摘要:
The invention discloses a cylinder head of a small-sized general-purpose gasoline engine and a gasoline engine having the same. The cylinder head of the small-sized general-purpose gasoline engine comprises a cylinder head body (1), and an intake passage (9), an exhaust passage (5) and a sparking plug mounting hole (8) arranged on the cylinder head body (1); a combustion chamber surface (7), being a arched smooth curve, is formed at the inner side of the cylinder head body (1); the cylinder head body (1) is provided with an intake valve (11) corresponding to the intake passage (9) and an exhaust valve (4) corresponding to the exhaust passage (5); the intake valve (11) is inclined towards the intake passage (9) from the bottom part to the top part; the exhaust valve (4) is inclined towards the exhaust passage (5) from the bottom part to the top part; and the included angle between the axis of the intake valve (11) and the axis of the exhaust valve (4) is 24±5 degrees. In the invention, the parameters between the combustion chamber and the intake valve as well as the exhaust valve are inter-coordinated and matched, the operation efficiency of the gasoline engine is improved, the fuel is saved, and the discharge is reduced.
摘要:
A porous ceramic honeycomb filter manufactured from an oxide-based ceramic material having a pore size distribution with d1≧7.0 microns. Preferably, the oxide-based material is cordierite or aluminum titanate. Alternatively, the filter contains a cordierite-containing ceramic body with a narrow pore size distribution with db≦1.00, wherein db=(d90−d10)/d50. Also disclosed is a batch mixture, method and honeycomb green body made from mixture of inorganic source materials selected from the group of magnesia sources, alumina sources, and silica sources, and a pore former having a narrow particle size distribution with dps≦0.90, wherein dps={(dp90−dp10)/dp50}. The pore former is preferably selected from a group consisting of canna starch, sago palm starch, green mung bean starch, and single-mode potato starch.
摘要:
A system and method including a radially non-uniformly plugged flow-through honeycomb substrate positioned upstream of a wall-flow particulate filter for controlled thermal regeneration of the wall-flow particulate filter. The flow-through honeycomb substrate has an inlet face and an outlet face and a plurality of longitudinal walls extending between the inlet face and the outlet face. The longitudinal walls define a plurality of parallel channels extending between the inlet face and the outlet face. The honeycomb substrate has a flow-through region including a first portion of the parallel channels and a flow-control region including a second portion of the parallel channels. The first portion of the parallel channels includes unplugged channels and the second portion of the parallel channels includes plugged channels. The flow-control region adjusts flow distribution through the substrate such that flow having a first flow distribution received at the inlet face emerges at the outlet face with a second flow distribution, different than the first flow distribution.
摘要:
A method of treating a substrate for immobilizing a biomolecule and substrates produced by the method are disclosed. The method includes contacting at least a portion of a substrate with a reducing agent such as a hydride. Treatment with an appropriate reducing agent substantially eliminates autofluorescence on substrates.
摘要:
A sensor for measuring the non-methane HC concentration of gas sample, e.g., automotive exhaust gas, the sensor comprises a sensor base, capable of producing a output signal representative of the exothermic effect of the hydrocarbon species in the gas sample. The sensor base has disposed on, and integral with, its surface, a porous selective oxidation catalyst layer comprising capable of selectively oxidizing a combination of CO+H2+alkene species in the gas sample and leaving unoxidized the alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons. The sensor base further includes a first supported resistance temperature device which has disposed thereon a total oxidation catalyst layer capable of oxidizing the remaining alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon species in the gas sample, and a non-catalyzed second resistance temperature device.
摘要翻译:用于测量气体样品(例如汽车废气)的非甲烷HC浓度的传感器包括传感器基座,能够产生代表气体样品中烃类物质的放热效应的输出信号。 传感器基座已经设置在其表面上并与其表面成一体,多孔选择氧化催化剂层包括能够选择性地氧化气体样品中的CO + H 2 +烯烃组合并留下未氧化的烷烃和芳族烃。 传感器基座还包括第一支撑电阻温度装置,其在其上设置有能够氧化气体样品中剩余的烷烃和芳族烃物质的总氧化催化剂层和非催化的第二电阻温度装置。
摘要:
A system for measuring the non-methane HC concentration of gas sample, e.g. automotive exhaust gas, comprising first and second catalytic differential calorimetric sensors. The first catalytic differential calorimetric sensor is capable of producing a first output signal representative of the exothermic effect of the oxidation of the predominate oxidizable species (CO+H.sub.2 +non-methane HC combination) in the gas sample. The second catalytic differential calorimetric sensor is capable of producing a second output signal representative of the exothermic effect of the combined oxidation of the CO+H.sub.2 +alkene hydrocarbon species in the gas sample. Lastly, the system includes a means for comparing the first output signal with the second output signal, thereby indicating the total concentration of unburned aromatic and alkane hydrocarbon species in the gas sample which directly correlates to the total non-methane HC concentration. A method carried out by the system comprises the following steps: (a) contacting a first portion of an exhaust gas with a sensor and producing an output signal representative of the concentration of the predominate (CO+H.sub.2 +non-methane HC species) oxidizable species in the exhaust gas; (b) contacting a second portion of the exhaust gas with a second sensor and producing a second output signal representative of the combined concentration of CO+H.sub.2 +alkene hydrocarbon species in the second exhaust gas portion; and (c) determining the aromatic and alkane hydrocarbon species concentration, and thus the total non-methane HC concentration, of the exhaust gas by comparing the first output signal with the second output signal.
摘要翻译:用于测量气体样品的非甲烷HC浓度的系统,例如, 汽车废气,包括第一和第二催化差示量热传感器。 第一催化差示量热传感器能够产生代表气体样品中主要可氧化物质(CO + H 2 +非甲烷HC组合)的氧化的放热效应的第一输出信号。 第二催化差示量热传感器能够产生代表气体样品中CO + H 2 +烯烃类物质的组合氧化的放热效应的第二输出信号。 最后,该系统包括用于将第一输出信号与第二输出信号进行比较的装置,从而指示气体样品中未燃烧的芳族和烷烃类物质与总非甲烷HC浓度直接相关的总浓度。 由系统执行的方法包括以下步骤:(a)使废气的第一部分与传感器接触,并产生代表主要(CO + H 2 +非甲烷HC物质)可氧化的浓度的输出信号 废气中的物质; (b)使排气的第二部分与第二传感器接触,并产生代表第二废气部分中CO + H 2 +烯烃烃物质的组合浓度的第二输出信号; 和(c)通过将第一输出信号与第二输出信号进行比较来确定废气中的芳烃和烷烃烃类浓度,从而确定废气的总非甲烷HC总浓度。
摘要:
Disclosed are cordierite bodies having relatively high porosity and controlled pore size. The porous cordierite bodies generally include a primary cordierite ceramic phase as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods for making and using the cordierite bodies.
摘要:
The invention discloses an air-cooling cylinder head of a gasoline engine and a gasoline engine. The air-cooling cylinder head of a gasoline engine comprises a cylinder head main body (1), and an intake passage (3), an exhaust passage (2) and a spark plug mounting hole (6) arranged in the cylinder head main body (1), a plurality of cooling fins (4) is arranged on the outer surface of the cylinder head main body (1), a combustion chamber surface (5) is formed on the inner side of the cylinder head main body (1), a longitudinally through air-cooling passage I (8) is arranged on the same side of the cylinder head main body (1) as the intake passage (3) and the exhaust passage (2), a transversally through air-cooling passage II (7) is arranged between the intake passage (3) and the exhaust passage (2), and both the longitudinally through air-cooling passage I (8) and the transversally through air-cooling passage II (7) are kept away from function holes on the cylinder head main body (1). In the technical solution of the invention, cooling air flows through the outer surface of the combustion chamber wall from different directions to sufficiently decrease the temperature of the combustion chamber, so that the cylinder head has excellent cooling efficiency, and the power of the gasoline engine is increased.
摘要:
Porous ceramic honeycomb bodies and methods of making them, wherein the ceramic body has a total porosity (% P) defined by a median pore size (d50) greater than or equal to 10 microns; a pore size distribution d-factor less than 0.8, wherein d-factor=(d50−d10)/d50, and a submicron pore fraction characterized by less than 5% of the total porosity being comprised of pores having a pore diameter less than 1.0 micron.
摘要:
A porous ceramic honeycomb filter manufactured from an oxide-based ceramic material having a pore size distribution with d1≧7.0 microns. Preferably, the oxide-based material is cordierite or aluminum titanate. Alternatively, the filter contains a cordierite-containing ceramic body with a narrow pore size distribution with db≦1.00, wherein db=(d90−d10)/d50. Also disclosed is a batch mixture, method and honeycomb green body made from mixture of inorganic source materials selected from the group of magnesia sources, alumina sources, and silica sources, and a pore former having a narrow particle size distribution with dps≦0.90, wherein dps={(dp90−dp10)/dp50}. The pore former is preferably selected from a group consisting of canna starch, sago palm starch, green mung bean starch, and single-mode potato starch.