公开(公告)号：US08110082B2

公开(公告)日：2012-02-07

申请号：US11731952

申请日：2007-04-02

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/453 ,  H01L31/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/305

摘要： A method, system, and apparatus are provided for separating molecules, such as biomolecules. The method, system, and apparatus utilize an electrochemical cell having at least two electrodes, one electrode comprising a photo-sensitive material capable of generating a photopotential. Molecules are moved through an electrolyte medium between the at least two electrodes based upon localized photopotentials.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种分离分子的方法，系统和装置，例如生物分子。 该方法，系统和装置利用具有至少两个电极的电化学电池，一个电极包括能够产生光电势的光敏材料。 基于局部的光电势，分子在至少两个电极之间移动通过电解质介质。

公开(公告)号：US07716965B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-18

申请号：US11588542

申请日：2006-10-27

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/036 ,  G01N2291/0256

摘要： An electrochemical suspended element-based sensor system includes a solution cell for holding an electrolyte comprising solution including at least one electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species. A working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE) and a counter electrode (CE) are disposed in the solution. The CE includes an asymmetric suspended element, wherein one side of the suspended element includes a metal or a highly doped semiconductor surface. The suspended element bends when current associated with reduction or oxidation of the electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species at the WE passes through the suspended element. At least one measurement system measures the bending of the suspended element or a parameter which is a function of the bending.

摘要翻译： 基于电化学悬浮元件的传感器系统包括用于保持电解质的溶液池，所述电解质包含至少一种电化学还原性或可氧化物质的溶液。 在该溶液中设置工作电极（WE），参比电极（RE）和对电极（CE）。 CE包括不对称悬置元件，其中悬浮元件的一侧包括金属或高度掺杂的半导体表面。 当与WE的电化学还原性或可氧化物质的还原或氧化相关的电流通过悬浮元件时，悬浮元件弯曲。 至少一个测量系统测量悬挂元件的弯曲或作为弯曲函数的参数。

公开(公告)号：US20090020426A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-22

申请号：US11778162

申请日：2007-07-16

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Ali Passian ,  Rubye H. Farahi

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Ali Passian ,  Rubye H. Farahi

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： B01L3/50273 ,  B01L3/502792 ,  B01L2200/0652 ,  B01L2200/10 ,  B01L2300/0663 ,  B01L2300/0819 ,  B01L2300/0851 ,  B01L2300/089 ,  B01L2300/165 ,  B01L2300/1861 ,  B01L2400/04 ,  B01L2400/0427 ,  B01L2400/0448 ,  B01L2400/0496

摘要： Low energy light illumination and either a doped semiconductor surface or a surface-plasmon supporting surface are used in combination for manipulating a fluid on the surface in the absence of any applied electric fields or flow channels. Precise control of fluid flow is achieved by applying focused or tightly collimated low energy light to the surface-fluid interface. In the first embodiment, with an appropriate dopant level in the semiconductor substrate, optically excited charge carriers are made to move to the surface when illuminated. In a second embodiment, with a thin-film noble metal surface on a dispersive substrate, optically excited surface plasmons are created for fluid manipulation. This electrode-less optical control of the Marangoni effect provides re-configurable manipulations of fluid flow, thereby paving the way for reprogrammable microfluidic devices.

摘要翻译： 组合使用低能量光照射和掺杂半导体表面或表面等离子体支撑表面，以在没有任何施加的电场或流动通道的情况下操纵表面上的流体。 通过将聚焦或紧密准直的低能量光施加到表面 - 流体界面来实现流体流动的精确控制。 在第一实施例中，在半导体衬底中具有适当的掺杂剂水平，使光激发的电荷载流子在被照射时移动到​​表面。 在第二实施例中，利用分散衬底上的薄膜贵金属表面，产生用于流体操纵的光激发的表面等离子体激元。 Marangoni效应的无电极光学控制提供了可重新配置的流体流动操作，从而为重新编程的微流体装置铺平了道路。

公开(公告)号：US06289717B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-18

申请号：US09281032

申请日：1999-03-30

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  K. Bruce Jacobson ,  Mitchel J. Doktycz ,  Stephen J. Kennel ,  Robert J. Warmack

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  K. Bruce Jacobson ,  Mitchel J. Doktycz ,  Stephen J. Kennel ,  Robert J. Warmack

IPC分类号： G01N1910

CPC分类号： G01N33/54373

摘要： A sensor apparatus is provided using a microcantilevered spring element having a coating of a detector molecule such as an antibody or antigen. A sample containing a target molecule or substrate is provided to the coating. The spring element bends in response to the stress induced by the binding which occurs between the detector and target molecules. Deflections of the cantilever are detected by a variety of detection techniques. The microcantilever may be approximately 1 to 200 &mgr;m long, approximately 1 to 50 &mgr;m wide, and approximately 0.3 to 3.0 &mgr;m thick. A sensitivity for detection of deflections is in the range of 0.01 nanometers.

摘要翻译： 使用具有检测器分子如抗体或抗原的涂层的微悬臂弹簧元件提供传感器装置。 将包含靶分子或基底的样品提供给涂层。 弹簧元件响应于由检测器和靶分子之间发生的结合引起的应力而弯曲。 通过各种检测技术检测悬臂的偏转。 该微悬臂梁的长度可以为约1至200μm，宽度大约为1至50μm，厚度为0.3至3.0μm。 检测偏转的灵敏度在0.01纳米的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US06263736B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-24

申请号：US09404954

申请日：1999-09-24

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Eric A. Wachter ,  J. Kenneth Davis

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Eric A. Wachter ,  J. Kenneth Davis

IPC分类号： G01P1500

CPC分类号： G01H3/04 ,  G01H1/14 ,  G01H11/06

摘要： Methods and apparatus for detecting particular frequencies of acoustic vibration utilize an electrostatically-tunable beam element having a stress-sensitive coating and means for providing electrostatic force to controllably deflect the beam element thereby changing its stiffness and its resonance frequency. It is then determined from the response of the electrostatically-tunable beam element to the acoustical vibration to which the beam is exposed whether or not a particular frequency or frequencies of acoustic vibration are detected.

摘要翻译： 用于检测声振动特定频率的方法和装置利用具有应力敏感涂层的静电可调波束元件，以及用于提供静电力以控制地偏转光束元件从而改变其刚度及其谐振频率的装置。 然后，从静电可调波束元件的响应确定到波束曝光的声振动，无论是否检测到特定频率或声频振动。

公开(公告)号：US5445008A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-29

申请号：US217411

申请日：1994-03-24

申请人： Eric A. Wachter ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： Eric A. Wachter ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： B81B3/00 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/036 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y35/00 ,  G01N2291/0257

摘要： A mass microsensor is fabricated with a microcantilever oscillated by a piezoelectric transducer. A chemical coating having absorptive or adsorptive affinity for a specifically targeted chemical or compound is applied to the microcantilever for oscillation in the monitored atmosphere. Molecules of the targeted chemical attach to the microcantilever coating resulting in an oscillating mass increase which influences the resonant frequency of the microcantilever oscillation. The rate at which the coated microcantilever accumulates the target chemical is functional of the target chemical concentration. Consequently, the extent of microcantilever oscillation frequency change is related to the concentration of the target chemical within the monitored atmosphere. Such oscillation frequency changes are detected by a center-crossing photodiode which responds to a laser diode beam reflected from the microcantilever surface resulting in an output frequency from the photodiode that is synchronous with the microcantilever frequency.

摘要翻译： 质量微传感器由具有由压电传感器振荡的微悬臂梁制造。 将具有吸收或吸附亲和力的化学涂层施加到微悬臂梁上以在监测的气氛中振荡。 目标化学物质的分子附着在微悬臂梁涂层上，导致振荡质量增加，影响微悬臂梁振荡的共振频率。 涂覆的微悬臂梁累积目标化学物质的速率是目标化学物质浓度的函数。 因此，微悬臂梁振荡频率变化的程度与被监测气氛中目标化学物质的浓度有关。 这种振荡频率变化由中心交叉光电二极管检测，该中心交叉光电二极管响应于从微悬臂梁表面反射的激光二极管光束，导致来自与微悬臂梁频率同步的光电二极管的输出频率。

公开(公告)号：US08378286B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-19

申请号：US12837703

申请日：2010-07-16

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Charles W. Van Neste

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Charles W. Van Neste

IPC分类号： H01J40/14

CPC分类号： H01L41/1132 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H01L31/02019

摘要： Provided are improvements to photo detecting devices and methods for enhancing the sensitivity of photo detecting devices. A photo detecting device generates an electronic signal in response to a received light pulse. An electro-mechanical acoustic resonator, electrically coupled to the photo detecting device, damps the electronic signal and increases the signal noise ratio (SNR) of the electronic signal. Increased photo detector standoff distances and sensitivities will result.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于提高光检测装置的灵敏度的光检测装置和方法。 光检测装置响应于所接收的光脉冲产生电子信号。 电耦合到光检测装置的电 - 机械声谐振器阻止电子信号并增加电子信号的信噪比（SNR）。 将产生增加的光电检测器间隔距离和灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US20120012737A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-19

申请号：US12837703

申请日：2010-07-16

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Charles W. Van Neste

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Charles W. Van Neste

IPC分类号： H01J40/14

CPC分类号： H01L41/1132 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H01L31/02019

摘要： Provided are improvements to photo detecting devices and methods for enhancing the sensitivity of photo detecting devices. A photo detecting device generates an electronic signal in response to a received light pulse. An electro-mechanical acoustic resonator, electrically coupled to the photo detecting device, damps the electronic signal and increases the signal noise ratio (SNR) of the electronic signal. Increased photo detector standoff distances and sensitivities will result.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于提高光检测装置的灵敏度的光检测装置和方法。 光检测装置响应于所接收的光脉冲产生电子信号。 电耦合到光检测装置的电 - 机械声谐振器阻止电子信号并增加电子信号的信噪比（SNR）。 将产生增加的光电检测器间隔距离和灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US20120002191A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-05

申请号：US12828064

申请日：2010-06-30

申请人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Marissa E. Morales-Rodriguez ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Marissa E. Morales-Rodriguez ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： G01J3/30

CPC分类号： G01J3/42 ,  A61B5/0071 ,  A61B5/444 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/718 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/062

摘要： A system and method are disclosed for standoff spectroscopy of molecules (e.g. from a residue) on a surface from a distance. A source emits radiation that modifies or conditions the residue, such as through photodecomposition. A spectral generating source measures a spectrum of the residue before and after the residue is exposed to the radiation from that source. The two spectra are compared to produce a distinct identification of the residues on the surface or identify certain properties of the residue.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于离开远距离表面上的分子（例如来自残基）的间隔光谱的系统和方法。 源发射修改或调节残留物的辐射，例如通过光分解。 光谱产生源测量残留物在残留物暴露于该源的辐射之前和之后的光谱。 比较两个光谱以产生表面上残留物的不同鉴定或鉴定残留物的某些性质。

公开(公告)号：US20100033720A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-11

申请号：US12189663

申请日：2008-08-11

申请人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： G01N21/47

CPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/1702 ,  G01N29/2418 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2291/0427

摘要： A system and method are disclosed for generating a reversed photoacoustic spectrum at a greater distance. A source may emit a beam to a target and a detector measures signals generated as a result of the beam being emitted on the target. By emitting a chopped/pulsed light beam to the target, it may be possible to determine the target's optical absorbance by monitoring the intensity of light collected at the detector at different wavelengths. As the wavelength of light is changed, the target may absorb or reject each optical frequency. Rejection may increase the intensity at the sensing element and absorption may decrease the intensity. Accordingly, an identifying spectrum of the target may be made with the intensity variation of the detector as a function of illuminating wavelength.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于在更大距离处产生反向光声谱的系统和方法。 源可以向目标发射波束，并且检测器测量作为射束在目标上发射的结果而产生的信号。 通过向目标发射切碎/脉冲光束，可以通过监测在不同波长的检测器处收集的光的强度来确定目标的光吸收。 当光的波长改变时，目标物可以吸收或拒绝每个光学频率。 抑制可能增加感测元件的强度，吸收可能会降低强度。 因此，可以利用检测器的强度变化作为照明波长的函数来进行目标的识别光谱。