公开(公告)号：US06924407B2

公开(公告)日：2005-08-02

申请号：US09940015

申请日：2001-08-27

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Christopher James Lyon

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Christopher James Lyon

IPC分类号： B01J3/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J31/10 ,  B01J31/40 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J38/00 ,  B01J38/04 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C2/58 ,  C07C2/62 ,  C07C9/15 ,  C07C9/16 ,  C07C9/18 ,  C07C9/21 ,  C07C11/02 ,  C10G29/20 ,  C07C2/56 ,  B01J20/00 ,  C07C5/22

CPC分类号： B01J31/4007 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J8/0207 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  B01J31/10 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J35/1014 ,  B01J35/1019 ,  B01J38/00 ,  B01J2038/005 ,  B01J2208/00628 ,  B01J2219/00202 ,  B01J2219/00213 ,  B01J2219/00231 ,  B01J2231/323 ,  B01J2231/52 ,  B01J2231/641 ,  C07C2/58 ,  C07C2531/10 ,  C10G29/205 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  Y10S585/952

摘要： Improved methods for conducting solid acid-catalyzed, near- or supercritical heterogeneous chemical reactions (e.g., alkylation reactions) are provided which give enhanced product yields and permit longer processing runs. The preferred reactions of the invention are carried out in the presence of a solid macroporous catalyst having a surface area of from about 50-400 m2/g and a pore size of from about 70-150 Å. Product selectivity is enhanced by pressure-tuning of the reaction to promote production and separation of desired reaction products. In continuous processing, the chemical reaction may be interrupted before significant catalyst deactivation, followed by increasing reactor pressure and/or reducing reactor temperature to remove the accumulating coke; when the catalyst is regenerated, the original reaction conditions and reactant introduction may be resumed.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于进行固体酸催化，近或超临界异质化学反应（例如烷基化反应）的改进方法，其提供增强的产物产率并允许更长的处理运行。 本发明的优选反应在表面积为约50-400m 2 / g和孔径为约70-150的固体大孔催化剂存在下进行。 产物选择性通过反应的压力调节来增强，以促进所需反应产物的产生和分离。 在连续加工中，化学反应可能在显着的催化剂失活之前中断，随后增加反应器压力和/或降低反应器温度以除去积聚的焦炭; 当再生催化剂时，可以恢复原始的反应条件和反应物的引入。

公开(公告)号：US6113795A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-05

申请号：US193660

申请日：1998-11-17

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  David J. Bochniak

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  David J. Bochniak

IPC分类号： B01D11/04 ,  B01D61/14 ,  C30B7/00 ,  B01D61/00

CPC分类号： B01D11/0407 ,  B01D61/14 ,  C30B29/605 ,  C30B7/00

摘要： Processes and apparatuses are provided for continuously harvesting particles from organic solution-laden near-critical and supercritical fluids. Broadly, the processes and apparatuses utilize a filter or separator comprising a thin membrane supported on a sintered stainless steel tube. A feed stream comprising the desired particles, a supercritical antisolvent for the particles (preferably CO.sub.2), and a solvent for the particles, is contacted with the membrane layer of the filter under supercritical conditions for the mixture of antisolvent and solvent. The preferred antisolvents are substantially miscible with the solvent and have a critical temperature of less than 160.degree. C. The desired particles are retained by the filter while the solvent and most of the antisolvent pass through the filter, resulting in separation of the particles from the solvent.

摘要翻译： 提供了从有机溶液附近临界和超临界流体中连续收集颗粒的方法和装置。 广泛地，该方法和设备利用一种过滤器或分离器，其包括负载在烧结的不锈钢管上的薄膜。 包含所需颗粒的进料流，用于颗粒的超临界反溶剂（优选CO 2）和颗粒的溶剂在超临界条件下与反应溶剂和溶剂的混合物与过滤器的膜层接触。 优选的反溶剂与溶剂基本上是可混溶的并且具有小于160℃的临界温度。所需的颗粒被过滤器保留，而溶剂和大部分反溶剂通过过滤器，导致颗粒从 溶剂。

公开(公告)号：US5833891A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-10

申请号：US805215

申请日：1997-02-27

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  Valentino Stella

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Roger A. Rajewski ,  Valentino Stella

IPC分类号： A61K9/16 ,  A61K9/50 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B05D1/02 ,  B01D11/00

CPC分类号： A61K9/1676 ,  A61K9/1688 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B05D1/025 ,  A61K9/1694 ,  A61K9/5089 ,  B05D2401/90

摘要： Improved methods and apparatus for particle precipitation and coating using near- or supercritical fluid conditions are described. A fluid dispersion having a continuous phase dispersant and at least one precipitatable substance therein is contacted with a supercritical fluid (SCF) antisolvent so as to generate focused high frequency antisolvent sonic waves, breaking up the dispersion into extremely small droplets; the enhanced mass transfer rates between the droplets and the antisolvent causes precipitation of very small particles on the order of 0.1-10 .mu.m. In coating processes, a turbulent fluidized flow of core particles is created using an SCF antisolvent in an enclosed zone. The core particles are contacted therein at near- or supercritical conditions by a fluid dispersion containing a dispersant together with a precipitatable substance. The antisolvent depletes the dispersant and the substance is precipitated onto the fluidized core particles. In another aspect of the invention, a process for preparing and administering a medicament using only a single container is provided. In such method, a fluid dispersion having a dispersant with the medicament therein is contacted with an antisolvent at near- or supercritical conditions within a use container, so as to directly precipitate small particles of the medicament in the container. The antisolvent is then removed and the use container is sealed with the medicament particles therein. Thereafter, dose(s) of the medicament can be withdrawn from the use container and administered to a patient.

摘要翻译： 描述了使用近或超临界流体条件改进颗粒沉淀和涂层的方法和装置。 具有连续相分散剂和至少一种可沉淀物质的流体分散体与超临界流体（SCF）反溶剂接触，以产生聚焦的高频反溶剂声波，将分散体分解成极小的液滴; 液滴和抗溶剂之间的增强的传质速率导致非常小的颗粒的沉淀约0.1-10μm。 在涂覆过程中，使用封闭区域中的SCF反溶剂产生核心颗粒的湍流流化流。 核心颗粒在近或超临界条件下通过含有分散剂和可沉淀物质的流体分散体接触。 反溶剂消耗分散剂，物质沉淀在流化核心颗粒上。 在本发明的另一方面，提供了仅使用单一容器制备和施用药物的方法。 在这种方法中，将具有药物的分散剂的流体分散体与使用容器内的近临界或超临界条件下的反溶剂接触，从而将药物的小颗粒直接沉淀在容器中。 然后将抗溶剂除去，并将使用容器用其中的药物颗粒密封。 此后，药物的剂量可以从使用容器中取出并给予患者。

公开(公告)号：US5690809A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-25

申请号：US634293

申请日：1996-04-18

申请人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Michael C. Clark

发明人： Bala Subramaniam ,  Said Saim ,  Michael C. Clark

IPC分类号： B01J3/00 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/22 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C10G9/16

CPC分类号： B01J3/008 ,  C07C2/54 ,  C07C5/2206 ,  C07C5/226 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C07C2521/04 ,  C07C2523/42 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y10S585/95

摘要： An improved process is provided for in situ mitigation of coke buildup and porous catalyst used for the processing of hydrocarbon feed stocks. The process exhibits improved catalyst activity over extended periods and the process comprises the pretreatment of hydrocarbon feed stocks to reduce impurities in the feed stocks in the form of peroxides and oxygen compounds that promote the formation of coke precursors, which precursors are typically in the form of olefinic oligomers. The process includes contacting the pretreated feed stream with a suitable catalyst under sub-critical, near-critical and supercritical conditions.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种改进的方法，用于原位缓解用于加氢烃原料的焦炭积聚和多孔催化剂。 该方法在长时间内表现出改善的催化剂活性，并且该方法包括预处理烃原料以减少促进焦炭前体形成的过氧化物和氧化合物形式的原料中的杂质，该前体通常为 烯属低聚物。 该方法包括在亚临界，接近临界和超临界条件下使预处理的进料流与合适的催化剂接触。