公开(公告)号：US4212911A

公开(公告)日：1980-07-15

申请号：US889524

申请日：1978-03-23

Applicant: Rudolf Bauerlein ,  Dieter Uhl ,  Heinrich Diepers ,  Karl-Heinz Jablonski

Inventor： Rudolf Bauerlein ,  Dieter Uhl ,  Heinrich Diepers ,  Karl-Heinz Jablonski

IPC: G03G15/054 ,  H01J39/00 ,  B05D3/06 ,  B32B3/10 ,  H01J43/00

CPC classification number: G03G15/0545 ,  Y10T428/24273

Abstract: A photocathode for electroradiographic and electrofluoroscopic apparatus which contains a stack arrangement of perforated foils of a material with a high atomic number, in particular, double layer perforated foils with two electrically conducting outer layers and an insulating layer arranged in between which obtains relatively high sensitivity and high resolution permitting its use in medical diagnostic apparatus is described along with method of manufacturing the photocathode.

Abstract translation: 一种用于电子显微照相和电荧光设备的光电阴极，其包含具有高原子序数的材料的穿孔箔的堆叠布置，特别是具有两个导电外层的双层穿孔箔和布置在其间的绝缘层，其间获得相对较高的灵敏度和 在医疗诊断装置中使用的高分辨率与制造光电阴极的方法一起描述。

公开(公告)号：US4154669A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-15

申请号：US767770

申请日：1977-02-11

Applicant: Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N21/53 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01P3/486 ,  G01P3/489 ,  G01N27/00 ,  H01J39/00 ,  H01J39/34

CPC classification number: G01P3/486 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01P3/489

Abstract: A light source illuminates particles migrating in an electrophoresis chamber under the influence of a reversing polarity electric field applied between a pair of spaced electrodes which are in the form of thin conductive layers deposited on opposed end portions of the chamber. The light reflected from the particles migrating along the stationary layer of the chamber is imaged onto a circumferentially arranged grating on a transparent rotating disk and modulated thereby. The modulated reflected particle light image is then applied to a photomultiplier tube which in response produces a spectral output signal which is subsequently applied to a frequency translating circuit where it is heterodyned down to the zero frequency region and offset relative to a reference frequency such that the heterodyned signal has a frequency content which is related to mean mobility and a polarity with respect to the offset reference frequency which serves as an indication of the polarity of the charge of the particles migrating in the chamber. A Real Time Analyzer or a frequency tracking circuit may be employed to convert the translator output signal to a mobility histogram or to an accurate measurement of mean mobility, respectively.

Abstract translation: 光源照射在电泳室内迁移的颗粒，该反应极性电场施加在沉积在室的相对端部上的薄导电层形式的一对间隔电极之间的反向极性电场的影响。 从沿着室的静止层迁移的颗粒反射的光被成像到透明旋转盘上的周向布置的光栅上并由其调制。 然后将经调制的反射粒子光图像应用于光电倍增管，该光电倍增管响应产生频谱输出信号，随后将其输入到频率转换电路，其中它被外差下降到零频率区域并相对于参考频率偏移，使得 外差信号具有与平均移动性相关的频率含量和相对于偏移参考频率的极性，其用作在室中迁移的粒子的电荷的极性的指示。 可以使用实时分析器或频率跟踪电路来将转换器输出信号分别转换为移动性直方图或平均移动性的精确测量。

公开(公告)号：US4126782A

公开(公告)日：1978-11-21

申请号：US762719

申请日：1977-01-26

Applicant: Katsuhisa Usami ,  Isao Ishikawa

Inventor： Katsuhisa Usami ,  Isao Ishikawa

IPC: G01Q30/02 ,  G01Q60/00 ,  H01J49/48 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: H01J49/482

Abstract: An electrostatic charged-particle analyzer includes a deflecting electrode system which focuses charged particles emitted from a sample by irradiating the sample with a primary beam, the particles being focused on the axis of the primary beam or on an identical circumference about the axis, and a cylindrical mirror type analyzer whose object point is the focusing point, whereby the accepted solid angle for the charged particles is made large.

Abstract translation: 静电带电粒子分析仪包括偏转电极系统，该偏转电极系统通过用一次光束照射样品来聚焦从样品发射的带电粒子，所述粒子聚焦在主光束的轴线上或围绕轴线相同的圆周上， 其目标点是聚焦点的圆柱形镜面型分析仪，由此使带电粒子接受的立体角变大。

公开(公告)号：US4123655A

公开(公告)日：1978-10-31

申请号：US827307

申请日：1977-08-24

Applicant: Uwe Maixner ,  Dieter Milferstadt

Inventor： Uwe Maixner ,  Dieter Milferstadt

IPC: G01N23/227 ,  G01N23/00 ,  G21K1/02 ,  H01J3/40 ,  H01J5/02 ,  H01J37/09 ,  H01J37/30 ,  H01J49/44 ,  H01J49/48 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: H01J3/40 ,  G21K1/025 ,  H01J37/09 ,  H01J37/3002 ,  H01J49/482

Abstract: An arrangement relating to the prevention of the alteration of the primaryeam by unwanted particles, such as sputter products, charged ions and electrons and their secondary processes, and to the resulting local improvement in the operational vacuum in electron-beam devices, ion-beam devices and in electron-energy analyzers and ion-mass analyzers using only three-dimensional metallic microstructures known as particle traps. Substantially all the flat parts of the components of the instrument seen by the beams, such as electrodes, diaphragms, screening plates, housing walls and the like, consist of a metal having a low atomization rate and a very low desorption rate, such as titanium or zirconium or similar substances and their alloys. Apertures of less than 0.5 mm in diameter, situated close beside one another and extending substantially perpendicular to the surface, are provided in the surfaces of the components of the instrument, between which apertures a lattice structure remains located in the surface, the depth of the apertures being equal to or larger than their opening cross-section and the total cross-sectional area of the apertures corresponding to at least half the metal surface occupied thereby.

Abstract translation: 与防止由不需要的颗粒（例如溅射产物，带电离子和电子）及其次要过程的主要束的改变以及由此导致的电子束装置中的操作真空的局部改进，离子束 器件和电子能量分析仪和离子质量分析仪仅使用三维金属微结构称为颗粒捕集阱。 基本上由梁观察到的仪器部件的所有平面部分，例如电极，隔膜，筛板，壳体壁等都由具有低雾化速率和非常低的解吸速率的金属组成，例如钛 或锆或类似物质及其合金。 在仪器部件的表面中设置直径小于0.5mm的孔径，彼此靠近并且基本上垂直于表面延伸，在孔的表面中，格子结构保持位于表面中，孔的深度 孔径等于或大于其开口横截面，并且孔的总横截面积对应于由此占据的金属表面的至少一半。

公开(公告)号：US4097738A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-27

申请号：US751374

申请日：1976-12-17

Applicant: Lucette Feve ,  Remy Fontaine

Inventor： Lucette Feve ,  Remy Fontaine

IPC: G01N23/227 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/227

Abstract: The method consists in subjecting a sample of insulating material to photon radiation and in measuring the energy of the photoelectrons emitted by the sample under the action of the radiation. The sample is fixed on a metal sample-holder having a shape such that a portion of this latter is subjected to radiation. The emission of electrons of low energy is thus initiated and the positive charges which appear at the surface of the samples with the emitted electrons are neutralized by creating in the vicinity of the sample surface a space zone in which the electric field is substantially zero.

Abstract translation: 该方法包括将绝缘材料的样品经受光子辐射，并在辐射的作用下测量由样品发射的光电子的能量。 将样品固定在具有使后者的一部分经受辐射的形状的金属样品保持器上。 因此启动低能量的电子发射，并且在发射的电子的样品表面出现的正电荷通过在样品表面附近产生电场基本为零的空间区域而被中和。

公开(公告)号：US4079282A

公开(公告)日：1978-03-14

申请号：US652161

申请日：1976-01-26

Applicant: Richard Dale Faulkner ,  Robert Edwin McHose

Inventor： Richard Dale Faulkner ,  Robert Edwin McHose

IPC: H01J40/04 ,  H01J39/00 ,  H01J39/04

CPC classification number: H01J40/04

Abstract: A phototube includes a cup-shaped apertured electrode interposed between a substantially flat cathode and an electron collection electrode. Anapertured electrode is coaxially secured within the recess of the cup-shaped electrode in parallel spaced-apart facing relation to the cathode.

Abstract translation: 光电管包括插入在基本平坦的阴极和电子收集电极之间的杯状有孔电极。 压电电极同时固定在杯形电极的凹部内，与阴极相对地平行间隔地固定。

公开(公告)号：US4053806A

公开(公告)日：1977-10-11

申请号：US609449

申请日：1975-09-02

Applicant: Andrew Alfred Turnbull ,  Harry Sewell

Inventor： Andrew Alfred Turnbull ,  Harry Sewell

IPC: H01J9/233 ,  H01J29/45 ,  H01J31/49 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: H01J9/233 ,  H01J29/458

Abstract: A pyroelectric detector employing a substrate supporting a thin, i.e., 0.5 to 5 .mu.m thick, solid layer of pyroelectric material with an intermediate layer of nucleating material, i.e., a material which is wettable by a solution of the pyroelectric material so that an adherent continuous layer is formed thereon. The pyroelectric layer may be in the form of a mosaic of islands separated by an electrically conductive material covered with an electrically insulating material.

公开(公告)号：US4021693A

公开(公告)日：1977-05-03

申请号：US584968

申请日：1975-06-09

Applicant: Daniel Joseph Bradley ,  Wilson Sibbett

Inventor： Daniel Joseph Bradley ,  Wilson Sibbett

IPC: H01J31/50 ,  H01J40/04 ,  H01J40/16 ,  H01J39/04 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: H01J40/04 ,  H01J31/502 ,  H01J40/16

Abstract: An electron-optical image tube including a photocathode, an extraction electrode consisting of a mesh on the emission side of the photocathode, and a focussing electrode on the side of the mesh remote from the photocathode, achieves increased time resolution, improved spatial resolution, and reduced magnification at a phosphor screen by making the photocathode to mesh spacing small compared with the mesh to focussing electrode spacing. An improved photocathode plate avoids large electric fields at sharp points on the photocathode surface. Additional annular electrodes and flared deflector electrodes in the drift section of the tube prevent scattering of electrons from the tube walls on to the screen.

Abstract translation: 包括光电阴极的电子光学图像管，由光电阴极的发射侧上的网状物构成的引出电极和远离光电阴极的网侧的聚焦电极实现了时间分辨率提高，空间分辨率提高， 通过使光电阴极与网孔相比网眼间距小于聚焦电极间距，降低了荧光屏的倍率。 改进的光电阴极板避免了光电阴极表面尖锐点处的大电场。 在管的漂移部分中的额外的环形电极和扩张的偏转器电极防止电子从管壁散射到屏幕上。

公开(公告)号：US3988497A

公开(公告)日：1976-10-26

申请号：US516474

申请日：1974-10-21

Applicant: Norio Asakura

Inventor： Norio Asakura

IPC: H01J1/34 ,  B32B3/10 ,  H01J31/38 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: H01J1/34 ,  H01J2201/3423 ,  Y10S148/153 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10S438/964 ,  Y10T428/31

Abstract: The photoelectric surface of a photocathode made of a semiconductor single crystal is made minutely rough and, accordingly, lusterless, so that the transmissivity of a polarized light beam incident on the photoelectric surface is almost unaffected by the direction of electric field vector of the beam.

Abstract translation: 由半导体单晶制成的光电阴极的光电面被精细地粗糙化，因此无光泽，使得入射在光电表面上的偏振光束的透射率几乎不受光束的电场矢量的方向的影响。

公开(公告)号：US3966470A

公开(公告)日：1976-06-29

申请号：US475381

申请日：1974-06-03

Applicant: Adalbert Feltz ,  Johannes Opfermann ,  Bernd Voigt ,  Walter Seliger

Inventor： Adalbert Feltz ,  Johannes Opfermann ,  Bernd Voigt ,  Walter Seliger

IPC: G03G5/02 ,  G03G5/082 ,  G03G5/04 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: G03G5/082

Abstract: As a photoconductive material there is provided a carrier having a coating thereon of a germanium-sulphur-lead alloy or a germanium-sulphur-tin alloy.

Abstract translation: 作为感光材料，提供了具有锗 - 硫 - 铅合金或锗 - 硫 - 锡合金的涂层的载体。