Abstract:
A DTV transmitting system includes an encoder, a randomizer, a block processor, a group formatter, a deinterleaver, and a packet formatter. The encoder codes enhanced data for error correction, permutes the coded data, and further codes the permuted data for error detection. The randomizer randomizes the coded enhanced data, and the block processor codes the randomized data at an effective coding rate of 1/H. The group formatter forms a group of enhanced data having data regions, and inserts the coded enhanced data into at least one of the data regions. The deinterleaver deinterleaves the group of enhanced data, and the packet formatter formats the deinterleaved data into corresponding data bytes.
Abstract:
A receiving system and a method of processing data are disclosed herein. The receiving system a signal receiving unit, a known sequence detector, a first equalization unit, a second equalization unit, a block decoder, and an error correction unit. The signal receiving unit receives a broadcast signal including a data group multiplexed mobile service data with a plurality of known data sequences. The known sequence detector detects known data sequences from the broadcast signal. The first equalization unit updates an equalization coefficient by using the known data sequence during the known data section, thereby primarily channel-equalizing the known data sequence. The second equalization unit interpolates or extrapolates a converging equalization coefficient, thereby secondarily channel-equalizing the mobile service data, when the equalization coefficient converge. The block decoder performs turbo-decoding on the channel-equalized mobile service data in block units. And, the error correction unit performs error correction decoder on the decoded mobile service data, thereby correcting errors generated in the mobile service data.
Abstract:
A tray for displaying products in a bakery is disclosed. The tray for displaying products in a bakery includes: a display plate having a holder formed at an end portion thereof; and a perforated plate placed on an upper side of the display plate, wherein the display plate includes side plates on front, rear, left, and right sides thereof so that the perforated plate is seated on the upper side of the display plate, to form a space for accommodating the perforated plate, and at least one of the side plates on the front and rear sides of the display plate is provided with a holder in which a name card is to be inserted.
Abstract:
A method of operating an image sensor includes generating a plurality of ramping up/down signals, and comparing a correlated double sampled pixel signal produced from an output of a pixel with a correlated double sampled first ramping up/down signal among the plurality of ramping up/down signals in a reset interval. The method further includes comparing the correlated double sampled pixel signal with the correlated double sampled first ramping up/down signal at one sampling time or more in an image interval, and a step of outputting a selected ramping up/down signal among the plurality of ramping up/down signals based on a result of the comparison.
Abstract:
According to one embodiment, a transmitting system includes: a randomizer for randomizing mobile service data; a processor for Serial Concatenated Convolutional Coding (SCCC) outer-encoding the randomized mobile service data; a first formatter for forming a first data group including the SCCC outer-encoded mobile service data; a deinterleaver for deinterleaving data of the first data group to output a second data group comprising data packets including a portion of the deinterleaved data, wherein the data packets are spaced at least one data packet apart; and a trellis encoder for trellis encoding the deinterleaved data.
Abstract:
A method of determining the water content of ethanol for an FFV and correcting fuel quantity based on the water content, which verifies whether an oxygen sensor is normal or abnormal, and it is determined whether ethanol learning conditions have been satisfied. It is determined whether learned concentration of ethanol is 100%. If the oxygen sensor is normal, the ethanol learning conditions are satisfied, and the ethanol concentration is 100%, it is determined that water is contained in the ethanol if a quantity of fuel learned by the oxygen sensor is greater than a predetermined reference value. If it is determined that water is contained in the ethanol, water content corresponding to the learned quantity of fuel is calculated from a map of water contents correlated with learned fuel quantities.
Abstract:
A hose clamp includes: a clamp body having a plurality of screw holes passing therethrough; a coupling housing disposed at one side of the clamp body and into which an opposite side of the clamp body is inserted; and a coupling screw rotatably disposed in the coupling housing and engaged with the screw holes of the clamp body inserted within the coupling housing, wherein the clamp body includes a compensating means including at least one compensation bead formed at one side of the clamp body for resiliently fastening a hose by a degree by which a diameter of the hose is decreased so as to firmly tighten the hose. The hose clamp can prevent the compensation means from being deformed over the resilient area, so that the compensation means is not deformed over the resilient area.
Abstract:
A method of processing digital broadcast data in a digital broadcast transmitter includes performing Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding and Cyclic Redundancy Check encoding on mobile service data to build an RS frame; dividing the RS frame into a plurality of portions; mapping one of the plurality of portions into a first data group and inserting known data sequences, transmission parameters, place holders for non-systematic RS parity data, place holders for main service data, and place holders for MPEG header data into the first data group; deinterleaving data of the first data group to output a second data group; and removing the place holders for non-systematic RS parity data and the place holders for main service data in the second data group and replacing the place holders for MPEG header data in the second data group with MPEG header data to output mobile service data packets.
Abstract:
A digital television receiving system includes a frame encoder, a data randomizing and expanding unit, a group formatter, a block processor, a deinterleaver, and a multiplexer. The frame encoder encodes an enhanced data frame for error correction. The data randomizing and expanding unit randomizes the encoded enhanced data and expands the randomized enhanced data. The group formatter forms a group of enhanced data having head, body, and tail regions and inserts the expanded data and transmission parameters into the body region. The block processor codes the group of enhanced data, and the deinterleaver deinterleaves the coded enhanced data. The packet formatter formats the deinterleaved enhanced data into enhanced data packets.
Abstract:
A digital broadcasting system and a data processing method are disclosed. The data processing method includes receiving a broadcast signal in which main service data and mobile service data are multiplexed, demodulating the broadcast signal to acquire fast-information-channel signaling information including reference time information for a system clock, and outputting demodulation time information of a specific position of a frame of the broadcast signal, decoding the fast-information-channel signaling information, and establishing the reference time information as the system clock at a demodulation time according to on the outputted demodulation time information and decoding the mobile service data according to the system clock.