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31.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6118124A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-12
申请号：US588484
申请日：1996-01-18
IPC分类号： G01J1/00 , B81B3/00 , G01J1/04 , G01J5/00 , G01J5/10 , G01J5/40 , G01J5/44 , G01N13/16 , G01T1/02 , G01J5/34
摘要： Electromagnetic and nuclear radiation is detected by micromechanical sensors that can be coated with various interactive materials. As the micromechanical sensors absorb radiation, the sensors bend and/or undergo a shift in resonance characteristics. The bending and resonance changes are detected with high sensitivity by any of several detection methods including optical, capacitive, and piezoresistive methods. Wide bands of the electromagnetic spectrum can be imaged with picoJoule sensitivity, and specific absorptive coatings can be used for selective sensitivity in specific wavelength bands. Microcantilevers coated with optical cross-linking polymers are useful as integrating optical radiation dosimeters. Nuclear radiation dosimetry is possible by fabricating cantilevers from materials that are sensitive to various nuclear particles or radiation. Upon exposure to radiation, the cantilever bends due to stress and its resonance frequency shifts due to changes in elastic properties, based on cantilever shape and properties of the coating.
摘要翻译： 电磁和核辐射由可以用各种交互材料涂覆的微机械传感器检测。 当微机械传感器吸收辐射时，传感器弯曲和/或经历谐振特性的偏移。 通过包括光学，电容和压阻方法的几种检测方法中的任何一种，以高灵敏度检测弯曲和谐振变化。 电磁光谱的宽带可以用微微焦灵敏感度成像，并且特定吸收涂层可用于特定波长带中的选择性灵敏度。 涂有光学交联聚合物的微悬臂梁可用作整合光学辐射剂量计。 可以通过从对各种核粒子或辐射敏感的材料制造悬臂来进行核辐射剂量测定。 暴露于辐射后，基于悬臂形状和涂层性质，悬臂由于应力而引起弯曲，并且由于弹性性质的变化而引起的共振频率偏移。
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公开(公告)号：US07972865B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-05
申请号：US12198580
申请日：2008-08-26
CPC分类号： G01N27/18
摘要： A sensor for detecting and differentiating chemical analytes includes a microscale body having a first end and a second end and a surface between the ends for adsorbing a chemical analyte. The surface includes at least one conductive heating track for heating the chemical analyte and also a conductive response track, which is electrically isolated from the heating track, for producing a thermal response signal from the chemical analyte. The heating track is electrically connected with a voltage source and the response track is electrically connected with a signal recorder. The microscale body is restrained at the first end and the second end and is substantially isolated from its surroundings therebetween, thus having a bridge configuration.
摘要翻译： 用于检测和分化化学分析物的传感器包括具有第一端和第二端的微型体，以及用于吸附化学分析物的端部之间的表面。 表面包括用于加热化学分析物的至少一个导电加热轨道以及与加热轨迹电隔离的导电响应轨迹，用于产生来自化学分析物的热响应信号。 加热轨道与电压源电连接，并且响应轨道与信号记录器电连接。 微型体在第一端和第二端处被约束，并且与它们之间的环境基本隔离，因此具有桥接构造。
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公开(公告)号：US6096559A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-01
申请号：US39707
申请日：1998-03-16
CPC分类号： G01N29/036 , G01N2291/0257
摘要： A calorimeter sensor apparatus is developed utilizing microcantilevered spring elements for detecting thermal changes within a sample containing biomolecules which undergo chemical and biochemical reactions. The spring element includes a bimaterial layer of chemicals on a coated region on at least one surface of the microcantilever. The chemicals generate a differential thermal stress across the surface upon reaction of the chemicals with an analyte or biomolecules within the sample due to the heat of chemical reactions in the sample placed on the coated region. The thermal stress across the spring element surface creates mechanical bending of the microcantilever. The spring element has a low thermal mass to allow detection and measuring of heat transfers associated with chemical and biochemical reactions within a sample placed on or near the coated region. A second surface may have a different material, or the second surface and body of microcantilever may be of an inert composition. The differential thermal stress between the surfaces of the microcantilever create bending of the cantilever. Deflections of the cantilever are detected by a variety of detection techniques. The microcantilever may be approximately 1 to 200 .mu.m long, approximately 1 to 50 .mu.m wide, and approximately 0.3 to 3.0 .mu.m thick. A sensitivity for detection of deflections is in the range of 0.01 nanometers. The microcantilever is extremely sensitive to thermal changes in samples as small as 30 microliters.
摘要翻译： 利用微悬臂弹簧元件开发用于检测含有经历化学和生物化学反应的生物分子的样品内的热变化的热量传感器装置。 弹簧元件包括在微悬臂梁的至少一个表面上的涂覆区域上的化学品的双层材料层。 由于放置在涂覆区域上的样品中的化学反应的热量，化学品与样品中的分析物或生物分子发生反应时，化学物质会在整个表面产生不同的热应力。 弹簧元件表面的热应力产生了微型悬臂梁的机械弯曲。 弹簧元件具有低热质量，以允许检测和测量与放置在涂覆区域上或附近的样品内的化学和生化反应相关的热传递。 第二表面可以具有不同的材料，或者微型悬臂梁的第二表面和主体可以是惰性组合物。 微悬臂梁表面之间的差热应力产生了悬臂的弯曲。 通过各种检测技术检测悬臂的偏转。 该微悬臂梁的长度可以为1〜200μm，宽度为1〜50μm左右，厚度为0.3〜3.0μm左右。 检测偏转的灵敏度在0.01纳米的范围内。 微型悬臂梁对样品的热变化非常敏感，只有30微升。
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34.发明授权Non-contact passive temperature measuring system and method of operation using micro-mechanical sensors 失效非接触式无源温度测量系统及使用微机械传感器的操作方法
公开(公告)号：US6050722A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-18
申请号：US47358
申请日：1998-03-25
IPC分类号： G01J5/20 , G01J5/40 , G01J5/44 , G01J5/60 , G01Q20/04 , G01Q30/04 , G01Q30/10 , G01J5/00 , G01B5/00 , G01N29/12
摘要： A non-contact infrared thermometer measures target temperatures remotely without requiring the ratio of the target size to the target distance to the thermometer. A collection means collects and focusses target IR radiation on an IR detector. The detector measures thermal energy of the target over a spectrum using micromechanical sensors. A processor means calculates the collected thermal energy in at least two different spectral regions using a first algorithm in program form and further calculates the ratio of the thermal energy in the at least two different spectral regions to obtain the target temperature independent of the target size, distance to the target and emissivity using a second algorithm in program form.
摘要翻译： 非接触式红外线温度计远程测量目标温度，而不需要目标尺寸与目标温度计距离的比例。 收集装置收集并集中在IR检测器上的目标IR辐射。 检测器使用微机械传感器测量目标在光谱上的热能。 处理器装置使用程序形式的第一算法在至少两个不同的光谱区域中计算所收集的热能，并且进一步计算至少两个不同光谱区域中的热能的比率以获得独立于目标大小的目标温度， 使用程序形式的第二个算法与目标的距离和发射率。
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公开(公告)号：US06016686A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-25
申请号：US42601
申请日：1998-03-16
申请人： Thomas G. Thundat
发明人： Thomas G. Thundat
CPC分类号： G01N19/00 , B81B3/0021 , B82Y35/00 , G01N2203/0286
摘要： A microcantilever potentiometric sensor utilized for detecting and measuring physical and chemical parameters in a sample of media is described. The microcantilevered spring element includes at least one chemical coating on a coated region, that accumulates a surface charge in response to hydrogen ions, redox potential, or ion concentrations in a sample of the media being monitored. The accumulation of surface charge on one surface of the microcantilever, with a differing surface charge on an opposing surface, creates a mechanical stress and a deflection of the spring element. One of a multitude of deflection detection methods may include the use of a laser light source focused on the microcantilever, with a photo-sensitive detector receiving reflected laser impulses. The microcantilevered spring element is approximately 1 to 100 .mu.m long, approximately 1 to 50 .mu.m wide, and approximately 0.3 to 3.0 .mu.m thick. An accuracy of detection of deflections of the cantilever is provided in the range of 0.01 nanometers of deflection. The microcantilever apparatus and a method of detection of parameters require only microliters of a sample to be placed on, or near the spring element surface. The method is extremely sensitive to the detection of the parameters to be measured.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于检测和测量介质样品中物理和化学参数的微悬臂电位传感器。 微悬臂弹簧元件包括涂覆区域上的至少一种化学涂层，其响应于所监测的介质的样品中的氢离子，氧化还原电势或离子浓度积累表面电荷。 在相对表面上具有不同表面电荷的微悬臂梁的一个表面上的表面电荷的累积产生弹簧元件的机械应力和挠曲。 许多偏转检测方法之一可以包括使用聚焦在微悬臂梁上的激光光源，光敏检测器接收反射的激光脉冲。 微悬臂弹簧元件长约1至100微米，宽约1至50微米，厚度约0.3至3.0微米。 在0.01纳米的偏转范围内提供了悬臂挠度的检测精度。 微型悬臂梁装置和参数检测方法仅需要将微升的样品放置在弹簧元件表面上或附近。 该方法对待测量参数的检测极为敏感。
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公开(公告)号：US20100055801A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-04
申请号：US12198580
申请日：2008-08-26
CPC分类号： G01N27/18
摘要： A sensor for detecting and differentiating chemical analytes includes a microscale body having a first end and a second end and a surface between the ends for adsorbing a chemical analyte. The surface includes at least one conductive heating track for heating the chemical analyte and also a conductive response track, which is electrically isolated from the heating track, for producing a thermal response signal from the chemical analyte. The heating track is electrically connected with a voltage source and the response track is electrically connected with a signal recorder. The microscale body is restrained at the first end and the second end and is substantially isolated from its surroundings therebetween, thus having a bridge configuration.
摘要翻译： 用于检测和分化化学分析物的传感器包括具有第一端和第二端的微型体，以及用于吸附化学分析物的端部之间的表面。 表面包括用于加热化学分析物的至少一个导电加热轨道以及与加热轨迹电隔离的导电响应轨迹，用于产生来自化学分析物的热响应信号。 加热轨道与电压源电连接，并且响应轨道与信号记录器电连接。 微型体在第一端和第二端处被约束，并且与它们之间的环境基本隔离，因此具有桥接构造。
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37.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07665364B2
公开(公告)日：2010-02-23
申请号：US11639184
申请日：2006-12-14
申请人： Ming Su , Thomas G. Thundat , David Hedden
发明人： Ming Su , Thomas G. Thundat , David Hedden
CPC分类号： G01N29/075 , G01N29/0681 , G01N29/2418 , G01N2291/012 , G01N2291/02466 , G01N2291/0423 , G01N2291/0427 , G01N2291/044 , G01N2291/048 , G01N2291/102
摘要： A method and apparatus for identifying a sample, involves illuminating the sample with light of varying wavelengths, transmitting an acoustic signal against the sample from one portion and receiving a resulting acoustic signal on another portion, detecting a change of phase in the acoustic signal corresponding to the light of varying wavelengths, and analyzing the change of phase in the acoustic signal for the varying wavelengths of illumination to identify the sample. The apparatus has a controlled source for illuminating the sample with light of varying wavelengths, a transmitter for transmitting an acoustic wave, a receiver for receiving the acoustic wave and converting the acoustic wave to an electronic signal, and an electronic circuit for detecting a change of phase in the acoustic wave corresponding to respective ones of the varying wavelengths and outputting the change of phase for the varying wavelengths to allow identification of the sample. The method and apparatus can be used to detect chemical composition or visual features. A transmission mode and a reflection mode of operation are disclosed. The method and apparatus can be applied at nanoscale to detect molecules in a biological sample.
摘要翻译： 用于识别样品的方法和装置包括用变化的波长的光照射样品，从一个部分发射针对样品的声信号，并在另一部分上接收所得到的声信号，检测对应的声信号中的相位变化 变化波长的光，并分析用于变化的照明波长的声信号中的相位变化以识别样品。 该装置具有用于用不同波长的光照射样品的受控源，用于传输声波的发射器，用于接收声波并将声波转换为电子信号的接收器，以及用于检测变化的电子电路 声波中相应于相应变化波长的相位，并输出变化波长的相位变化，以允许样本的识别。 该方法和装置可用于检测化学成分或视觉特征。 公开了传输模式和反射操作模式。 该方法和装置可应用于纳米尺度以检测生物样品中的分子。
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公开(公告)号：US20100033722A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-11
申请号：US12189652
申请日：2008-08-11
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N29/2418
摘要： A system and method are disclosed for generating a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source may emit a beam to a target substance coated on a detector that measures acoustic waves generated as a result of a light beam being absorbed by the target substance. By emitting a chopped/pulsed light beam to the target substance on the detector, it may be possible to determine the target's optical absorbance as the wavelength of light is changed. Rejection may decrease the intensity of the acoustic waves on the detector while absorption may increase the intensity. Accordingly, an identifying spectrum of the target may be made with the intensity variation of the detector as a function of illuminating wavelength.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于在具有降低的噪声的开放或封闭环境中产生光声谱的系统和方法。 源可以向涂覆在检测器上的目标物质发射光束，其测量由于光束被目标物质吸收的结果而产生的声波。 通过向检测器上的目标物质发射切碎/脉冲光束，可以随着光的波长变化来确定目标的光吸收。 抑制可以降低检测器上的声波的强度，而吸收可能增加强度。 因此，可以利用检测器的强度变化作为照明波长的函数来进行目标的识别光谱。
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39.发明授权In-vivo orthopedic implant diagnostic device for sensing load, wear, and infection 失效用于感测负荷，磨损和感染的体内矫形植入物诊断装置公开(公告)号：US07097662B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-29
申请号：US10926216
申请日：2004-08-25
申请人： Boyd McCutchen Evans, III , Thomas G. Thundat , Richard D. Komistek , Douglas A. Dennis , Mohamed Mahfouz
发明人： Boyd McCutchen Evans, III , Thomas G. Thundat , Richard D. Komistek , Douglas A. Dennis , Mohamed Mahfouz
IPC分类号： A61F2/30
CPC分类号： A61F2/38 , A61B5/0031 , A61B5/076 , A61B5/1076 , A61B5/412 , A61B5/4519 , A61B5/4523 , A61B5/4528 , A61B5/6846 , A61F2/32 , A61F2/3877 , A61F2/40 , A61F2/4657 , A61F2002/4672 , A61F2002/488 , Y10S623/914
摘要： A device for providing in vivo diagnostics of loads, wear, and infection in orthopedic implants having at least one load sensor associated with the implant, at least one temperature sensor associated with the implant, at least one vibration sensor associated with the implant, and at least one signal processing device operatively coupled with the sensors. The signal processing device is operable to receive the output signal from the sensors and transmit a signal corresponding with the output signal.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在具有至少一个与植入物相关联的载荷传感器的矫形植入物中进行负荷，磨损和感染的体内诊断的装置，与植入物相关联的至少一个温度传感器，与植入物相关联的至少一个振动传感器， 与传感器可操作地耦合的至少一个信号处理装置。 信号处理装置可操作以从传感器接收输出信号并发送与输出信号对应的信号。
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40.发明授权Piezoelectrically tunable resonance frequency beam utilizing a stress-sensitive film 失效使用应力敏感膜的压电可调共振频率束公开(公告)号：US06336366B1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-08
申请号：US09405924
申请日：1999-09-24
申请人： Thomas G. Thundat , Eric A. Wachter
发明人： Thomas G. Thundat , Eric A. Wachter
IPC分类号： G01P1509
CPC分类号： G01H3/08
摘要： Methods and apparatus for detecting particular frequencies of acoustic vibration utilize a piezoelectrically-tunable beam element having a piezoelectric layer and a stress sensitive layer and means for providing an electrical potential across the piezoelectric layer to controllably change the beam's stiffness and thereby change its resonance frequency. It is then determined from the response of the piezoelectrically-tunable beam element to the acoustical vibration to which the beam element is exposed whether or not a particular frequency or frequencies of acoustic vibration are detected.
摘要翻译： 用于检测声振动的特定频率的方法和装置利用具有压电层和应力敏感层的压电可调波束元件，以及用于在压电层两端提供电势以可控地改变光束的刚度从而改变其谐振频率的装置。 然后，由压电可调波束元件对波束元件所暴露的声振动的响应确定是否检测到特定频率或声频振动频率。
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