摘要:
A module for optical communications includes a light receiving element which converts the light signal to an electric signal and an insulating substrate including first and second surfaces opposite to each other. An output section is provided on the first surface and extracts the electric signal as reverse and non-reverse signals. First and second connection terminals are connected to the output section and output the reverse and non-reverse signals. First and second wiring patterns are provided on the first surface. The first and second wiring patterns are electrically connected to one of the first and second wiring patterns and the other one thereof. The first and second wiring patterns have first and second ends, respectively. The first and second ends are provided in order in a direction intersecting with a line connecting the first and second connection terminals.
摘要:
In a toroidal continuously variable transmission the amount of traction oil provided to contact areas between the power rollers and the input and output discs is increased as a power to be transmitted is increased. Nozzle holes formed in rockable trunnions of the transmission so that the traction oil ejected from the nozzle holes is sprayed to circumferential positions of inner surfaces of input and output discs that are in contact with peripheral surfaces of power rollers. Transmission efficiency is enhanced while maintaining endurance and reliability without supplying excessive traction oil.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method for producing cerium oxide comprising rapid heating of cerium salts to a calcining temperature to calcine them, a cerium oxide abrasive containing the cerium oxide produced by the method and pure water, an abrasive containing a slurry in which cerium oxide particles having an intensity ratio of an area of a primary peak appearing at 27 to 30° to that of a secondary peak appearing at 32 to 35° (primary peak/secondary peak) in a powder X-ray diffraction chart of 3.20 or more are dispersed in a medium, an abrasive containing a slurry in which cerium oxide particles whose bulk density is 6.5 g/cm3 or less are dispersed into a medium, an abrasive containing a slurry in which abrasive grains having pores are dispersed into a medium, a method for polishing a substrate comprising polishing a predetermined substrate using the abrasive; and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor comprising the step of polishing by the abrasive.
摘要翻译:本发明提供了一种生产氧化铈的方法,包括将铈盐快速加热至煅烧温度以煅烧它们,含有通过该方法生产的氧化铈的氧化铈磨料和纯水,含有其中氧化铈颗粒 在粉末X射线衍射图中,出现在32〜35°(一次峰/次峰)的二峰出现在27-30度的一次峰的面积的强度比分散在3.20以上分散 在介质中,含有其中堆积密度为6.5g / cm 3以下的氧化铈颗粒分散在介质中的浆料的研磨剂,含有其中具有孔的磨粒的浆料分散在介质中的研磨剂, 抛光衬底,包括使用研磨剂抛光预定衬底; 以及一种用于制造半导体的方法,包括通过研磨剂抛光的步骤。
摘要:
When starting of an in-cylinder injection engine 1 is detected, a cylinder discrimination, which discriminates each cylinder, is effected. After each cylinder is discriminated, it is determined whether or not a water temperature detected by a water temperature sensor 16 exceeds a predetermined value. When the water temperature is below the predetermined value, fuel injection is started from the fuel injection valve 4 of a cylinder subjected to at least one compression stroke. Thereby, the cylinder discrimination is effected quickly, and it is made possible to raise the temperature within the combustion chamber 5, by means lapse of at least one compression stroke, at low water temperatures at which the starting ability tends to be deteriorated, and the starting ability of the in-cylinder injection engine 1 at low water temperatures is improved while shortening the starting time.
摘要:
An operating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor for driving the vehicle and an internal combustion engine for power generation. Upon completion of the activation of a catalyst, the engine is operated in warm-up mode with a small throttle valve opening, and when the output of a water temperature gauge thereafter reaches a predetermined value and the warm-up operation has completed, the engine is operated with a large throttle valve opening for the power generation. Thus, the hybrid vehicle can enjoy improved exhaust gas characteristics and increased cruising range and power performances. If it is determined that the storage amount of a battery is smaller than a predetermined storage amount when a starter key is so operated as to stop the vehicle, an alarm lamp is lighted, thus informing the driver of engine operation, and the engine operation is continued until the predetermined battery storage amount is reached or a predetermine time elapses from the start of the engine operation, whereby the battery is reliably charged. Accordingly, the battery can be reliably charged with power necessary to start the vehicle, and the cruising range and power performances of the vehicle are improved.
摘要:
A safety distance measuring device employing an electromagnetic wave is provided. A laser diode 2 is energized to emit laser beams by a laser diode drive circuit 3 in accordance with a clock signal generated by a control circuit 29. The emitted laser beams are sequentially changed to predetermined scanning directions by a scanner 1 associated with control circuit 29. The scanned laser beams from scanner 1 are reflected by an object 19 to be received by a photodiode 5. An output of the photodiode is applied to control circuit 29 through a light receiving circuit 6 where an elapsed time from emission to receipt is computed to obtain a distance from scanner 1 to object 19. Based on data relating to scanning directions by a scanning position detector 4, a begin-and-end detecting circuit 28 can stop the radiation of electromagnetic waves around a scanning start point and a scanning end point which is danger to human bodies.
摘要:
An operating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor for driving the vehicle and an internal combustion engine for power generation. Upon completion of the activation of a catalyst, the engine is operated in warm-up mode with a small throttle valve opening, and when the output of a water temperature gauge thereafter reaches a predetermined value and the warm-up operation has completed, the engine is operated with a large throttle valve opening for the power generation. Thus, the hybrid vehicle can enjoy improved exhaust gas characteristics and increased cruising range and power performances. If it is determined that the storage amount of a battery is smaller than a predetermined storage amount when a starter key is so operated as to stop the vehicle, an alarm lamp is lighted, thus informing the driver of engine operation, and the engine operation is continued until the predetermined battery storage amount is reached or a predetermine time elapses from the start of the engine operation, whereby the battery is reliably charged. Accordingly, the battery can be reliably charged with power necessary to start the vehicle, and the cruising range and power performances of the vehicle are improved.
摘要:
In a fuel blending ratio detecting method, a first blending ratio of the methanol in the fuel supplied to an internal combustion engine is detected by a blending ratio sensor; an air/fuel ratio feedback compensation coefficient computed on the basis of an output of an O.sub.2 sensor is used to compute a feedback learned value, and the current blending ratio compensation coefficient is multiplied by this value to compute the next blending ratio compensation coefficient so as to obtain a second blending ratio; the current blending ratio compensation coefficient is multiplied by a peak mean value of the computed feedback compensation coefficient to compute the next blending ratio compensation coefficient so as to obtain a third blending ratio; and the first, second or third blending ratio is selected according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. Thus, the selected blending ratio is always used as the control blending ratio very close to the true ratio, so that the internal combustion engine can be accurately controlled.
摘要:
A fuel blending ratio detecting method is provided wherein a feedback compensation coefficient K.sub.FB is computed on the basis of an air/fuel ratio responsive output V.sub.o of an O.sub.2 sensor, and a current blending ratio compensation coefficient K.sub.B is multiplied by a peak mean value K.sub.PEAK of the current and preceding peak values of the computed feedback compensation coefficient K.sub.FB to compute the next blending ratio compensation coefficient K.sub.B. Thus, the quantity of fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine can be always controlled accurately on the basis of the computed blending ratio compensation coefficient.
摘要:
In an engine using fuel mixture of gasoline and methanol, the present control system compensates a detection value of a blend ratio sensor with a detection value of a knock sensor, or causes trouble detecting means to detect a failure of the blend ratio sensor and memories the blend ratio immediately before the failure as an assumed blend ratio and compensates the stored value with the detection value of the knock sensor, whereby the engine control is executed based on the control blend ratio and the ignition timing acquired through the compensation.