摘要:
The present invention intends to improve the accuracy of temperature measurement when measuring the temperature of a semiconductor wafer by a radiation thermometer on the basis of the idea of virtual blackbody simulated by multiple reflection of light. A system includes a wafer (W), a circular reflector 1 of a radius R disposed opposite to the wafer (W), and a probe (2) disposed in a through hole formed in the reflector (1). The probe (2) is a through hole. The radiation intensity of radiation passed the through hole is determined by image data provided by a CCD camera disposed behind the back surface of the reflector (1). An error in measured radiation intensity of radiation falling the probe (2) due to light that enters a space between the wafer (W) and the reflector (1) and a space between the reflector (1) and the probe (2) and light leaks from the same spaces is corrected, the emissivity of the wafer (W) is calculated and the temperature of the wafer (W) is determined.
摘要:
A dust-collecting device for a vacuum cleaner comprising a dust-collecting case which is fitted into a suction path extending from a suction nozzle to a motor fan and from which accumulated dust can be discharged by opening a bottom lid of the dust-collecting case, and a cylindrical filter fitted into the dust-collecting case. The filter is arranged to be rotatable, a spiral rib is formed at an outer periphery of the filter, and the device is equipped with a rotating means for rotating the filter. Dust which cannot be discharge by its own weight since it is in a compressed state can be pushed out through the spiral rib formed on the outer periphery of the filter by rotating the filter, so that dust accumulated within the dust-collecting case in a compressed state can be easily discharged.
摘要:
A control system for an automatic transmission, which is capable of controlling the hydraulic pressures for frictional engagement units when a predetermined shift is performed such that a first frictional engagement unit is engaged and a second frictional engagement unit is released, being connected to a power source, the revolving speed of which is temporarily raised when a predetermined shift down is performed, the control unit for the automatic transmission for a vehicle being structured such that shift which is performed by engaging and releasing the two frictional engagement units is judged, whether the judged shift is shift down in which the revolving speed of the power source is temporarily raised or shift down in which the revolving speed of the power source is not raised is judged, and the contents of control of the hydraulic pressures for the frictional engagement units are changed between shift down in which the revolving speed of the power source is temporarily raised and shift down in which the revolving speed of the power source is not raised.
摘要:
A driving device, which drives a display section that consists of a plurality of liquid crystal display elements that are connected to signal lines and scanning lines and that are disposed in the form of matrix, includes a scanning-line driver, a signal-line driver, and a compensating device. The scanning-line driver is for releasing to the scanning lines a scanning signal for selecting the scanning lines successively. The signal-line drive is for releasing to the signal lines a display signal for displaying images in synchronism with the scanning signal. Finally, the compensating device which, during a compensating period that follows a display period during which display signals corresponding to one picture are transmitted to the signal lines, applies to each liquid crystal display element a compensating voltage or compensating pulses that is capable of cancelling a lowering in an effective value of a driving voltage for the liquid crystal display elements during the display period. With this arrangement, since the lowering of the effective value of the driving voltage is cancelled, it becomes possible to display liquid crystal images in high quality.
摘要:
A signal transmitting apparatus using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing includes an inverse fast Fourier transform circuit for converting a digital information signal into a first multi-value QAM modulation signal. A guard interval setting circuit is operative for periodically generating a guard interval signal equal to a time segment of the first multi-value QAM modulation signal, and inserting the guard interval signal into the first multi-value QAM modulation signal to convert the first multi-value QAM modulation signal into a second multi-value QAM modulation signal. A clock signal generating circuit is operative for generating a first clock signal which drives the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, and generating a second dock signal which drives the guard interval setting circuit. The inverse fast Fourier transform circuit includes a device for generating a pilot signal which corresponds to a given-order carrier, and adding the pilot signal to the first multi-value QAM modulation signal. The pilot signal has a predetermined frequency and an angle modulation component which remains constant over a plurality of symbol periods. The pilot signal corresponding to a given integer times its wavelength or a given odd number times its half wavelength is present in a guard interval occupied by the guard interval signal in the second multi-value QAM modulation signal. The pilot signal is continuously present over the guard interval and another interval.
摘要:
A hydraulic control system for an automatic transmission includes a regulator valve in a hydraulic circuit for supplying pressure to a servo of a frictional engagement element. The regulator valve has an input port, an output port and a drain port. A valve member of the regulator valve includes a pressure receiving area fed with a feedback pressure from the portion of the hydraulic circuit between the regulator valve and the servo, and another pressure receiving area selectively fed with pressure from a signal pressure source. A further pressure receiving area, having a surface area different from the another pressure receiving area, is constantly fed pressure from the signal pressure source.
摘要:
A sealing structure for bumps on a semiconductor integrated circuit chip to be bonded through the bumps onto a circuit board is provided wherein a plurality of pads are formed on the semiconductor integrated circuit chip. Each of the pads is formed with a bump thereon. A coating material is provided to coat at least surfaces of the above a plurality of bumps. The material is made of an insulation material having a hardness sufficiently small for showing, when bonding the chip onto the circuit board, a deformation thereby at least a top portion of each of the bumps is made contact with pads provided on the circuit board.
摘要:
The invention provides a package with an improved semiconductor device heat transfer structure including a semiconductor integrated circuit chip mounted on a substrate, a package for receiving the semiconductor integrated circuit chips mounted on the substrate, a radiator being attached to the package for radiation of a heat to an exterior and for sealing the package and a foil which made of a heat conductive material has corrugations having top portions in contact with the chip and bottom portions in contact with the radiator for transferring the heat from the semiconductor integrated circuit chip to the radiator.
摘要:
In order to prevent the movement of a lock member for locking the front lid of a tape cassette, during assembly of the upper and lower half cases, the lock member is provided with two fitting positions including a first fitting member which fits into a corresponding complementary recess in the lower half case and a second fitting member which engages a corresponding step portion formed in the lower half case to effectively lock the lock member in place before assembly of the cassette.
摘要:
A method and an apparatus for controlling a vehicle automatic transmission which has a plurality of selectively established gear positions and is shifted to and temporarily held in a predetermined one of the gear positions other than the lowest-gear position, upon operation of a shift lever from its neutral position to one of drive positions, if a predetermined condition is satisfied within a preset time period after the shift lever operation. The transmission is generally shifted down to the lowest-gear position after it is held in the predetermined one gear position. This anti-squat shifting of the transmission responsive to the shift lever operation from the neutral position, contributes to reduction in the shifting shock and prevention of squatting of the tail or stern of the vehicle when the shift lever is moved from the neutral position to a drive position such as DRIVE, SECOND or LOW, in which the transmission is selectively placed in the two or more gear positions (e.g., 1st-gear, 2nd-gear, and 3rd-gear positions).