Abstract:
In a direct-heated flow measuring apparatus including an electric heater of a film resistor type and a temperature-detecting resistor for detecting the temperature within a passage, the flow rate thereof is measured by a sensing circuit. The temperatures of the electric heater and the temperature of the temperature-detecting resistor are compared. The measuring operation of the sensing circuit is stopped when the temperature within the passage is abnormal as indicated by this comparison.
Abstract:
A compact and durable gas detecting sensor for detecting the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The sensor is provided with a sensing element made of ceramic material having an electrical characteristic which varies in response to variations in the partial pressure of oxygen gas, such as CoO, a base member made of electrically insulating ceramic material, such as alumina, and electrodes held by the base member. The sensing element is integrally fixed to the base member through an intermediate layer made of ceramic material which is non-reactive with the sensing element.
Abstract:
A gas component detector has a detector element of a metal oxide held on one end of a ceramic body. The detector element is electrically connected to a pair of electrodes and the pair of electrodes are in turn welded to a pair of sub-lead-lines to deliver a detected electric signal from the detector element. The pair of electrodes and sub-lead-lines are inserted in a pair of through holes of the ceramic body and the pair of electrodes are fixed by an inorganic adhesive within the through holes. The openings of the pair of through holes of the ceramic body at the opposite end with respect to the detector element are closed by a sealing material of an electrically insulating metal oxide.
Abstract:
A gas sensor including a gas sensing element whose electrical resistance varies in accordance with the gas composition in the exhaust gas, especially the oxygen content in the exhaust gas, and a reference resistor connected in series with the gas sensing element. A predetermined voltage is applied across the series circuit of the gas sensing element and the reference resistor to detect the gas composition in the exhaust gas by a voltage at the junction point of the gas sensing element and the reference resistor. The gas sensor further comprises a circuit for monitoring the voltage at the junction point and another circuit responsive to the monitoring circuit to change the resistance of the reference resistor so that when the voltage at the junction point exceeds the predetermined range, the resistance of the reference resistor is changed such that the voltage at the junction point may change within the predetermined range in the state after the reference resistor is changed to ensure that the voltage at the junction point properly indicates the gas composition even if the resistance of the gas sensing element changes with the operating temperature of the gas sensing element or with time.
Abstract:
A gas detection apparatus with a gas detection element of which the electric resistance changes in accordance with a gas constituent, especially oxygen, in exhaust gas, wherein a fixed voltage is applied to a series circuit of the gas detection element and the reference resistor, and from the voltge at the voltage dividing point between the gas detection element and the reference resistor it is detected whether the gas constituent has exceeded a predetermined range or not. The gas detection apparatus includes a plurality of comparators each for comparing the voltage at the voltage dividing point with a corresponding one of the reference voltages to generate a comparison signal, and a logic circuit responsive to the rise or fall of the comparison signals showing that the gas constituent has exceeded a predetermined range.
Abstract:
A catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from vehicles comprises a monolithic carrier having a plurality of exhaust gas passages penetrating through the carrier, a layer of active refractory metallic oxide such as .gamma.-alumina, containing 1 to 20% by weight of a catalytic metal such as platinum deposited as first layer on inside surfaces of said plurality of the passages, and a layer of exhaust gas-permeable refractory metallic oxide such as .gamma.-alumina free from a catalytic metal deposited as an outermost layer further upon the first layer.
Abstract:
A monitoring node periodically transmits an active/inactive monitoring signal to selection target nodes. Upon receipt of the active/inactive monitoring signal, each selection target node calculates a current subscriber accommodated ratio, which is load information, creates an active/inactive monitoring response signal based on the load information, and transmits the active/inactive monitoring response signal to the monitoring node. Upon receipt of the active/inactive monitoring response signal from the selection target node, the monitoring node extracts the load information from the active/inactive monitoring response signal, determines the relevant acquisition ratio based on the load information, and performs the selection procedure of a destination node based on the determined acquisition ratio.
Abstract:
A vibration sensor includes a vibration body, a drive circuit that vibrates the vibration body, a sense circuit that refers to a reference signal associated with a drive signal for the drive circuit and detects a physical state of the vibration body on the basis of a sense signal related to vibration of the vibration body, and a capacitor provided between the drive circuit and ground. The capacitor has a temperature characteristic of a capacitance value defined so as to compensate for at least a part of the temperature characteristic of a sensitivity of the sense signal to the vibration of the vibration body.
Abstract:
An information reproduction device comprises means for storing a first menu language code which can be set by a user; and means for storing a second menu language code which can be set by data recorded in an information storage medium.
Abstract:
Air fuel ratio sensor for use in an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine. The sensor has an outer and inner cover 12 and 13 for protection of lead wires 16, 18 and 19 to a detecting element 3 and a heater 5 of the sensor, a rubber seal for 2 for obtaining a sealing between the covers and the lead wires and a water repellent filter 36 for obtaining a seal between the inner and outer covers 12 and 13, while keeping an air ventilation capability of the space inside the covers. For receiving the lead wires 16, 18 and 19, the seal 2 is formed with holes 20 such that the minimum thickness between the holes and the minimum thickness between the hole and an outer surface of the seal is 1 mm or more. A crimping of the outer cover 12 is done so that a deformation of the seal 2 in a range between 10 to 20% of the outer diameter is obtained. A crimping of the outer cover 12 is further done at a first section 12A at a larger force for fixation of the outer cover 12 to the inner cover 12 and at a second section 12B at a smaller force for holding the water repellent filter 36 between the outer and inner covers. In the crimping, the crimping at the first section is completed simultaneously or earlier from the completion of the crimping at the second section.