Abstract:
A method of extending the life of an aromatization catalyst comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) of the catalyst, and oxidizing the catalyst prior to reaching the RDT. A method of aromatizing a hydrocarbon comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) for an aromatization catalyst, and operating an aromatization reactor comprising the catalyst to extend the Time on Stream of the reactor prior to reaching the RDT. A method of characterizing an aromatization catalyst comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) of the catalyst. A method of extending the life of an aromatization catalyst comprising predicting a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) for an aromatization reactor by employing the catalyst in a reactor system under an accelerated fouling condition to identify a test rapid deactivation threshold (t-RDT), predicting the RDT for the aromatization reactor based upon the t-RDT, and oxidizing the catalyst prior to the predicted RDT to extend the Time on Stream of the aromatization catalyst.
Abstract:
A xylene isomerization process includes introducing gas comprising hydrogen and a base to a reaction zone in which a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a zeolite support resides. In one embodiment, the base may be formed in situ within the reaction zone from nitrogen and hydrogen that are introduced to the reaction zone. In another embodiment, the base is introduced directly to the reaction zone. The conditions in the reaction zone are effective to reduce the catalyst. A stream comprising C8 aromatics, e.g., xylenes and ethylbenzene may then be fed to the reaction zone containing the reduced catalyst. The reaction zone may be operated at conditions effective to isomerize the xylenes and hydrodealkylate the ethylbenzene. The xylene loss during the isomerization of the xylenes is lowered as a result of using the catalyst reduced in the presence of the gas comprising a base and hydrogen.
Abstract:
A process for hydrogenating highly unsaturated hydrocarbons to less unsaturated hydrocarbons wherein production of saturated hydrocarbons is minimized. The process utilizes catalyst including Ce2O3, MgO, and an inorganic support, and optionally palladium, optionally silver, and/or an optional alkali metal.
Abstract translation:将高度不饱和烃氢化成较不饱和烃的方法,其中饱和烃的产生最小化。 该方法使用包括Ce 2 O 3,MgO和无机载体的催化剂,以及任选的钯,任选的银和/或任选的碱金属。
Abstract:
A xylene isomerization process includes introducing gas comprising hydrogen and a base to a reaction zone in which a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a zeolite support resides. In one embodiment, the base may be formed in situ within the reaction zone from nitrogen and hydrogen that are introduced to the reaction zone. In another embodiment, the base is introduced directly to the reaction zone. The conditions in the reaction zone are effective to reduce the catalyst. A stream comprising C8 aromatics, e.g., xylenes and ethylbenzene may then be fed to the reaction zone containing the reduced catalyst. The reaction zone may be operated at conditions effective to isomerize the xylenes and hydrodealkylate the ethylbenzene. The xylene loss during the isomerization of the xylenes is lowered as a result of using the catalyst reduced in the presence of the gas comprising a base and hydrogen.
Abstract:
A process for removing selenium from an aqueous stream using a supported sulfur material, and optionally the addition of an activating agent for enhanced removal of selenite, is disclosed.
Abstract:
In an embodiment, a method of hydrogenating a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to an unsaturated hydrocarbon includes contacting the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen. The catalyst comprises palladium and an inorganic support having a surface area of from about 4.5 to about 20 m2/g, or alternatively 5 to 14.5 m2/g. The inorganic support may comprise α-alumina treated with a fluoride source. The palladium may be primarily disposed near the surface of the support. In addition, the catalyst may comprise silver distributed throughout the support. In another embodiment, a method of making the foregoing selective hydrogenation catalyst includes contacting a fluorine-containing compound with an inorganic support, heating the support, and adding palladium to the inorganic support. After adding palladium to the support, the support can then be heated again, followed by adding silver to and then heating the support once again.
Abstract:
In some embodiments, methods of producing monoolefins include contacting an olefin stream with a polar solvent to extract a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon from the olefin stream, followed by contacting the polar solvent with a hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at conditions effective to hydrogenate the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a monoolefin. The monoolefin then desorbs from the polar solvent and enters the purified olefin stream, allowing the polar solvent to be recycled. In other embodiments, monoolefin production systems include an extraction-hydrogenation zone for performing the extraction and hydrogenating steps in situ. In alternative embodiments, the hydrogenation zone is disposed downstream from the extraction zone.
Abstract:
A process for recovering DCPD from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising introducing the hydrocarbon feedstock to a first column, recovering an overhead stream from the first column comprising C9− hydrocarbons, recovering a bottom stream from the first column comprising C10+ hydrocarbons, feeding the bottom stream from the first column to a second column, recovering an overhead stream from the second column comprising DCPD, and recovering a bottom stream from the second column comprising fuel oil, wherein the two columns are sized and operated at defined conditions such as pressures, temperatures, reflux rates, and reboil rates.
Abstract:
A process of treating a catalyst composition containing palladium, an inorganic support, and a catalyst component, such as silver and/or a modifier such as alkali metal fluoride, is provided. The process involves contacting a catalyst composition with a first treating agent comprising carbon monoxide under a first treating condition to provide a treated catalyst composition. As an option, such treated catalyst composition can then be contacted with a second treating agent comprising a hydrogen-containing fluid under a second treating condition. The treated catalyst composition can be used in a selective hydrogenation process in which highly unsaturated hydrocarbons such as diolefins and/or alkynes are contacted with such treated catalyst composition in the presence of hydrogen to produce less unsaturated hydrocarbons such as monoolefins.
Abstract:
A catalyst composition is provided which can be used for hydrogenating a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon such as an alkyne or a diolefin. The catalyst composition contains palladium, a catalyst component of either silver or an alkali metal compound, or both silver and an alkali metal compound, and a metal aluminate catalyst support. Such metal aluminate catalyst support is prepared by a process of incorporating alumina with a metal component, preferably impregnating alumina with a melted metal component, to thereby provide a metal-incorporated alumina followed by drying and high temperature calcining to thereby provide a metal aluminate catalyst support. The catalyst composition disclosed can be used for hydrogenating a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon. The process involves contacting a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon with a catalyst composition in the presence of hydrogen under a hydrogenation condition sufficient to effect a hydrogenation of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon.