Abstract:
An optical device for generating a beat frequency between two optical wavelengths includes two waveguides (2a, 2b) of different width and a grating layer (4) that is common to both wave guides.
Abstract:
An efficient and easily user-modified fixing of the conditions, under which the positional data of the user may be transmitted (8b) to a poller (11) is made possible by means of a method for polling the concordance of a user of a mobile radio terminal (13 in a mobile radio network, to the transmission (8b) of the positional data thereof to a poller (11), whereby in the case of a poll (1) by a poller (11) for the position (5) of the mobile radio, terminal (13), the poll data is supplemented according to a preset specification (20 or 21 or 22 or 23) for said poller (11), before a transmission (2c) of the polled data from the poll (1) to an exchange (14) in the mobile radio network (14, 16, (12), on the basis of which (20 to 23) it may at least be determined (14) whether a concordance on the part of the mobile radio terminal (13) for the transmission (8b) of the mobile radio terminal position to the poller (11) will be obtained. At least when the specification (20 to 23) determines that the concordance will be obtained (22, 23), a request (3) for explanation of the concordance is sent from the exchange (14) to the mobile radio terminal (13). For a transmission (8b) of the position of the terminal (13) to the poller (11), whether said position should be sent (8b) to said poller (11) is checked at least by means of given stored conditions (16, 18)
Abstract:
Laser frequency locking apparatus (5), comprising: a slave laser (15), having associated with it means (14, 18) for coupling and/or means (18, 25) for coupling and propagating signals received and emitted; a phase lock loop (24); and a controller (16), operable to control the slave laser, wherein an output of a reference signal source (1) associated with a master source (2, 3), and receivable therefrom, is utilised in the phase lock loop to render the output frequency of the slave laser the same as an output frequency of the master source. The invention described relates to a technique for generating a set of highly stable optical frequency channels. There are provided methods and systems of locking laser frequencies and of synthesizing frequencies.
Abstract:
A multi DFB laser diode for generating spontaneous pulses comprises first and second DFB sections each of which has a substrate including a diffraction grating, an active layer formed on the substrate, a clad layer formed on the active layer and including a refraction varying layer, and an electrode formed on the active layer; and a phase tuning section including a substrate, an active layer formed on the substrate, a clad layer formed on the active layer, and an electrode isolated from the electrode of the first and second DFB sections. The refraction varying layer in the active layer of the first DFB section has a refractive index different from that of the refraction varying layer in the active layer of the second DFB section.
Abstract:
A tunable optical oscillator that generates optical signals at a band of micro- to millimeter-wave is provided. The tunable optical oscillator includes an electrical signal generator for generating an electrical signal at the predetermined band; a master laser that is driven by the electrical signal, and generates an optical signal having a first frequency; and a slave laser that is driven by an electrical signal, injected into the optical signal generated by the master laser, generates an optical signal having a second frequency, and mixes the received optical signal with the optical signal having a second frequency to be output. The tunable optical oscillator is capable of generating signals over a broadband including micro- to millimeter-wave and beyond, say, from tens of MHz to several THz. The generated signals by the optical oscillator have also frequency tunability over the range of tens of GHz with coarse tuning methods to tens of MHz with fine tuning methods.
Abstract:
The optically-based frequency synthesizer for generating an electric output signal at a preselected frequency having a given period that can be changed over a wide band of frequencies for communication purposes, comprises a modulator having an input for receiving a command signal, and an output for generating a current driving signal having a DC component, and a modulating component formed of an AC signal having a predetermined time period which is an integer multiple of the period of the preselected frequency, and an amplitude responsive to the command signal, a laser having an input for receiving the current driving signal, the coherent light signal having a given coherence time; optical isolators for receiving the light signal emitted by said laser; a splitter having an input optically connected to the isolators; a first optical path having an end optically connected to the splitter; and a second optical path having an end optically connected to the splitter, and a delay means along its length, the time delay being shorter than the coherence time. The synthesizer also comprises a recombiner having first and second inputs optically connected to the paths respectively; and a non-linear device having an input optically connected to an output of the recombiner, and an output for generating the electric output signal at the preselected frequency.
Abstract:
A method for physical random number generation includes the steps of: modulating the gain of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser periodically from the lower threshold to the upper threshold and back; maintaining the gain per round trip positive for a longer period than the round trip time of the cavity; maintaining the net gain per round trip negative for a longer period than the round trip time of the cavity, in order to create optical pulses of random amplitude; detecting the optical pulses; converting the optical pulses into electrical analog pulses; and digitising the electrical analog pulses into random numbers.
Abstract:
An optical module includes a semiconductor laser with an active layer disproportionately positioned closer to the first surface. The semiconductor laser includes a reflector for reflecting the light outgoing from the active layer in a direction along the first surface toward another direction. The active layer and the reflector are monolithically integrated in the semiconductor laser. The optical module includes a carrier formed from a light transmissive material and having a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other. The semiconductor laser is mounted on the carrier so as for the light to enter the third surface. The carrier has a lens integrally on the fourth surface. The optical module includes a substrate having an optical waveguide and an optical coupler for guiding the light to the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide and the optical coupler are integrated in the substrate.
Abstract:
A process and system for producing random numbers by means of a quantum random number generator is disclosed, comprising the steps of operating a multimode laser in a laser cavity with periodic modulation of a net gain, and detecting the random intensity pattern produced by the inter-mode beating occurring within the laser cavity. The numbers produced are truly random and a minimal number of elements is required for operating the system.
Abstract:
A process and system for producing random numbers by means of a quantum random number generator is disclosed, comprising the steps of operating a multimode laser in a laser cavity with periodic modulation of a net gain, and detecting the random intensity pattern produced by the inter-mode beating occurring within the laser cavity. The numbers produced are truly random and a minimal number of elements is required for operating the system.