摘要:
A display element according to the present invention is provided with a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a medium between the substrates, wherein optical anisotropy magnitude of the medium is changeable by and according to an electric field applied thereon; at least one pair of electrodes for applying, on the medium, the electric field substantially parallel to the substrates; and a shielding electrode overlapping at least a display portion of at least one of the substrates, and used for shielding the display element from static electricity.
摘要:
A display element of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; a medium layer, made of a medium sandwiched between the substrates 1 and 2, whose magnitude of an optical anisotropy is changed by applying an electric field; and at least a pair of electrodes applying to the medium layer an electric field which is substantially parallel to the substrates. The electrodes are provided above the substrate via insulating layers each of which is formed in a convex shape. Therefore, a maximal electric field region generated by the electrodes is separated from interfaces of the substrates.
摘要:
A liquid crystal optical element includes two substrates, a liquid crystal layer, and at least two electrodes. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the substrates and includes liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dye molecules. The at least two electrodes are provided on the substrates so as to face each other with the liquid crystal layer interposed between them, and define one of multiple unit regions. In each unit region, the liquid crystal layer includes first and second liquid crystal regions within a range, which is approximately half or less as long as the wavelength of visible radiation as measured in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the substrates. The orientation directions of each pair of liquid crystal molecules in the first and second liquid crystal regions have azimuthal directions defining an angle of approximately 90 degrees while no voltage is being applied between the electrodes.
摘要:
As new dibekacin derivatives and new arbekacin derivatives are now provided 2"-amino-2"-deoxydibekacin, 2"-amino-5,2"-dideoxydibekacin, 2"-amino-2"-deoxyarbekacin, 2"-amino-5,2"-dideoxyarbekacin, 2"-amino-5,2"-dideoxy-5-epi-fluoroarbekacin and 2"-amino-5,2"-dideoxy-5-epi-aminoarbekacin which all exhibit high antibacterial activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and which are of low toxicity to mammals and are useful as antibacterial agent for treatment of bacterial infections.
摘要:
16-membered macrolide derivatives represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a COR.sup.6 group, wherein R.sup.6 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a COR.sup.6 group, wherein R.sup.6 is as defined above; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a COR.sup.6 group, wherein R.sup.6 is as defined above; R.sup.4 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted allyl group; and R.sup.5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed. These compounds show excellent and long-acting antimicrobial activities. A novel process for producing these 16-membered macrolide derivatives is further disclosed.
摘要:
A novel 2-piperidinecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom to which a hydrogen atom is bound; and * represents that the configuration of the carbon atom binding to the carboxyl group is (S), (R) or a mixture of (S) and (R); and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which exerts an antitumor effect over a wide range of tumor cells.
摘要:
A new class of cephalosporin derivatives is provided, which is useful as antibacterial agent to be particularly suitable for oral administrations in mammals including man, and which is represented by general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or an ester-forming group capable of being cleaved easily with an esterase existing in the digestive tracts; n is an integer of zero or 1; Z is a saturated heterocyclic group containing one or two oxygen atoms as the hetero-atoms with or without one or more lower alkyl substituents, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
摘要:
A novel actinonin derivative and a salt thereof are provided, which are useful as enzyme inhibitors and particularly have strong inhibitory activities against enkephalinase and angiotensin-converting enzymes. This actinonin derivative is represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is sulfoxymethyl or carboxyl or a substituted carboxyl group selected from carboxamide, hydroxyaminocarbonyl and alkoxycarbonyl groups; and R.sup.2 is hydroxyl, alkoxy, hydroxyamino or sulfoxyamino group.
摘要:
A thiazole or imidazole derivative having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a phenyl or heteroaryl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a benzene ring which may be optionally substituted by a halogen atom or a lower alkyl optionally substituted by a halogen atom, lower alkoxy or nitro group;A represents a sulfur atom or --NH--;B represents a lower alkoxy group optionally substituted by a halogen atom; a five- or six-membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing one nitrogen or oxygen atom which ring may be optionally substituted; a six-membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing one oxygen atom plus one nitrogen atom; a group --XR.sup.3 where X represents a group --NR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each independently represent a lower alkyl group; or a group --NHC(.dbd.Y)R.sup.5 where Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom or a group .dbd.NCN or .dbd.CHNO.sub.2, and R.sup.5 represents a group --NHR.sup.6 or --SR.sup.6 wherein R.sup.6 represents a lower alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom;m is an integer from 1 to 4; andn is an integer from 0 to 2;and their pharmacologically acceptable salts. The compounds have an antiulcerative activity.
摘要:
Novel N-(dialkylaminoalkyl)-substituted derivatives or N-(dialkylaminoalkyl)-N-alkyl-substituted derivatives of oxamic acid are now synthetized and found to exhibit the cerebral protective effect against cerebral anoxia in brain of a mammalian animal, including human, and to be useful as an agent for improving or ameliorating the damaged or disturbed functions of the brain.