摘要:
An A/F signal proportional to an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine is output upon application of a voltage based on an instruction from a microcomputer. At the time an element resistance is detected, a bias instruction signal Vr from the microcomputer is converted by a D/A converter 21 to an analog signal Vb. An output voltage Vc obtained by removing high frequency components from the analog signal Vb through an LPF 22 is input to a bias control circuit 40. During this time period in which the element resistance is detected, an accurate A/F signal is not output. Therefore, the A/F signal that has theretofore prevailed is held by a Sample/Hold circuit 70 to thereby prevent the use of an erroneous A/F signal. Namely, at the time of detecting the element resistance, the detected value of the oxygen concentration is prevented from becoming abnormal. As a result, an accurate A/F control can be executed using the detected element resistance.
摘要:
A cover plate covering a display panel of a display device has a transparent base having a surface facing the display panel and provided with reflection-reducing minute irregularities. The reflection-reducing minute irregularities consist of numerous projections and numerous valleys lying between the projections, and meet a condition expressed by: PMAX≦&lgr;MIN, where PMAX is the maximum distance between the tips of the adjacent projections, and &lgr;MIN is the minimum wavelength in a visible region in a vacuum. The sectional area ratio of total area of sections of the projections of the transparent base in a plane parallel to the transparent base in the plane increases continuously and gradually in a direction from the tips of the projections toward bottoms of the valleys.
摘要:
An A/F signal proportional to an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine is output upon application of a voltage based on an instruction from a microcomputer. At the time an element resistance is detected, a bias instruction signal Vr from the microcomputer is converted by a D/A converter 21 to an analog signal Vb. An output voltage Vc obtained by removing high frequency components from the analog signal Vb through an LPF 22 is input to a bias control circuit 40. During this time period in which the element resistance is detected, an accurate A/F signal is not output. Therefore, the A/F signal that has theretofore prevailed is held by a Sample/Hold circuit 70 to thereby prevent the use of an erroneous A/F signal. Namely, at the time of detecting the element resistance, the detected value of the oxygen concentration is prevented from becoming abnormal. As a result, an accurate A/F control can be executed using the detected element resistance.
摘要:
A sulfur-containing O-(meth)acrylate compound of the following formula (1) is useful as a starting material for a resin composition used in optical applications such as a lens; wherein R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; 1 represents an integer from 1 to 3; B is when B is n is 2; m is 1 or 2; A is selected from the following groups: wherein m represents 1 or 2; each ring may be substituted by one or more alkyl, alkylthio or alkoxy groups having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; p and q are 0 or 1, while m is 1 when p is 1; when B is n is 1; m is 2 or 3; A is selected from the following groups: —(CH2)r—S—(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—S—S—(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—S—(CH2)s—S—(CH2)r— and wherein r and s are an integer from 1 to 3; when B is n is 1; m is 2; A is selected from the following groups: —(CH2)r—S—(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—S—S—(CH2)r— and —(CH2)r—S—(CH2)s—S—(CH2)r— wherein r and s are an integer from 1 to 3.
摘要:
Piezoelectric ceramics which is made of compounds shaped in bismuth layer containing Sr, Bi, Ti and Ln (lanthanoid). The compound contains SrBi4Ti4O15 typed crystals. In the piezoelectric ceramics, an atomic ratio of Ln/(Sr+Ln) is 0
摘要翻译:由含有Sr,Bi,Ti和Ln(镧系元素)的铋层中形成的化合物制成的压电陶瓷。 该化合物包含SrBi 4 SMALLCAPS> Ti 4 SMALLCAPS> O 15 SMALLCAPS>型晶体。 在压电陶瓷中,Ln /(Sr + Ln)的原子比为0
摘要:
An A/F sensor generates a current signal corresponding to an air-fuel ratio in response to a voltage applied by a bias control circuit. After a sensor current is received as a voltage signal via a voltage follower, it is outputted to an A/D converter having a predetermined input voltage range, 0 to 5V. A sensor current detection circuit has a plurality of current detection resistors. In order to variably set the resistance value by the sensor current detection circuit, a switch circuit is switched in accordance with the sensor current depending on whether the A/F value to be detected is in the zone near the stoichiometric ratio or in other air-fuel ratio zones.
摘要:
A gain controlling apparatus is provided with: an adjusting device (6, 7, 8) for adjusting a gain of a generation signal, which is generated on the basis of a light reception signal obtained by receiving a reflection light of a light beam from an information recording medium (1); and a detecting device (21, 14, 16) for detecting whether or not the generation signal is generated and outputting a detection signal when the generation signal is generated. The gain controlling apparatus is also provided with a controlling device (18) for controlling the adjusting device to increase the gain by a predetermined value set in advance when the detection signal is not outputted by the detecting device.
摘要:
In a dot line printer having a plurality of print hammers which are arranged to print a plurality of dot lines simultaneously when a hammer bank on which the print hammers are mounted performs one scan from one extreme to another, the dot lines originally assigned to the print hammers for printing are changed provided that a particular print hammer is driven an undue number of times when the originally assigned positions of the print hammers are maintained in the subsequent scans of the hammer bank.
摘要:
A method that detects an air-fuel ratio in each cylinder of an internal combustion engine by properly setting a cycle of detecting an element resistance of an A/F oxygen concentration sensor. Although an actual A/F signal is at the stoichiometric ratio in each cylinder at exhaust timing cycle in a practical engine rotational speed range, the ratio is largely deviated to the rich side in the #1 cylinder. The first element resistance detection timing cycle coincides with generation timing of the actual A/F signal, so that the A/F signal cannot be detected. When the element resistance detection timing cycle is preset so as to be longer than the exhaust timing cycle, the second actual A/F signal detection timing for the #1 cylinder does not coincide with the element resistance detection timing. Consequently, the actual A/F signal of the #1 cylinder can be detected as an A/F signal by the A/F sensor.
摘要:
A system for estimating a temperature of a vehicle hydraulically-operated transmission including a hydraulic torque converter, a plurality of frictional engaging elements such as clutches installed in the transmission and a hydraulic pressure supplying circuit for discharging hydraulic fluid from one of said plurality of frictional engaging elements and for supplying hydraulic fluid to another to bring said one and another one of said plurality of frictional engaging elements into operation such that gear-shift is effected in the transmission. A heat quantity generated by the hydraulic coupling means (.DELTA.Ttr), a heat quantity generated by at least one of the frictional engaging elements at gearshift (.DELTA.Tcl(No)), a heat quantity generated by stirring of the hydraulic fluid (.notident.Tst), a heat quantity generated or absorbed at a heat exchanger which exchanges heat from the fluid (.DELTA.Tra), and some similar values are calculated and summed to estimate a temperature of the clutches, thereby enabling a fine hydraulic pressure control.