摘要:
In a method for starting a self-igniting internal combustion engine at low temperatures, a first fuel amount is injected into the combustion chamber during a compression stroke of the internal combustion engine by a fuel pre-injection, so as to form a partially homogenous pre-mixture in the combustion chamber; a main fuel amount is then injected into the combustion chamber during a main injection and the fuel/air mixture is combusted by self-ignition, the injection start of the pre-injection being selected such that the partially homogenous pre-mixture can be ignited after a very short ignition delay, and an injection start of the main injection is selected such that the main fuel amount is injected into the combustion chamber either during a combustion phase or directly after a combustion phase of the ignited pre-injection mixture
摘要:
The present invention is directed to an improved analysis procedure for the comparative sequencing of nucleic acids using multistage mass spectrometry. More precisely, the invention is directed to a method enabling the de-novo sequencing of nucleic acid molecules using multistage mass spectrometry.
摘要:
The invention relates to a charging connector, comprising a plug provided with a plug housing and a socket outlet provided with a socket outlet housing, wherein the plug housing and the socket outlet housing each comprise standard fixing holes for fixing a handle in an interchangeable manner, wherein the charging connector is additionally provided with interchangeable adapters for fluid lines and/or pilot contacts, wherein the adapters are arranged on the interchangeable handles and can be fixed therewith to the charging plug housing and/or socket outlet housing.
摘要:
A device for conveying inhomogenous solid matter, particularly biomass, includes an endless screw. The endless screw is located in a sleeve fitted with a counter screw, which allows better transportation, and the possible creation of a plug of compressed material at predetermined points on the screw, which isolates the device from the outside. The device can be coupled with at least one other endless screw, which can be put under a pressure greater than the device. The screw erodes the plug and transports the matter so obtained, for example to a pressurized reactor. With the device, a pressure difference between for example a raw material storage tank and a reactor does not lead to excessive cost in terms of pressurizing gas.
摘要:
In an internal combustion engine with an air separation unit and a method of realizing such an internal combustion engine, the air separation unit is able to be fed by intake air compressed by a charging unit and cooled by a charged air cooler. The internal combustion engine can at least periodically be fed with a retentate, provided by the air separation unit, having such a composition that, in comparison to normal, it is oxygen enriched. The air separation unit is connected to the outlet of the charged air cooler, and compressed intake air from the charging unit undergoes purification that includes the separation of fluid and/or solid contents before being fed into the air separation unit.
摘要:
In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and a method for operating a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, cylinders are assigned an exhaust line and, in each case, a gas inlet valve and a gas outlet valve which are used for the charge cycle. At least one of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine has an additional outlet valve through which, in the opened state, a flow connection can be established between the combustion chamber and the exhaust line. At least one of an exhaust gas composition and an exhaust gas temperature is changed compared to the normal operating mode, and regeneration of the exhaust gas cleaning unit can be set in conjunction with a regeneration operating mode for regenerating an exhaust gas cleaning unit which is arranged in the exhaust line by activating the additional outlet valve of at least one cylinder. For the method, the additional outlet valve of at least one cylinder is opened at least temporarily in conjunction with regeneration of the exhaust gas cleaning unit.
摘要:
A godet for guiding at least one advancing yarn in a yarn processing operation. The godet comprises a tubular casing which is mounted for free rotation on a support by means of a plurality of bearings. At least one of the bearings is a radially operative magnetic bearing, which comprises a rotating part and a stationary part attached to the support, with a bearing gap formed between the parts. The stationary part includes at least one pole element with an excitation winding, and the rotating part is made of at least one laminated component of a magnetizable material which is fixed on the inner side of the tubular casing. The pole element and the laminated component cooperate for guiding a magnetic flux.
摘要:
A method of operating an internal-combustion engine (1) which has at least one cylinder (10,20,30,40,50,60) with a combustion chamber (17,27,37,47,57,67) assigned to it, in the cylinder (10,20,30,40,50,60), a piston (11,21,31,41,51,61) carries out an oscillating movement between a lower dead center and an upper dead center. In the combustion chamber (17,27,37,47,57,67) a fuel-air mixture is ignited. Exhaust gas forming during the combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber (17,27,37,47,57,67) is fed to an exhaust pipe (5), and the exhaust gas is purified in an exhaust treatment device (6) arranged in the exhaust pipe (5). For the regeneration of the exhaust treatment device (6), the temperature in the exhaust pipe (5) is increased in that an outlet valve (16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66) opening up the combustion chamber (17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67) in the direction of the exhaust pipe (5) is opened in the range of the upper compression dead center of the piston (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61).
摘要:
A lampshade may comprise an upper rim, a cross-member having two ends connected to the upper rim, a clip having a spring portion and two arms, and a shade material connected to said upper rim. The cross-member may include a loop portion between the two ends, the spring portion may be connected to the loop portion of the cross-member, and the arms may be configured to engage a light source.
摘要:
An aircraft control system includes a propeller governor in which a motor is used to apply a compression force on a speeder spring, and a turbocharger in which a motor is used to actuate a needle valve associated with a diaphragm cell. An electronic control unit may be used to control the motor in the propeller governor and the motor in the turbocharger. The integration of the propeller governor and the turbocharger into a single control system decreases the number of individual adjustments that must be performed manually by the pilot.