公开(公告)号：US5849595A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-15

申请号：US537591

申请日：1995-10-02

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Guichen C. Tang ,  Stimson P. Schantz

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Guichen C. Tang ,  Stimson P. Schantz

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/6848 ,  A61B1/043 ,  A61B5/0071 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/415 ,  A61B5/418 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  Y10S426/805 ,  Y10S426/811

Abstract: A method for monitoring the effects of a chemotherapeutic agent on a neoplasm medium. The method is premised on the discovery that chemotherapeutic agent, such as retinoic acid, affects the fluorescence spectroscopy of neoplasmic media and that such differences can be monitored, for example, by comparing the spectral profiles, spectral peaks, and spectral bandwidths of fluorescence at various wavelengths of the medium before and after administration of the chemotherapeutic agent. Differences in the excitation spectroscopy of the medium can also be used to monitor the effects of the agent.

Abstract translation: 用于监测化疗剂对肿瘤介质的影响的方法。 该方法的前提是化学治疗剂（例如视黄酸）影响肿瘤荧光光谱的发现，并且可以例如通过比较各种荧光的光谱分布，光谱峰值和光谱带宽来监测这些差异 施用化疗剂前后培养基的波长。 培养基的激发光谱的差异也可用于监测药剂的作用。

公开(公告)号：US5644429A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-01

申请号：US654800

申请日：1996-05-29

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Xiangchun Liang

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Xiangchun Liang

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G02B27/46

CPC classification number: A61B5/0091 ,  A61B5/4312 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/7257

Abstract: A method of forming 2 dimensional image of a translucent object in or behind a turbid medium. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of illuminating the translucent object through one side of the turbid medium with an ultrafast pulse of light, the light emergent from the opposite side of the turbid medium consisting of a ballistic component, a snake-like component and a diffuse component. The emergent light is then temporally and spatially gated to preferentially pass the ballistic component and the snake-like component. Preferably, the temporal and spatial gating is achieved by positioning the Kerr cell of an optical Kerr gate at the 2F spectral plane of a 4F Kerr-Fourier imaging system. At the appropriate time, that portion of the Kerr cell located at the focal point of the 2F spectral plane is gated open, allowing predominantly ballistic and snake-like components of the transilluminated light to pass therethrough. A cooled CCD detector is positioned at the 4F spectral plane to form a 2-dimensional image of the temporally and spatially gated light.

Abstract translation: 在混浊介质中或其后形成半透明物体的二维图像的方法。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括如下步骤：以超快脉冲光照射半透明物体的一侧，该光从混浊介质的相反侧出射，该混浊介质由弹道组件，蛇状部件 和漫射分量。 射出的光然后被时间和空间门控以优先通过弹道组件和蛇状部件。 优选地，时间和空间门控通过将光学克尔门的克尔单元定位在4F克尔傅立叶成像系统的2F频谱平面来实现。 在适当的时间，位于2F光谱平面的焦点处的克尔单元的该部分是开门的，允许透射的光的主要弹道和蛇状部件通过。 冷却的CCD检测器位于4F光谱平面处，以形成时间和空间门控光的二维图像。

公开(公告)号：US5636050A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-03

申请号：US186265

申请日：1994-02-15

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Lina Yang ,  Quan Z. Wang

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Lina Yang ,  Quan Z. Wang

IPC: G01J11/00 ,  G02B26/00

CPC classification number: G01J11/00

Abstract: An optical streak camera includes an optical collimator, an all optical deflector, a detector and a display.

Abstract translation: 光学条纹照相机包括光学准直仪，全光学偏转器，检测器和显示器。

公开(公告)号：US5293872A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-15

申请号：US678637

申请日：1991-04-03

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Cheng H. Liu

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Cheng H. Liu

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/65 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/0086 ,  A61B5/0071 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  G01N21/65 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  G01N2021/656

Abstract: A method for distinguishing between calcified atherosclerotic tissue and either fibrous atherosclerotic tissue or normal cardiovascular tissue. The present method is based on the discovery that, when irradiated with a beam of monochromatic infrared light, calcified atherosclerotic human aortic tissue produces a Fourier Transform Raman spectrum which is distinguishable from analagous spectra obtained from fibrous atherosclerotic human aortic tissue and normal human aortic tissue. Some salient differences in the respective Raman spectra are the presence of five Raman bands at Raman shifts of 957, 1071, 1262-1300, 1445, and 1659 cm.sup.-1 (.+-.4 cm.sup.-1 for all shifts) for the calcified tissue as compared to three Raman bands at Raman shifts of 1247-1270, 1453 and 1659 cm.sup.-1 (.+-.4 cm.sup.-1 for all shifts) for the fibrous tissue and three Raman bands at Raman shifts of 1247-1270, 1449 and 1651 cm.sup.-1 (.+-.4 cm.sup.-1 for all shifts) for the normal tissue. In addition, it was discovered that the ratios of intensities for the Raman bands at 1659 and 1453 cm.sup.-1 and at 1254 and 1453 cm.sup.-1 were 0.69 and 0.53, respectively, for the calcified tissue, 1.02 and 0.85, respectively, for the fibrous tissue and 1.2 and 0.83, respectively, for the normal tissue.

Abstract translation: 一种区分钙化动脉粥样硬化组织和纤维动脉粥样硬化组织或正常心血管组织的方法。 本发明基于以下发现：当用单色红外光束照射时，钙化的动脉粥样硬化人类主动脉组织产生傅立叶变换拉曼光谱，其与从纤维动脉粥样硬化人主动脉组织和正常人主动脉组织获得的分析光谱区分开。 各拉曼光谱中的一些显着差异是在钙化组织的拉曼位移为957,1071,1262-1300,1445和1659cm-1（对于所有位移为+ -4cm -1）存在五个拉曼带，如 相比之下，拉曼位移的拉曼位移为拉曼位移为1247-1270,1453和1659cm-1（对于所有位移为±4cm -1）的三个拉曼带，拉曼位移处的拉曼波长为1447-1270,1449和1651cm -1（对于所有位移为+ -4cm-1）。 此外，发现在1659和1453cm-1以及1254和1453cm-1处的拉曼谱带的强度比分别为0.69和0.53，对于钙化组织，1.02和0.85分别为 纤维组织分别为1.2和0.83，用于正常组织。

公开(公告)号：US5003168A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-26

申请号：US288481

申请日：1988-12-22

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Rohana Garuthara

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Rohana Garuthara

IPC: G04F13/02 ,  H01L31/09 ,  H03K3/57 ,  H03K17/78

CPC classification number: G04F13/02 ,  H01L31/09 ,  H03K17/78 ,  H03K3/57

Abstract: A trigger circuit for use in providing a trigger pulse to a sweep drive circuit in a streak camera. The trigger circuit comprises a low voltage DC power supply, a resistor, a charge line and a photodetector switch all connected in series. The photodetector switch includes a slab of a semi-insulating semiconductor material which becomes photoconductive when actuated by optical radiation. In use, the trigger circuit is coupled to the sweep drive circuit of the streak camera. In the absence of optical radiation, the switch is nonconducting and a voltage from the DC power supply builds up in the charge line. When the switch is actuated by optical radiation it becomes closed causing the voltage to be discharged to the sweep drive circuit. The switch returns to a nonconducting state (i.e. an open state) after about 1.5 nanoseconds.

Abstract translation: 触发电路，用于向条纹相机中的扫描驱动电路提供触发脉冲。 触发电路包括全部串联连接的低压直流电源，电阻，充电线和光电检测开关。 光电检测器开关包括半光绝缘半导体材料的平板，当通过光辐射致动时其变为光电导。 在使用中，触发电路耦合到条纹相机的扫描驱动电路。 在没有光辐射的情况下，开关是不导通的，并且来自直流电源的电压在充电线中建立。 当开关由光学辐射致动时，它变得闭合，使得电压被放电到扫描驱动电路。 在大约1.5纳秒之后，开关返回到非导通状态（即打开状态）。

公开(公告)号：US4853595A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-01

申请号：US91123

申请日：1987-08-31

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Ardie D. Walser

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ardie D. Walser

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/30

CPC classification number: H01J43/04 ,  G01N21/6408

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube which may be used in time resolving a luminiscence profile emitted from a sample with picosecond resolution using short (picosecond) electrical pulses as a probe and in time resolving an electrical pulse profile produced by fast electronic or optoelectronic devices with femtosecond resolution, using short (femtosecond) laser pulses as the probe is disclosed. The photomultiplier tube includes a photocathode for receiving light and producing emission of electrons in proportion to the intensity of the light, said photocathode having a transmission strip line configuration, accellerating means for accellerating electrons emitted by said photocathode, electron multiplication means for performing electron multiplication on the electrons emitted from the accellerating means, anode means for receiving electrons from the electron multiplication means and producing an analog electrical signal output, means for causing electrons emitted by the photocathode to move through the accellerating means and the electron multiplication means and then impinge on the anode means, and means connected to said photocathode for receiving an ultrafast voltage signal.

Abstract translation: 可以使用短（皮秒）电脉冲作为探针，并且用时间分辨由快速电子或光电子器件产生的电脉冲分布的时间分辨从样品发射的样品的亮度分布的光电倍增管，其使用飞秒分辨率，使用 作为探针的短（飞秒）激光脉冲被公开。 光电倍增管包括用于接收光并与光的强度成比例地产生电子的发射的光电阴极，所述光电阴极具有透射带线构造，用于对由所述光电阴极发射的电子进行加热的电流装置，用于对所述光电阴极进行电子倍增的电子倍增装置 从交流装置发射的电子，用于从电子倍增装置接收电子并产生模拟电信号输出的阳极装置，用于使由光电阴极发射的电子移动通过电荷装置和电子倍增装置，然后撞击在 阳极装置和连接到所述光电阴极的装置，用于接收超快电压信号。

公开(公告)号：US4438416A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-20

申请号：US342486

申请日：1982-01-25

Applicant: Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC: H01P9/00

CPC classification number: H01P9/00

Abstract: An electrical device for use in delaying the time of arrival of an electrical signal with fixed increments of delay in the picosecond range and having a minimum delay time in picoseconds is disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a plurality of small T shaped RF coaxial connectors fixedly coupled together in series with the connectors themselves serving as delay elements. One of the unconnected (open) ports of the connector at one end of the series is used as the entrance port for the device and the other unconnected ports of the connectors in the series are used as exit ports for the device. An electrical signal introduced into the device through the entrance port and then exiting through one of the exit ports is delayed according to the total path length travelled by the signal in passing from the entrance port to the particular exit port selected to be used as the exit port, each port in the path travelled by the signal from the entrance port to the exit port producing a time delay in the order of picoseconds, the exact number of picoseconds for a port depending on the specific type of connector employed. In another embodiment of the invention, a plurality of transmission lines having different lengths between about 10 to 100 mm etched on a printed circuit board are connected to individual double pole double throw switches which are coupled together in series, each transmission line causing a time delay of a signal passing through it of a different number of picoseconds.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种电气装置，其用于将电信号的延迟时间以固定的延迟增量延迟到皮秒范围并具有皮秒的最小延迟时间。 在本发明的一个实施例中，该装置包括多个与成为延迟元件的连接器本身串联连接在一起的小型T形RF同轴连接器。 系列一端的连接器的未连接（开放）端口之一用作设备的入口，系列中连接器的其他未连接端口用作设备的出口。 通过入口端口引入设备然后通过一个出口导出的电信号根据信号从入口端口到特定出口端口所行进的总路径长度被延迟，该出口端口选择用作出口 端口，通过从入口端口到出口端口的信号行进的路径中的每个端口产生皮秒顺序的时间延迟，取决于所使用的连接器的特定类型，端口的精确皮秒数。 在本发明的另一实施例中，在印刷电路板上蚀刻的在大约10至100mm之间具有不同长度的多条传输线连接到串联耦合在一起的各个双极双掷开关，每条传输线导致时间延迟 的信号通过它不同数量的皮秒。

公开(公告)号：US4277669A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-07

申请号：US55145

申请日：1979-07-06

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Norman H. Schiller

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Norman H. Schiller

IPC: H01S3/00 ,  B23K27/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/0014

Abstract: Method and device for detecting the threshold of generation of a non-visible laser beam, wherein a dark colored film, enclosed in a transparent container, is placed in the path of the laser beam to cause the dark film to burn when the laser beam impinges thereon and wherein the transparent container prevents the vaporized film particles from the area impinged upon by the laser beam from escaping into the atmosphere.

Abstract translation: 用于检测不可见激光束产生阈值的方法和装置，其中封闭在透明容器中的深色胶片放置在激光束的路径中，以在激光束照射时引起暗膜燃烧 并且其中透明容器防止被激光束撞击的区域中的蒸发的膜颗粒逸出到大气中。

公开(公告)号：US12031917B2

公开(公告)日：2024-07-09

申请号：US18458988

申请日：2023-08-30

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Sandra Mamani Reyes

IPC: G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/65

CPC classification number: G01N21/65 ,  G01N2201/06113 ,  G01N2201/0633

Abstract: A method for obtaining a polarized orbital angular momentum Raman spectrum using vector vortex beams, includes the steps of emitting a polarized laser light from a laser source. The polarized laser light is passed through a narrow band filter that is then passed through a section of wave plates (quarter or half wave plate) to generate polarized light (linear, circular, radial and azimuthal), then through a q-plate (vortex retarder or spiral plate) to give a vortex structure topology carrying orbital angular momentum with a helical phase. The polarized vector vortex light is then directed to contact a sample, thereby producing a Raman scatter beam. The Raman scatter beam is passed back and collected into a spectrometer, thereby obtaining a Raman scattering spectrum of the sample to investigate the matching of the multipoles of the material and the multipoles of the light. A method for transmission with Multiple expansions of orbital angular momentum in rat cerebellum tissue is also disclosed. In general, we use polarized Laguerre-Gaussian vector vortex beams as a topology multipole model to describe and study the light matter interaction for Raman and transmission using the fact that the optical vortices and material can possess Multipoles denoted as L in form of monopole (L=0), dipole (L=1), quadrupole (L=2), octupole (L=3), hexidecapole (L=4) and higher orders. These multipoles can be involved with the matching up with the symmetry of the moments involved with vibrational states in Raman processes.

公开(公告)号：US11817669B2

公开(公告)日：2023-11-14

申请号：US17532834

申请日：2021-11-22

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Shah Faisal B. Mazhar ,  Mikhail Sharonov ,  Lingyan Shi

IPC: H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/1106 ,  H01S3/108 ,  H01S3/107 ,  H01S5/00 ,  G21K7/00 ,  A61B6/00 ,  G02F1/35

CPC classification number: H01S3/0092 ,  H01S3/0057 ,  H01S3/0085 ,  H01S3/107 ,  H01S3/108 ,  H01S3/1106 ,  H01S3/1121 ,  H01S5/0085 ,  A61B6/484 ,  G02F1/3528 ,  G21K7/00 ,  G21K2207/005

Abstract: In this patent, we teach methods to generate coherent X-ray and UUV rays beams for X ray and UUV microscopes using intense femtosecond pulses resulting the Ultra-Supercontinuum (USC) and Higher Harmonic Generation (HHG) from χ3 and χ5 media produce from electronic and molecular Kerr effect. The response of n2 (χ3) and n4 (χ5) at the optical frequency from instantaneously response of carrier phase of envelope results in odd HHG and spectral broadening about each harmonic on the anti-Stokes side of the pump pulse at wo typically in the visible, NIR, and MIR. From the slower molecular Kerr response on femtosecond to picosecond from orientation and molecular motion on n2 and n4 which follow the envelope of optical field of the laser gives rise to extreme broadening without HHG. The resulting spectra extend on the Stokes side towards the IR, RF to DC covering most of the electromagnetic spectrum. These HHG and Super broadening covering UUV to X rays and possibly to gamma ray regime for microscopes.