a workpiece support for supporting a workpiece, an optical source and scanning apparatus for scanning the optical source and the workpiece support relative to one another along a fast axis. The optical source includes an array of laser emitters arranged generally in successive rows of the emitters, the rows being transverse to the fast axis. Plural collimating lenslets overlie respective ones of the rows of emitters and provide collimation along the fast axis. The selected lenslets have one or a succession of optical deflection angles corresponding to beam deflections along the fast axis for respective rows of emitters. Optics focus light from the array of laser emitters onto a surface of the workpiece to form a succession of line beams transverse to the fast axis spaced along the fast axis in accordance with the succession of deflection angles.
摘要:
A method of forming transistors on a wafer includes forming gates over gate insulators on a surface of the wafer and ion implanting dopant impurity atoms into the wafer to form source and drain regions aligned on opposite sides of each gate. The wafer is then annealed by pre-heating the bulk of the wafer to an elevated temperature over 350 degrees C. but below a temperature at which the dopant atoms tend to cluster. Meanwhile, an intense line beam is produced having a narrow dimension along a fast axis from an array of coherent CW lasers of a selected wavelength. This line beam is scanned across the surface of the heated wafer along the direction of the fast axis, so as to heat, up to a peak surface temperature near a melting temperature of the wafer, a moving localized region on the surface of the wafer having (a) a width corresponding to the narrow beam width and (b) an extremely shallow below-surface depth. During the scanning step, the surface state density at the interface between the semiconductor material and the gate insulator is minimized by continuing to maintain the temperature of the bulk of the wafer outside of the moving localized region at said elevated temperature, while maintaining the rate at which the line beam is scanned along the fast axis at a rate in excess of 300 mm/sec.
摘要:
The time between illumination of adjacent zones of a workpiece edge is extended by a long cool-down period or delay, by interlacing a radiation beam scanning pattern. During the cool-down period, the beam successively scans (along the fast axis) two rows separated by about half the wafer diameter, and travels back and then forth (along the slow axis) across the distance between the two rows, while the radiation beam source continuously generates the beam.
摘要:
A thermal processing apparatus and method in which a first laser source, for example, a CO2 emitting at 10.6 μm is focused onto a silicon wafer as a line beam and a second laser source, for example, a GaAs laser bar emitting at 808 nm is focused onto the wafer as a larger beam surrounding the line beam. The two beams are scanned in synchronism in the direction of the narrow dimension of the line beam to create a narrow heating pulse from the line beam when activated by the larger beam. The energy of GaAs radiation is greater than the silicon bandgap energy and creates free carriers. The energy of the CO2 radiation is less than the silicon bandgap energy so silicon is otherwise transparent to it, but the long wavelength radiation is absorbed by the free carriers.
摘要:
A plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process deposits an amorphous carbon layer on an ion-implanted wafer for use in dynamic surface annealing of the wafer with an intense line beam of a laser wavelength. The deposition process is carried out at a wafer temperature below the dopant clustering threshold temperature, and includes introducing the wafer into a chamber and furnishing a hydrocarbon process gas into the chamber, preferably propylene (C3H6) or toluene (C7H8) or acetylene (C2H2) or a mixture of acetylene and methane (C2H4). The process further includes inductively coupling RF plasma source power into the chamber while and applying RF plasma bias power to the wafer. The wafer bias voltage is set to a level at which the amorphous carbon layer that is deposited has a desired stress (compressive or tensile). We have discovered that at a wafer temperature less than or equal to 475 degrees C., total RF plasma source power of 4000 Watts at about 2 MHz, RF plasma bias power of 2000-3000 Watts at about 13.56 MHz and a chamber pressure in a range of 3 mTorr to 2 Torr, the deposited amorphous carbon layer has a surprising combination of high absorption and high strength and excellent step coverage.
摘要翻译:等离子体增强的物理气相沉积工艺在离子注入晶片上沉积无定形碳层,用于具有激光波长的强线束的晶片的动态表面退火。 沉积工艺在低于掺杂剂聚集阈值温度的晶片温度下进行,并且包括将晶片引入室中并将烃工艺气体提供到室中,优选丙烯(C 3 H 6)或甲苯(C 7 H 8)或乙炔(C 2 H 2) 或乙炔和甲烷(C2H4)的混合物。 该方法还包括将RF等离子体源功率感应耦合到腔室中,同时将RF等离子体偏置功率施加到晶片。 将晶片偏置电压设定为沉积的无定形碳层具有期望的应力(压缩或拉伸)的水平。 我们已经发现,在晶片温度小于或等于475摄氏度的情况下,在大约2MHz处的4000瓦特的RF射频等离子体源功率,在约13.56MHz的RF等离子体等离子体功率为2000-3000瓦, 3mTorr至2Torr的范围,沉积的非晶碳层具有高吸收和高强度以及优异的台阶覆盖的令人惊奇的组合。
摘要:
A thermal processing system includes a source of laser radiation emitting at a laser wavelength, beam projection optics disposed between the reflective surface and a substrate support capable of holding a substrate to be processed, a pyrometer responsive to a pyrometer wavelength, and a wavelength responsive optical element having a first optical path for light in a first wavelength range including the laser wavelength, the first optical path being between the source of laser radiation and the beam projection optics, and a second optical path for light in a second wavelength range including the pyrometer wavelength, the second optical path being between the beam projection optics and the pyrometer. The system can further include a pyrometer wavelength blocking filter between the source of laser radiation and the wavelength responsive optical element.