摘要:
A resin which comprises (1) at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit derived from 3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, a structural unit derived from 3,5-dihydroxy-1-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, a structural unit derived from (meth)acryloyloxy-γ-butyrolactone having a lactone ring optionally substituted by alkyl, a structural unit of the formula (Ia) and a structural unit of the formula and (2) a structural unit of the formula (II) and which itself is insoluble or poorly soluble in an alkali aqueous solution but becomes soluble in an alkali aqueous solution by the action of an acid; and also provides a chemical amplification type positive resist composition comprising a resin defined above and an acid generator.
摘要:
A method of quantifying the protection ratio of a hydroxyl group of a polymer compound, comprising calculating the protection ratio of a hydroxyl group of a polymer compound using a multiple regression calibration curve obtained by regression-analyzing main components of near infrared absorption spectra of a plurality of standards samples, from near infrared absorption spectra of samples containing a polymer compound composed of the following first structural unit and second structural unit: first structural unit: a structural unit of a structure having a hydroxyl group, second structural unit: a structural unit of a structure obtained by introducing a protective group into a hydroxyl group in the first structural unit. By this method, the protection ratio of a hydroxyl group of the polymer compound contained in a sample can be quantified with high precision in a short period of time without isolating the polymer compound.
摘要:
A roofing tile for performing solar-light power generation includes a roofing tile main body set tilted on a roof, and a photovoltaic module fixed to the main body. The roofing tile main body has a recess open upward. The photovoltaic module is stored and fixed in the recess. The roofing tile main body has an eaves-side edge portion. This edge portion has a plurality of drain ditches. Each drain ditch crosses the upper portion of the eaves-side edge portion and communicates with the recess. The level of the bottom surface of each drain ditch is equal to or lower than that of the bottom surface of the recess. With this construction, rainwater that has entered the recess is discharged through the drain ditches. Rainwater is drained by running the rainwater downward on the upper surface side of the eaves-side edge portion along the tilt direction of the roofing tile.
摘要:
A walking-type snow removal machine comprises a snow removing member provided at a front part of a body frame for pushing snow forward, and crawler belts provided on right and left sides of the body frame. The body frame carries thereon an electric motor and a battery. The electric motor drives right and left drive wheels to drive the crawler belts. The electric motor generates little noise as compared with an engine, and contributes to downsizing of the snow removal machine. The battery supplies electrical power to the electric motor.
摘要:
A precursor is made from a plurality of materials having different vapor pressures. The precursor and a source material are placed in a closed heat treatment furnace. The source material is materials which are the same as some of the materials contained in the precursor and having particular vapor pressures. The precursor and source material is thermally treated in the furnace while the source material is being supplied, so the particular materials in the precursor have their evaporation suppressed, thereby forming compounds. The compounds may be oxide superconductors, oxide dielectric, and so on.
摘要:
A 3-�(E)-1-propenyl!cephem compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, a protective group for an amino group, or the group shown by formula (II): ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is a protective group for an amino group, R.sup.4 is a protective group for a hydroxyl group, and W is --CH.dbd. or --N.dbd.; R.sup.2 represents a protective group for a carboxyl group; and X represents hydrogen or chlorine. The compound is useful as an intermediate for producing cephem antibiotics and is prepared by isomerizing the corresponding 3-�(Z)-1-propenyl!cephem compound in an inert organic solvent in the presence of an aromatic thiol. The compound of formula (I) wherein X is chlorine can be converted into a 3-�(E)-3-ammonio-1-propenyl!cephem derivative through the reaction with a tertiary amine.
摘要:
An output power control circuit is provided in a casing of a mobile radio apparatus together with an automatic power control circuit and an RF signal amplifier. The output power control circuit applied level control signals to the automatic power control circuit for maintaining the power level of the output RF signal of the RF amplifier at one of a plurality of output power levels corresponding to the level control signals. The output power control circuit has a receiver, a temperature sensing circuit and a logic circuit. The receiver receives RF signals transmitted by a master station and detects power level setting command signals included in the received RF signal. The temperature sensing circuit detects an internal temperature of the casing and provides a power reduction signal upon detecting that the internal temperature has exceeded a predetermined temperature. The logic circuit receives the power level setting command signal from said receiver, and generates a level control signal for determining an output power level corresponding to the power level setting command signal, and generates a level control signal for determining an output power level which is lower than that specified by the power level setting command signal upon receiving the power reduction signal from the temperature sensing circuit.