摘要:
An air quantity estimation apparatus for an internal combustion engine estimates intake pipe section pressure, which is pressure of air within an intake pipe section. When throttle valve opening is smaller than a threshold value, the apparatus estimates the intake pipe section pressure by use of an intercooler model constructed on the basis of conservation laws for air within the intercooler section and an intake pipe model constructed based on conservation laws for air within the intake pipe section. Meanwhile, when the throttle valve opening is greater than the threshold value, the apparatus estimates the intake pipe section pressure by use of an intercooler-intake pipe combined model constructed based on conservation laws for air within a combined section formed by combining the intercooler section and the intake pipe section. The apparatus estimates cylinder air quantity on the basis of the estimated intake pipe section pressure.
摘要:
There is provided wiring device for optical fiber capable of increasing the performance of construction work. A cover 2 is disposed in an aperture formed at front surface of the plug receptacle main body 1, the upper end thereof is rotatably supported to the plug receptacle main body 1, and a receptacle 3 is attached to the rear surface side of the cover 2. The receptacle 3 has a plug connection hole facing an outer surface side of a building at least at a used state and a plug connection portion into which a first optical-fiber plug being attached to the optical fiber cable wired to the inside of the building is inserted and connected, and optically connects the first optical fiber being connected to the plug connection portion and a second optical-fiber plug inserted from the outer surface side of the building through the plug connection hole. A notch 14 for inserting the first optical-fiber plug is formed at a sidewall 11b of the plug receptacle main body 1 which is located in the inserting direction of the optical fiber plug inserted and connected to the plug connection portion.
摘要:
There is provided wiring device for optical fiber capable of increasing the performance of connection work of an optical fiber cable without deteriorating a signal transmitting properties of the optical fiber cable. The wiring device comprise a plug receptacle main body which is mounted on a mounting opening opened in the outer surface of a building, a receptacle being provided to the plug receptacle main body and having a plug connection hole facing an outside of the plug receptacle main body, a winder including a winding body which has an outer circumferential surface of radius of curvature larger than the permitted minimum radius of curvature of an optical fiber cable wired to the inside of a building and connected to the receptacle and on which a core wire of the optical fiber cable is wound, and a retainer being provided on the plug receptacle main body to maintain the winder inner side of a building, in which the receptacle for optical fiber and the winder are arranged in parallel with each other in the front-back direction, and pressing pieces are formed integrally with the winder and the retainer for contacting the bent portion of the core wires to prevent the bent portion from being expanded.
摘要:
A ceramic slurry composition contains a mixture of a ceramic raw material powder, a water-soluble acrylic binder and water. A resin component of the water-soluble acrylic binder has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 500,000 and an inertial square radius in water of about 100 nm or less, and the alcohol content of the water-soluble acrylic binder is about 5% by weight or less when the resin content is 40% by weight. The pH of the ceramic slurry composition is preferably controlled to about 8.5 to 10
摘要:
A description is provided of an optical information recording and reproducing apparatus. The apparatus comprises: a holographic memory made of a photorefractive crystalline material; a support portion for detachably supporting the memory; a reference beam supplying portion for supplying a coherent reference beam of a first wavelength incident on the memory; a signal beam generating portion for supplying a coherent signal beam of the first wavelength, which is modulated in accordance with image data, incident on the memory, intersecting therein the signal beam with the reference beam, and generating a three-dimensional interference pattern of the beams; a detecting portion for detecting a diffracted light from a refractive index grating of the interference pattern in the memory, due to irradiation of the reference beam; and a medium position adjusting portion for moving a position of the support portion in accordance with a signal corresponding to positioning images from the detection portion. The memory includes a nonvolatile refractive index grating corresponding to a three-dimensional interference pattern of a coherent reference beam and a coherent signal beam, the coherent signal beam being modulated in accordance with positioning images.
摘要:
A process for producing a monolithic ceramic electronic component, which includes: providing a ceramic slurry, a conductive paste and a ceramic paste; forming a plurality of composite structures each comprising a ceramic green sheet produced by shaping the ceramic slurry, internal circuit element films formed by applying the conductive paste partially onto a main surface of the ceramic green sheet so as to provide step-like sections, and a ceramic green layer which compensates for spaces defined by the step-like sections, the ceramic green layer being formed by applying the ceramic paste onto the region on the main surface of the sheet on which the element films are not formed so as to substantially compensate for the spaces; forming a green laminate by laminating the composite structures; and firing the green laminate. A monolithic ceramic electronic component which is produced through the process; a ceramic paste; and a production process for the paste are also disclosed.
摘要:
Disclosed are a holographic memory medium for use in a holographic memory system, which can prevent generation of stray light of a gating beam at the time of recording information, and a recording apparatus which uses this memory medium. This memory medium records an information signal carried by a signal beam as a coherent reference beam and the signal beam enter the memory medium with a gating beam being present. The memory medium has at least a first surface and a second surface parallel to each other and comprises an antireflection coat, formed on the first surface, for preventing reflection of the gating beam. The recording apparatus records an information signal using a holographic memory medium and comprises a light absorbing member of absorbing the gating beam coming through the memory medium.
摘要:
A two-color hologram recording/reproducing apparatus is capable of directing interferable signal light and reference light into a hologram recording medium to record an information signal carried by the signal light. The hologram recording medium is sensitive to a first light at a first wavelength in an ultraviolet or short-wavelength visible light band to develop light induced absorption. The apparatus includes a light source for irradiating the hologram recording medium with the first light, a laser light source for irradiating the hologram recording medium with signal light and reference light at a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength after the first light is irradiated, and a gate light source for directing gate light at a third wavelength into the hologram recording medium. The gate light causes the hologram recording medium to develop a recording sensitivity to activate or inactivate a refractive index grating in accordance with existence or non-existence of a light interference pattern formed by the signal light and the reference light.
摘要:
A vehicular drive unit having a combustion engine, a motor-generator for converting electric energy coming from a battery into mechanical energy to output the converted mechanical energy or for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy to store the converted electrical energy in the battery, and a planetary gear including at least three rotary elements. The vehicular drive unit further includes a continuously variable transmission for changing the revolution of an input member continuously variably to output the changed revolution to the drive wheels of the vehicle. The planetary gear has a first rotary element connected to the output shaft of the combustion engine, a secondary element acting in reaction against the first rotary element and connected to the motor-generator, and a third rotary element connected to the input member of the continuously variable transmission.
摘要:
A recordable optical recording medium having sufficiently high reflectance and modulation factor to insure consistent reproduction on CD players. The optical recording medium of the present invention has a light-transparent substrate having pregrooves formed in the face of one surface, a light-absorbing layer formed on the pregrooves, a light-reflecting layer formed on said light-absorbing layer, wherein the pregrooves have a depth of .lambda./6.5 n-.lambda./2.5 n (where .lambda. is the wavelength of recording or reproducing light in nanometers, and n is the refractive index of the substrate) and a width of 0.35-0.47 .mu.m.