Abstract:
A method and apparatus for determining a fluid level and/or output flow during operation of a centrifugal pump, are provided, which may be used for production of gas and/or oil from a well, and include a vector feedback model to derive values of torque and speed from signals indicative of instantaneous current and voltage drawn by the pump motor, a pump model which derives values of the fluid flow rate and the head pressure for the pump from torque and speed inputs, a pumping system model that derives, from the estimated values of the pump operating parameters, an estimated value of fluid level and other pumping system parameters. Controllers responsive to the estimated values of the pumping system parameters control the pump to maintain fluid level at the pump input, near an optimum level, or within a safe operating range and/or output flow from the pump.
Abstract:
According to the prior art, through-holes in components are often introduced after the production (casting) of the component. This entails additional outlay in terms of time and equipment. The time required can be considerably shortened if a casting mold is designed in such a way that the through-hole is at least in part formed by corresponding projections being formed on the inner wall and/or the outer wall of the casting mold.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a sensor adapted for electrical connection to a power source having an electrical contact means (3). The sensor has a first insulating substrate (1) carrying a first electrode (2) and a second insulating substrate (7) carrying a second electrode (6). The electrodes are disposed to face each other in spaced apart relationship, sandwiching a spacer (4) therebetween. A first cut-out portion extends through the first insulating substrate (1) and a spacer (4) to expose a first contact area (23) on the second insulating substrate (7). This permits the electrical contact means (31) to effect electrical connection with the first contact (23) which in turn is in electrically conductive connection with the second electrode (6). A similar contact arrangement may be disposed on the opposite side of the sensor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an amperometric electrochemical cell having a first insulating substrate carrying a first electrode, a second insulting substrate carrying a second electrode, said electrodes being disposed to face each other and spaced apart by less than 500 μm, and defining a sample reservoir therebetween, and wherein at least one, and preferably both, insulating substrates and the electrode carried thereon include an electromagnetic radiation transmissive portion in registration with said reservoir. The walls of the electrochemical cell may be formed from a thin metallic portion on a transparent substrate. Such cells are useful in providing visual confirmation of the validity of the electrochemical measurement.
Abstract:
According to the prior art, passage holes in components are often introduced after the operation (casting) for producing the component. This signifies an additional outlay in terms of time and of apparatus. The outlay in terms of time can be reduced considerably if a casting mold is formed in such a way as at least partially to produce the passage hole, in that projections corresponding to the passage holes are formed on the inner wall and/or the outer wall of the casting mold.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a method for analyzing the concentration of an analyte in a sample and to automatic analyzing apparatus. The invention will be described herein with particular reference to a method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of glucose or other analytes in blood but is not limited to that use.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a biosensor and more particularly to an electrochemical biosensor for determining the concentration of an analyte in a carrier. The invention is particularly useful for determining the concentration of glucose in blood and is described herein with reference to that use but it should be understood that the invention is applicable to other analytic determinations.
Abstract:
By significantly suppressing or eliminating the channeling effects during implantation of a dopant species into the semiconductor region, the contribution of energy contamination may be studied and the corresponding results may be used in selecting appropriate tool settings for an actual implantation process. In this way, the vertical dopant profile may be controlled more precisely than in conventional processes. In one particular embodiment, the channeling effect is suppressed by an appropriately performed amorphization implantation process.
Abstract:
A method for producing a nanostructured, in particular a ceramic-like functional coating on a substrate is described. To that end, using at least one plasma source, a pulsed plasma is produced with which a matrix phase and at least one nano-scale interstitial phase embedded in it are deposited on the substrate via a material input. Preferably a plurality of pulsed plasma sources that are time-correlated or synchronized with each other are used. Also proposed is a nanostructured functional coating, in particular one producible by this method, which is free of chlorine and/or sulfur, and which contains at least one metal and/or at least one element selected from the group oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, helium, argon or neon.
Abstract:
There are described water-soluble fiber-reactive dye-stuffs which possess a triazinylamino radical to which is bonded as second substituent an amino group or an N-containing heterocyclic group which, bonded via an arylene, alkylene or aralkyl radical, possesses a fiber-reactive grouping of the vinyl sulfone series, and to which is bonded as third substituent a sulfonamide group, wherein the sulfone radical is substituted by optionally substituted aryl, alkylenearyl or arylenealkyl or optionally substituted amino groups.The dyestuffs are used for dyeing hydroxy - and/or carboxamido-containing material, in particular fiber material, such as cellulose fibers, wool and synthetic polyamide.