公开(公告)号：US07525101B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-28

申请号：US11442638

申请日：2006-05-26

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01T3/06

CPC分类号： G01T3/06 ,  G01T1/2018

摘要： An apparatus for selective radiation detection includes a neutron detector that facilitates detection of neutron emitters, e.g. plutonium, and the like; a gamma ray detector that facilitates detection of gamma ray sources, e.g., uranium, and the like. The apparatus comprises a first light guide, optically coupled to a first optical detector; a second light guide, optically coupled to a second optical detector a sheet of neutron scintillator, opaque for incoming optical photons, said sheet of neutron scintillator sandwiched between the first and the second light guides. The second light guide comprises a gamma ray scintillator material.

摘要翻译： 用于选择性辐射检测的装置包括中子探测器，其有助于检测中子发射器，例如， 钚等; 有助于检测伽马射线源（例如铀等）的伽马射线检测器。 该装置包括光学耦合到第一光学检测器的第一光导; 第二光导，光耦合到第二光学检测器，一片中子闪烁体，对于入射的光子光不透明，所述中子闪烁体片夹在第一和第二光导之间。 第二光导包括伽马射线闪烁体材料。

公开(公告)号：US20090067572A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-12

申请号：US12205678

申请日：2008-09-05

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  John Pesce

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  John Pesce

IPC分类号： G01N23/223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： A method, instrument, and computer program software product for characterizing a sample with respect to the presence of a specified element, either as a constituent of a surface layer or of the bulk of the sample. Intensities of fluorescent emission at two characteristic emission lines are compared to establish whether the specified element is disposed above the bulk of the sample. In the case where the specified element is disposed above the bulk of the sample, an areal density of the specified element is determined, whereas in the case where the specified element is disposed within the bulk of the sample, a volumetric concentration of the specified element within the sample is determined.

摘要翻译： 用于表征样品相对于指定元素的存在的方法，仪器和计算机程序软件产品，作为表面层或样品的主体的组成部分。 比较两个特征发射线处的荧光发射强度，以确定指定元素是否位于样品的大部分之上。 在将特定元素设置在样本体上方的情况下，确定特定元素的面密度，而在将特定元素设置在样本体内的情况下，指定元素的体积浓度 在样品内确定。

公开(公告)号：US20080259330A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-23

申请号：US12106233

申请日：2008-04-18

申请人： Robert Dillon ,  Lee Grodzins ,  Stephanie Melikian

发明人： Robert Dillon ,  Lee Grodzins ,  Stephanie Melikian

IPC分类号： G01J3/443

CPC分类号： G01J3/443 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01N21/718

摘要： Multiple energy sources, such as a laser and electrical current, are employed, in close coordination, spatially and temporally, to clean a sample, vaporize its material and excite vapor atoms for the purpose of atomic emission spectroscopy. These methods permit better monitoring and control of the individual processes in real time, lead to higher consistency and higher quality optical emission spectra, and enhance the measurements of non-conducting solids, liquids and gases. Additionally, a portable instrument is provided with both laser source and spectrometer optically coupled to a hand-holdable unit.

摘要翻译： 在诸如激光和电流之间的多个能源，在空间和时间上紧密协调地被采用以清洁样品，汽化其材料并激发蒸气原子以用于原子发射光谱。 这些方法允许实时更好地监测和控制各个过程，从而提高一致性和更高质量的光发射光谱，并增强非导电固体，液体和气体的测量。 此外，便携式仪器具有与手持式单元光学耦合的激光源和光谱仪。

公开(公告)号：US20080095319A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-24

申请号：US11681828

申请日：2007-03-05

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

IPC分类号： G21K5/02

CPC分类号： G21K1/06 ,  G01N2223/316 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  H01J2235/08

摘要： A method for obtaining a concentrated, monochromatic x-ray beam from a standard x-ray tube or other source of polychromatic emission. X-rays from the anode of the x-ray tube fluoresce an adjoining, independent target that produces a monochromatic spectrum, a portion of which is focused by the x-ray optical system. This two-stage method gives the system considerably versatility without undue loss in signal. The two-stage concentrator makes practical the use of focusing optics in hand-held and portable instruments.

摘要翻译： 用于从标准X射线管或其他多色发射源获得浓缩的单色X射线束的方法。 来自X射线管的阳极的X射线发出相邻的独立目标，产生单色光谱，其一部分由x射线光学系统聚焦。 这种两阶段的方法使得系统具有很大的通用性，而不会在信号中造成不必要的损失。 两级聚光器使手持和便携式仪器中的聚焦光学器件成为可能。

公开(公告)号：US07010094B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-07

申请号：US10161037

申请日：2002-05-31

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  Roderick D. Swift

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  Roderick D. Swift

IPC分类号： G21K1/02

CPC分类号： G01N23/02 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01V5/0016 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0041 ,  G21K5/10

摘要： A system and method for inspecting an object, the system and method comprising a source for generating a penetrating radiation beam for irradiating the object, the beam having, for each instant of time, an instantaneous energy spectrum of intensity, a shaper for modulating the generated beam, thereby creating a shaped beam, the shaper comprising at least a first section and a second section, the first section attenuating the intensity of a portion of the generated beam by a first attenuation factor and the second section attenuating the intensity of another portion of the generated beam by a second attenuation factor, and at least one detector for detecting the shaped beam after the shaped beam interacts with the object. The source may scan a beam across an object while the source and at least one detector are moving on a platform capable of highway travel or on an inspection module movable with respect to the object.

公开(公告)号：US06765986B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10067683

申请日：2002-02-04

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： An x-ray fluorescence analyzer and method. The analyzer and method use a single radio-active source, such as, 241Am to determine the composition of a metal alloy or precious metal. The method compensates for Rayleigh scattering by first determining a scaling factor using a particular energy line in the spectrum of the test material and comparing that line to the same energy line for a pure metal. Based on the scaling factor the energy spectrum for the pure is compensated and then subtracted from the energy spectrum of the test material at discrete points.

摘要翻译： X射线荧光分析仪及方法。 分析仪和方法使用单个放射性活性源，例如<241> Am来确定金属合金或贵金属的组成。 该方法通过首先使用测试材料的光谱中的特定能量线确定比例因子并将该线与纯金属的相同能量线进行比较来补偿瑞利散射。 基于缩放因子，纯化的能谱被补偿，然后从离散点处的测试材料的能谱中减去。

公开(公告)号：US06249567B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-19

申请号：US09395331

申请日：1999-09-13

申请人： Peter Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

发明人： Peter Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23201

CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01V5/0041

摘要： An inspection system for inspecting a vehicle moving at a grade of travel over a surface and for detecting material disposed within or on the underside of the vehicle. The system has a source for providing a generally upward or downward pointing beam of penetrating radiation of specified cross-section so as to illuminate vehicles driven above or below the source of radiation. A detector arrangement, disposed below the grade of travel, detects radiation from the beam scattered by any material disposed on the underside of the moving vehicle and generates a scattered radiation signal that may be used for characterizing the material disposed on the underside of the vehicle. Similarly, a detector arrangement disposed above the vehicle generates a scattered radiation signal that may be used for characterizing the material disposed within the vehicle.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检查在表面上行进等级移动的车辆的检查系统，并且用于检测设置在车辆内侧或之下的材料。 该系统具有用于提供特定横截面的穿透辐射的大致向上或向下指向的光束的源，以照亮驱动在辐射源上方或下方的车辆。 设置在行驶级别之下的检测器装置检测由设置在移动车辆的下侧上的任何材料散射的光束的辐射，并产生可用于表征设置在车辆下侧上的材料的散射辐射信号。 类似地，设置在车辆上方的检测器装置产生可用于表征车辆中布置的材料的散射辐射信号。

公开(公告)号：US06192101B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

申请号：US09136541

申请日：1998-08-19

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01B1502

CPC分类号： G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring, in a non-invasive manner, the individual mass of objects in containers by means of x-ray transmission radiography in which a beam of penetrating radiation is sent through the container and the transmitted intensity for those photons that interact dominantly via the Compton effect are measured. The masses of the objects in the container are measured with respect to the mass of known objects determined in independent or concurrent measurements.

摘要翻译： 一种用于以非侵入方式测量容器中的物体的单个质量的装置和方法，其通过X射线透射摄影法，其中穿透辐射束穿过容器并且与那些相互作用的那些光子的透射强度 主要通过康普顿效应进行测量。 相对于在独立或并行测量中确定的已知物体的质量来测量容器中物体的质量。

公开(公告)号：US6067344A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

申请号：US203793

申请日：1998-12-01

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Suzhou Huang ,  William Wade Sapp ,  William Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Suzhou Huang ,  William Wade Sapp ,  William Adams

IPC分类号： G01N23/02 ,  G21K5/10 ,  H05G1/44 ,  H05G1/46 ,  H05G1/54

CPC分类号： H05G1/44 ,  G01N23/02 ,  G21K5/10 ,  H05G1/46

摘要： A method for modulating the intensity of an x-ray beam in an x-ray inspection system so as to maintain the highest penetration power and optimum image quality subject to keeping the ambient radiation generated by the x-rays below a specified standard.

摘要翻译： 一种用于调制X射线检查系统中的X射线束的强度的方法，以保持最高穿透力和最佳图像质量，以保持由x射线产生的环境辐射低于指定标准。

公开(公告)号：US5696806A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-09

申请号：US613492

申请日：1996-03-11

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Charles G. Parson

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Charles G. Parson

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/201

CPC分类号： G01N23/046 ,  G01N23/20083 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： A method is disclosed for obtaining the density distributions of three-dimensional elements that compose objects or groups of objects, by examining the objects with beams of x-rays or gamma radiation that are transmitted through the object in a plurality of approximately parallel paths and measuring the intensity of the radiation, scattered approximately perpendicular to the parallel paths, in arrays of detectors around the object. The energy of the x-rays or gamma rays is such that dominant interaction in the object is Compton scattering. The density of each element is determined from the totality of measurements by standard mathematical tomographic or relaxation techniques of data manipulation.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过用多个近似平行的路径透过物体的x射线或伽马射线束检测物体来获得构成物体或物体组的三维元件的密度分布的方法，并测量 在物体周围的检测器阵列中辐射的强度大致垂直于平行路径散射。 X射线或γ射线的能量使得物体中的主要相互作用是康普顿散射。 每个元素的密度由数据操纵的标准数学断层扫描或放松技术的测量总数确定。