公开(公告)号：US06319273B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

申请号：US09465545

申请日：1999-12-16

申请人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

发明人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

IPC分类号： A61N5006

CPC分类号： A61N5/062 ,  A61N2005/0642 ,  A61N2005/0648 ,  A61N2005/0651

摘要： A photodynamic therapy (PDT) device utilizing a non-coherent light source to activate a photoreactive agent for treating a diseased site in a patient's eye. When activated, the photoreactive agent causes a desired change in the diseased tissue of the treatment site. In one embodiment, the photoactive agent is preferentially absorbed by the diseased tissue at the treatment site, and the light from the PDT device is directed generally at the site. In another embodiment, the photoactive agent is less selectively absorbed by the diseased tissue, and the light from the PDT device is focused onto the diseased treatment site. The device preferably focuses the light emitted by a source using totally internally reflective (TIR) lenses, convergent lenses, divergent lenses, and/or deformable lenses. One embodiment incorporates a plurality of light sources of different wavebands, including a waveband that does not activate the photoreactive agent, so that the light source can be used to precisely target the focal point at the desired treatment site. Once targeted, a light source is energized to produce light in a waveband that activates the photoreactive agent and can penetrate different depths of tissue. The PDT device can be incorporated into a headset or in an ophthalmologic slit lamp. Light from the device can enter the eye through the lens of the eye, or transcutaneously via one of lateral orbital, an inferior orbital, and a superior orbital approach. In one embodiment the light sources are blue and red light emitting diodes (LEDs).

摘要翻译： 一种利用非相干光源激活光反应剂以治疗患者眼睛中的患病部位的光动力疗法（PDT）装置。 当活化时，光反应剂引起治疗部位的病变组织所需的变化。 在一个实施方案中，光活性剂优先被处理部位处的病变组织吸收，并且来自PDT装置的光通常指向位点。 在另一个实施方案中，光活性剂较少被病变组织选择性吸收，并且来自PDT装置的光聚焦到患病的治疗部位。 该装置优选地使用全内反射（TIR）透镜，会聚透镜，发散透镜和/或可变形透镜来聚焦由光源发射的光。 一个实施例包括不同波段的多个光源，包括不激活光反应剂的波段，使得光源可用于精确地瞄准所需治疗部位的焦点。 一旦被靶向，光源被激励以产生激活光反应剂并可穿透不同组织深度的波段中的光。 PDT装置可以并入耳机或眼科裂隙灯。 来自该装置的光可以通过眼睛的眼睛进入眼睛，或经由侧眼轨道，下轨道和上轨道方法之一进行经皮。 在一个实施例中，光源是蓝色和红色发光二极管（LED）。

公开(公告)号：US06238426B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-29

申请号：US09356938

申请日：1999-07-19

申请人： James C. Chen

发明人： James C. Chen

IPC分类号： A61N506

CPC分类号： A61N5/062 ,  A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/0833 ,  A61N5/0601

摘要： Progress of photodynamic therapy (PDT) administered over an extended period of time is monitored using an ultrasonic probe, which produces ultrasound images of an internal treatment site in real time. The ultrasound images indicate the extent and volume of an infarction zone within a tumor or other diseased tissue at the internal treatment site within a patient's body. Light is administered to the internal treatment site from either an internal or external light source that produces light in a waveband corresponding to the characteristic absorption waveband a photoreactive agent that is administered to a patient. Prior to or shortly after initiating administration of the light therapy, a baseline ultrasound image is produced for comparison to subsequent ultrasound images made after the effects of the PDT on the diseased tissue have occurred. By evaluating changes in the internal treatment site shown in the ultrasound images during the progress of the PDT, the intensity and/or duration of intervals of light being administered to the patient can be varied, and/or terminated at an appropriate time, thereby minimizing risk of harm to normal tissue surrounding the internal treatment site. Light is delivered from an external laser source through an optical fiber, or through an implanted light probe that includes one or more light emitting sources, or by an external array of light emitting diodes that emit light of sufficiently long wavelength to penetrate a dermal layer into the internal treatment site.

摘要翻译： 使用超声波探头监测长时间施用的光动力疗法（PDT）的进展，其实时产生内部治疗部位的超声图像。 超声图像表示在患者体内的内部治疗部位的肿瘤或其他患病组织内的梗死区域的程度和体积。 光从内部或外部光源被施用到内部或外部光源，该光源产生对应于特征吸收波段的波段的光，所述光波导被给予患者的光反应剂。 在开始施用光疗之前或不久之后，产生基线超声图像，以便在发生PDT对患病组织的影响之后制作的随后的超声图像进行比较。 通过评估PDT进展期间在超声图像中显示的内部治疗部位的变化，施用于患者的光的间隔的强度和/或持续时间可以在适当的时间改变和/或终止，从而最小化 对内部治疗部位周围正常组织有危害的危险。 光从外部激光源通过光纤或通过包括一个或多个发光源的植入光探针或通过发射足够长波长的光以穿透真皮层的发光二极管的外部阵列传送到 内部治疗现场。

公开(公告)号：US6038676A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

申请号：US937633

申请日：1997-09-25

申请人： Adalberto G. Yanes ,  James Richard Pollock ,  James C. Chen ,  David C. Giese

发明人： Adalberto G. Yanes ,  James Richard Pollock ,  James C. Chen ,  David C. Giese

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/076

摘要： System and method aspects for avoiding data corruption during data transfer in a disk array environment are described. In a circuit aspect, an integrity checker includes counting logic for counting fields in the data being transferred. The integrity checker further includes comparison logic for comparing a constant value and a value in a predetermined field of data being transferred. Combinational logic is further included and coupled to the comparison logic and counting logic, wherein when the comparison logic results in a miscompare and the counting logic is at a predetermined count value, the integrity checker circuit aborts data transfer. In a method aspect, the method includes providing an integrity checker at an interface to an array of disk drives, and performing data validity determinations on data passing across the interface with the integrity checker, wherein invalid data is not transferred.

摘要翻译： 描述了在磁盘阵列环境中数据传输期间避免数据损坏的系统和方法方面。 在电路方面，完整性校验器包括用于对正在传送的数据中的字段进行计数的计数逻辑。 完整性检查器还包括用于比较恒定值和正在传送的数据的预定字段中的值的比较逻辑。 组合逻辑还包括并耦合到比较逻辑和计数逻辑，其中当比较逻辑导致错误比较并且计数逻辑处于预定计数值时，完整性校验器电路中止数据传送。 在方法方面，该方法包括在与磁盘驱动器阵列的接口处提供完整性检查器，以及对与完整性检查器通过接口的数据执行数据有效性确定，其中无法传送无效数据。

公开(公告)号：US5997842A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US59795

申请日：1998-04-13

申请人： James C. Chen

发明人： James C. Chen

IPC分类号： A61K41/00 ,  A61K51/12 ,  A61N5/06 ,  A61K51/00 ,  A61M36/14

CPC分类号： A61N5/062 ,  A61K41/0057 ,  A61K51/12 ,  A61N5/0601

摘要： Constructs including bars, capsules, beads, and sheets are configured with a radionuclide core that emits energetic particles activating a phosphorescent shell material surrounding the radionuclide core so that it emits light to administer light therapy or PDT. A biocompatible coating that is generally optically transparent encloses the radionuclide core and phosphorescent material to prevent a patient's body in which the constructs are disposed from being affected by any toxicity of the phosphorescent shell material. In a typical application of the constructs, a photoreactive agent is infused into the treatment site and selectively absorbed by abnormal tissue, for example, in a cancerous tumor. Light emitted by the phosphorescent material when activated by the energetic particles emitted from the radionuclide core administers photodynamic therapy, which destroys the abnormal tissue. Particularly, the beads, which are relatively small in size, can be targeted to abnormal tissue by providing a linking mechanism on the biocompatible coating so that the beads are coupled to antibodies found on the abnormal cells, but not on normal tissue. If a glass phosphor material that includes fused quartz or silica glass doped with metal ions is used for the phosphorescent shell material, the beads or other construct must be exposed to IR or other light, causing electrons that have been trapped inside the glass materials to combine with holes, emitting light of a shorter wavelength. The glass phosphor material is preferable, since it is substantially less toxic than other types of scintillators or phosphor materials.

摘要翻译： 包括棒，胶囊，珠和片的构造物配置有放射性核素，其发射激发围绕放射性核素的磷光壳材料的能量粒子，使得其发光以施用光疗法或PDT。 通常光学透明的生物相容性涂层包围放射性核素和磷光材料，以防止其中构建体的患者身体受到磷光外壳材料的任何毒性的影响。 在构建体的典型应用中，光反应剂注入治疗部位，并被异常组织选择性吸收，例如在癌性肿瘤中。 当由从放射性核素核心发射的能量粒子激活时，由磷光材料发射的光施加光动力学治疗，其破坏异常组织。 特别地，尺寸相对较小的珠可以通过在生物相容性涂层上提供连接机制来靶向异常组织，使得珠与偶联细胞但不在正常组织上的抗体偶联。 如果将含有金属离子的熔融石英或二氧化硅玻璃的玻璃荧光体材料用于磷光壳材料，则珠子或其他构造物必须暴露于IR或其他光，导致已经被玻璃材料内的电子结合 具有孔，发射较短波长的光。 玻璃荧光体材料是优选的，因为其比其它类型的闪烁体或荧光体材料的毒性明显更小。

公开(公告)号：US5968182A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-19

申请号：US854441

申请日：1997-05-12

申请人： James C. Chen ,  Julia Liu ,  Chan Y. Ng ,  William G. Sherman, II

发明人： James C. Chen ,  Julia Liu ,  Chan Y. Ng ,  William G. Sherman, II

IPC分类号： G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1435

摘要： A method and means within a hierarchical, demand/response DASD subsystem of the passive fault management type in which, upon the occurrence of fault, error, or erasure, a long device busy signal of finite duration is provided to a host CPU. Any DASD storage device subject to the anomaly is isolated from any host inquiry during this interval. These measures permit retry or other recovery procedures to be implemented transparent to the host and the executing application. This avoids premature declarations of faults, errors, or erasures and consequent host application aborts and other catastrophic measures. If the detected anomaly is not resolved within the allotted time, then other data recovery procedures can be invoked including device reset, the status reported to the host, and the next request processed.

摘要翻译： 在被动故障管理类型的分级，需求/响应DASD子系统中的方法和手段，其中，在发生故障，错误或擦除时，向主机CPU提供有限持续时间的长设备忙信号。 遇到异常的任何DASD存储设备在此间隔期间与任何主机查询隔离。 这些措施允许重试或其他恢复程序对主机和执行应用程序透明化。 这样可以避免错误，错误或消除过早的声明，从而导致主机应用程序中止和其他灾难性措施。 如果检测到的异常在分配的时间内没有解决，则可以调用其他数据恢复过程，包括设备复位，报告给主机的状态，以及处理的下一个请求。

公开(公告)号：US5951691A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-14

申请号：US857890

申请日：1997-05-16

申请人： Chan Yiu Ng ,  James C. Chen ,  Charles Richard Lanzi

发明人： Chan Yiu Ng ,  James C. Chen ,  Charles Richard Lanzi

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1076 ,  G06F11/1088 ,  G06F11/201 ,  G06F11/2089 ,  G06F2211/1059 ,  G06F2211/1064

摘要： The present invention provides a method and system for detecting corrupted data of a plurality of hard disk drives (HDDs) in a data storage subsystem. In this system a predetermined number of fixed blocks within each of the HDDs emulate a track of a first track format. The predetermined number of fixed blocks provide a logical track. The logical track of one of the plurality of HDDs is generated by the others of the plurality of HDDs. The plurality of logical tracks forming a plurality of track groups. In a first aspect the method and system comprises assigning each of the plurality of logical tracks an address translation (ADT) number, comparing each of the ADT numbers of the plurality of logical tracks to an expected value until a mismatch occurs in a logical track, and determining if other logical tracks in a same track group have accurate ADT numbers. The first aspect further includes reconstructing the logical track if the other tracks within the same track group have accurate ADT numbers. In a second aspect the method and system comprises determining each of the plurality of logical tracks is formatted in accordance with first track format, comparing each of the formats of the plurality of logical tracks to the expected format until a mismatch occurs in a logical track, and determining if other logical tracks in a same track group have accurate first track formats. The second aspect includes reconstructing the logical track if the other tracks within the same track group have accurate first formats.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于检测数据存储子系统中的多个硬盘驱动器（HDD）的损坏数据的方法和系统。 在该系统中，每个HDD内的预定数量的固定块模拟第一轨道格式的轨道。 预定数量的固定块提供逻辑轨道。 多个HDD中的一个的逻辑磁道由多个HDD中的其他HDD产生。 多个逻辑磁道形成多个磁道组。 在第一方面，所述方法和系统包括：将多个逻辑磁道中的每个逻辑磁道分配给地址转换（ADT）号码，将多个逻辑磁道的每个ADT号码与期望值进行比较，直到在逻辑磁道中发生不匹配， 以及确定同一轨道组中的其他逻辑磁道是否具有准确的ADT号。 第一方面还包括如果同一轨道组内的其它轨道具有准确的ADT号，则重建逻辑轨道。 在第二方面，方法和系统包括：根据第一轨道格式确定多个逻辑磁道中的每一个被格式化，将多个逻辑磁道中的每个格式与预期格式进行比较，直到在逻辑磁道中发生不匹配， 以及确定相同轨道组中的其他逻辑磁道是否具有准确的第一轨道格式。 第二方面包括如果同一轨道组内的其他轨道具有准确的第一格式，则重建逻辑轨道。

公开(公告)号：US5945762A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-31

申请号：US21693

申请日：1998-02-10

申请人： James C. Chen ,  David J. Brown ,  Darrin Huston ,  Brian D. Wilkerson

发明人： James C. Chen ,  David J. Brown ,  Darrin Huston ,  Brian D. Wilkerson

IPC分类号： A61F2/02 ,  A61N1/08 ,  A61N1/378 ,  H02J17/00 ,  H05B6/12 ,  H02K33/00 ,  A61M37/00

CPC分类号： A61N1/3787 ,  A61N1/08 ,  A61F2250/0001

摘要： An external power head is energized by a motor causing movement of an element that produces a varying magnetic field, thereby inducing power in an implanted receiver coil within a patient's body. The external power head includes either one or more moving permanent magnets, or one or more moving elements that vary the magnetic flux coupled to the implanted receiver coil. As a result of the varying magnetic field experienced by the implanted receiver coil, an electric current flows from the implanted receiver coil to energize an implanted medical device.

公开(公告)号：US5814008A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-29

申请号：US688058

申请日：1996-07-29

申请人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

发明人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

IPC分类号： A61N5/06 ,  A61N1/30

CPC分类号： A61N5/0601 ,  A61N5/062 ,  A61N2005/0644 ,  A61N2005/0652

摘要： A method and apparatus for applying beat to a treatment site prior to effecting photodynamic therapy. The perfusion of a drug into abnormal tissue in a tumor (12) is enhanced by heating the treatment site at which the tumor is disposed using a heat source (26) mounted on a fixture (20, 34) separate from a light source (28) on a probe used to effect the photodynamic therapy. Alternatively, the heat source and light source may comprise different types of light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in an array on a probe (14) disposed at the treatment site. Also mounted on the fixture is a temperature sensor (30), which produces a signal indicative of the temperature at the treatment site. In response to this signal, a controller (24/36) controls the heat source to prevent vascular damage. In addition to enhancing the perfusion of a photoreactive agent into the treatment site, heating the tissue at the site prior to initiating the PDT greatly enhances the efficacy of this treatment.

摘要翻译： 一种在进行光动力疗法之前将搏动施加到治疗部位的方法和装置。 通过使用安装在与光源（28）分开的固定装置（20,34）上的热源（26）加热放置肿瘤的治疗部位，将药物灌注到肿瘤（12）中的异常组织中得到增强 ）用于影响光动力疗法。 或者，热源和光源可以包括布置在设置在治疗部位的探针（14）上的阵列中的不同类型的发光二极管（LED）。 还安装在夹具上的是温度传感器（30），其产生指示处理部位温度的信号。 响应于该信号，控制器（24/36）控制热源以防止血管损伤。 除了增加光反应剂在治疗部位的灌注之外，在开始PDT之前加热部位的组织大大增强了该治疗的功效。

公开(公告)号：US5800478A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-01

申请号：US613390

申请日：1996-03-07

申请人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

发明人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

IPC分类号： A61B5/04 ,  A61B17/00 ,  A61B17/04 ,  A61B19/00 ,  A61N1/00 ,  A61N5/06 ,  A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61B17/00234 ,  A61N5/0601 ,  A61N5/062 ,  A61B2017/00243 ,  A61B2017/00274 ,  A61B2017/0404 ,  A61B2017/0458 ,  A61B2018/00547 ,  A61N2005/061 ,  A61N2005/0645 ,  A61N2005/0652

摘要： A plurality of embodiments for a flexible probe used to provide photodynamic therapy (PDT) and to effect other medical procedures at an internal treatment site inside a patient's body. Each of the embodiments of the flexible probe (100, 108, 130, 158, 182, 190, 220, 280, 370, 390, 440, 460, 520) includes a flexible substrate (102, 184, 196, 222, 250, 282, 412, 462, 482, 502, 522) on which are disposed conductive traces (414, 466, 468, 488, 490, 504, 506, 524, 526) electrically connected to leads through which electrical current and signals are conveyed. A plurality of light sources (104, 192, 256, 286, 418, 436, 470, 492, 508, 542) or other micro-electronic circuits are connected to the conductive traces and mounted on the flexible substrate. Each of the embodiments of the flexible probes is enclosed within a transparent, biocompatible polymer envelope (106, 110, 464, 522). Due to the characteristic elastic properties of the flexible substrate, the flexible probe can readily be bent, folded, or rolled while being disposed at the internal treatment site, thereby enabling the probe to pass through a guide tube (120), an incision, a catheter (150), or a lumen(154) of relatively small cross-sectional diameter. Once disposed at the treatment site, a folded or rolled flexible probe can be unfolded or unrolled to supply light for PDT, or energized to provide other types of medical treatment.

摘要翻译： 用于提供光动力治疗（PDT）的柔性探针的多个实施例，并且在患者体内的内部治疗部位进行其它医疗程序。 柔性探针（100,108,130,158,182,190,220,280,370,390,440,460,520）的每个实施例包括柔性基底（102,184,196,222,250， 282,412,462,482,502,522），其上设置有电连接到通过其传送电流和信号的引线的导电迹线（414,466,468,48,490,504,506,524,526）。 多个光源（104,192,256,286,418,436,470,492,504,542）或其它微电子电路连接到导电迹线并且安装在柔性基板上。 柔性探针的每个实施例被封装在透明的生物相容性聚合物封套（106,110,464,522）内。 由于柔性基板的特征弹性特性，柔性探针可以容易地弯曲，折叠或滚动，同时设置在内部处理部位，从而使探针能够通过导管（120），切口， 导管（150）或相对较小横截面直径的管腔（154）。 一旦放置在治疗部位，折叠或滚动的柔性探针可以展开或展开，为PDT提供光，或通电以提供其他类型的治疗。

公开(公告)号：US5782896A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US788448

申请日：1997-01-29

申请人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

发明人： James C. Chen ,  Brent Wiscombe

IPC分类号： A61N5/06 ,  A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/0601

摘要： An implantable probe having an elongated sheath with provision for remotely positioning a device disposed within the elongated sheath. In one embodiment, the device is a circuit board, and a shape memory alloy (SMA) such as Nitinol is used to fabricate one or more actuators that are coupled to the circuit board. The shape memory effect exhibited by the SMA actuator is thermally activated. Electrical current is selectively applied to the actuator to resistively heat the SMA to a temperature sufficient to change its shape. When the shape of the SMA changes, the actuator moves the circuit board or other device longitudinally within the elongated sheath so that the light emitted is directed to a different portion of a treatment site. In another embodiment, the circuit board is rotated about its longitudinal axis within the sheath. In still another embodiment, the actuator moves a piston so as to pump a fluid through a pair of lumens disposed within the sheath to dissipate heat produced by the light emitting devices in a remotely disposed heat exchanger. Another embodiment uses the actuators to both circulate the fluid and move a circuit board.

摘要翻译： 一种具有细长护套的可植入探头，其设置用于远程地定位设置在细长护套内的装置。 在一个实施例中，该装置是电路板，并且诸如镍钛诺的形状记忆合金（SMA）用于制造耦合到电路板的一个或多个致动器。 SMA致动器所呈现的形状记忆效应被热激活。 选择性地将电流施加到致动器以将SMA电阻加热到足以改变其形状的温度。 当SMA的形状改变时，致动器在细长护套内纵向移动电路板或其他装置，使得发射的光被引导到治疗部位的不同部分。 在另一个实施例中，电路板围绕其纵向轴线在护套内旋转。 在另一个实施例中，致动器移动活塞以便将流体泵送通过设置在护套内的一对管腔，以在远处设置的热交换器中散发由发光器件产生的热量。 另一实施例使用致动器来使流体循环并移动电路板。