摘要:
A communications transmitter configured to reduce the average-to-minimum magnitude ratio (AMR) of a communications signal includes a symbol mapper, a pulse-shaping filter, an AMR reduction circuit, and a modulator. The symbol mapper operates to generate a sequence of symbols from a binary-source data stream containing a message to be transmitted, and the pulse-shaping filter generates a baseband signal based on the sequence of symbols. The AMR reduction circuit is configured to compare a magnitude of a local minimum of samples of the baseband signal to various magnitude threshold levels, and to modify the baseband signal in one of two manners depending on the relationship of the magnitude of the local minimum and the various threshold levels. Finally, the modulator operates to modulate a carrier signal based on the modulation information contained in the modified baseband signal.
摘要:
A method for user authentication involves initiating an authentication process, receiving images associated with the authentication process, selecting an image from the images to generate a selection; and obtaining authentication based on the selection, where the image is associated with the authentication process and sent prior to initiating the authentication process.
摘要:
To provide an erasing device whose power consumption required for erasing operations is suppressed, which does not spoil the portability of an optical writing type display medium. In a first display function layer, voltages applied to two cholesteric liquid crystal layers when an erasing voltage is applied between a pair of electrodes are defined as V1, V2, respectively, and threshold voltages with which the cholesteric liquid crystal layers change to the homeotropic alignment are defined as Vth1, Vth2, respectively. In that case, in a state the voltages V1 and V2 are determined according to only each resistance of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers and resistance of a photoconductive layer, i.e., a sufficient time has passed from a point at which the erasing voltage is applied, V1≧Vth1 and V2≧Vth2 apply.
摘要:
A nonlinear filter includes: a determination unit that determines, based on I and Q signals inputted into the determination unit, whether or not to perform pulse insertion; a rotation detector that detects a rotation direction of the I and Q signals on an IQ plane with respect to the origin of the IQ plane; a pulse generator that generates, when the determination unit determines to perform the pulse insertion, a pulse of which at least one of the direction and the magnitude is determined in accordance with at least the detected rotation direction; and an adder that inserts the pulse into the I and Q signals and outputs resultant I and Q signals.
摘要:
In order is to generate a pilot signal for estimating a transmission characteristic of a transmission channel suitable for OFDM/OQAM multicarrier modulation, a phase reference pilot symbol of which a modulation amplitude is suppressed to zero, and an amplitude reference pilot signal obtained through modulation performed by using an amplitude known to a reception end are transmitted from a transmission end. Further, the transmission characteristic of the transmission channel is estimated and compensated using the phase reference pilot signal and the amplitude reference pilot signal at the reception end. Accordingly, it is possible to simplify a frame generation process performed at the transmission end, and reduce transmission power for the phase reference pilot signal.
摘要:
A traction transmission capacity control device used in a drive force distribution device includes a second-roller turning means configured to turn the second roller around an eccentric axis deviated from a rotation axis of the second roller, and thereby to control a mutual radially-pressing force between the first roller and the second roller so that a traction transmission capacity is controlled. The traction transmission capacity control device further includes a one-direction turning-stop-position detecting means configured to detect a position at which the turning of the second roller stops after the second-roller turning means starts to turn the second roller in one direction; an another-direction turning-stop-position detecting means configured to detect a position at which the turning of the second roller stops after the second-roller turning means starts to turn the second roller in another direction; and a second-roller turning-motion reference-point setting means configured to set a center position between the position detected by the one-direction turning-stop-position detecting means and the position detected by the another-direction turning-stop-position detecting means, as a turning-motion reference point of the second roller. The traction transmission capacity control device is configured to perform a traction transmission capacity control based on a second-roller turning amount given from the turning-motion reference point of the second roller.
摘要:
Inter-carrier interference caused by frequency fluctuations, amplitude fluctuations, phase fluctuations, or the like is reduced without reducing a transmission efficiency. A receiving end has a canceling filter section that alleviates the inter-carrier interference caused by the frequency fluctuations, the amplitude fluctuations, the phase fluctuations, or the like through filtering processing. A transmitting end has a precoding section that facilitates determination of demodulation data in a vector demodulation section on the receiving end through precoding processing. Or, the receiving end has a trellis decoding section that decodes the demodulation data through trellis decoding processing.
摘要:
In MRAM, a write wiring clad in a ferromagnetic film has been used to reduce a write current or avoid disturbances. Besides, a CuAl wiring obtained by adding a trace of Al to a Cu wiring has been used widely to secure reliability of a high reliability product. There is a high possibility of MRAM being mounted in high reliability products so that reliability is important. Clad wiring however increases the resistance of the CuAl wiring, which is originally high, so that using both may fail to satisfy the specification of the wiring resistance. In the semiconductor device of the invention having plural copper-embedded wiring layers, copper wiring films of plural copper-embedded clad wirings configuring a memory cell matrix region of MRAM are made of relatively pure copper, while a CuAl wiring film is used as copper wiring films of copper-embedded non-clad wirings below these wiring layers.
摘要:
A transflective LCD unit includes an array of pixels each including a reflective area and a transmissive area. The LC layer has an effective retardation of λ/4 in the reflective area, and an effective retardation of λ/2 in the transmissive area. A retardation film disposed in the reflective area provides a retardation of λ/2 to the light passed thereby. An angle of θ between the optical axis of the retardation film and the polarized direction of the light is in a range of 0 degree
摘要:
The present invention provides a titanium slab for hot rolling which can be fed into a general purpose hot-rolling mill for producing strip coil, without passage through a breakdown process such as blooming or a straightening process, and can further suppress surface defect occurrence of the hot-rolled strip coil, and a method of producing and a method of rolling the same, characterized in that in the cast titanium slab an angle θ formed by the crystal growth direction (solidification direction) from the surface layer toward the interior and a direction parallel to the slab casting direction (longitudinal direction) is 45 to 90°, and moreover, there is a surface layer structure of 10 mm or greater whose θ is 70 to 90°, and further characterized in that a crystal grain layer of 10 mm or greater is formed whose C-axis direction inclination of a titanium a phase is, as viewed from the side of the slab to be hot rolled, in the range of 35 to 90° from the normal direction of the surface to be hot rolled. The titanium slab concerned is produced using an electron beam melting furnace by casting at an extraction rate of 1.0 cm/min or greater.