摘要:
On a transparent substrate, by use of, for instance, vapor deposition, an Al film is formed. Subsequently, with a DC-bias applied on a surface of the Al film, a first zinc oxide thin film is formed by use of a sputtering method. On a surface of the first zinc oxide thin film, according to an atmospheric MO-CVD method, a second zinc oxide thin film is formed. When the second zinc oxide thin film deposited by use of an MO-CVD method is formed on the first zinc oxide thin film having a-axis orientation, the second zinc oxide thin film becomes to have the a-axis orientation. Since the Al thin film, owing to heat during the deposition by use of the MO-CVD method, is absorbed in the first zinc oxide thin film, the transparency is improved. As a result, a sample having a ZnO/ZnO/Al/glass structure becomes high in the transparency as a whole.
摘要:
The surface of a silicon substrate is covered with a natural oxide film having a thickness of several tens of angstroms. In an initial process, the natural oxide film is removed with hydrogen fluoride (HF) diluted with pure water to 10% (process(1)). The surface of the silicon substrate from which the oxide film has been removed is covered with hydrogen atoms. A large amount of plasma energy is applied to the silicon substrate in a process (2) for depositing a ZnO thin film thereon by sputtering. Hydrogen is dissociated by this energy at low temperature as well as a thin film buffer layer, in which an amorphous material and fine crystals are mixed, is formed by easing the difference of lattice intervals between silicon and zinc oxide. Next, in a process (3), a ZnO thin film of high quality is formed on the buffer layer by MO-CVD using it as a seed crystal. With this arrangement, a zinc oxide semiconductor member suitable for a light receiving element can be formed on a silicon substrate.
摘要:
In an optical waveguide device, a laser beam is collected to an end face of a channel waveguide, and introduced into a PLZT thin film optical waveguide. The incident laser beam, when emitted from the channel waveguide, diverges in the PLZT waveguide, permeates a thin film lens and is collimated into 0.4 Mm size. When a high frequency voltage is not applied to a comb Al electrode, the laser beam is collected after penetrating through the second thin film and emitted from the end face through the channel waveguide to form an emission beam. When the high frequency voltage is applied to the comb Al electrode, a diffraction grating is formed by an acousto-optic effect, and the laser beam is deflected. The deflected laser beam, when penetrating through the second thin film lens, is collected and emitted from the end face through the channel waveguide in adjacent with the above-described channel waveguide to form a deflected emission beam.
摘要:
An ink-jet recording apparatus jetts an ink droplet from a free surface of an ink material by propagating a surface acoustic wave. The apparatus includes a substrate, a slant face formed on the substrate, The slant face contacts the ink material with a grade in use. A vibration generator for generating plural surface acoustic waves, is formed on the substrate away from the ink material in use, and the plural surface acoustic waves are propagated along with the substrate and changed into plural longitudinal waves having propagating directions in the ink material. The propagating directions will be concentrated at a certain portion within the ink material.
摘要:
An ink jet recording device for jetting an ink droplet from a free surface of an ink material includes: an ink container for containing the ink material and providing the free surface of the ink material therein; a vibrating member for providing a vibrating energy to the free surface of the ink material by contacting thereto at an interface portion between the free surface of the ink material and the ink container, wherein the vibrating means surrounds the free surface so that the vibrating energy is concentrated at one specific portion on the free surface of the ink material in order to jet the ink droplet therefrom; and an actuating system for actuating the vibrating member. An ink jet recording method using the same is also disclosed.
摘要:
A photoconductive material comprises a photocarrier generating zone using a wide-band gap material and a photocarrier moving zone using an amorphous silicon material. A photocarrier generating zone including a silicon atom as a principal atom comprises an amorphous silicon which contains at least one kind of atom selected from a group including oxygen, nitrogen and carbon and also contains an atom which terminates a dangling bond of a silicon. This photoconductive material can be used for various devices because of its wide-band gap and high photosensitivity.
摘要:
The present invention is concerned with a photosensitive material for electrophotography that comprises forming a photosensitive layer on a substrate, wherein said photosensitive layer is constructed by laminating a charge transfer layer, a first charge carrier generating layer and a second charge carrier generating layer in order from said substrate side to free surface, and said charge transfer layer and second charge carrier generating layer each has a band gap wider than that of said first charge carrier generating layer.