公开(公告)号：US07049736B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-23

申请号：US10364653

申请日：2003-02-12

申请人： Hy-yong Suk ,  Guang-Hoon Kim ,  Jong-Uk Kim ,  Chang-Bum Kim ,  Hae-June Lee

发明人： Hy-yong Suk ,  Guang-Hoon Kim ,  Jong-Uk Kim ,  Chang-Bum Kim ,  Hae-June Lee

IPC分类号： H05H1/54

CPC分类号： H05H15/00 ,  G21K1/003

摘要： Background plasma electrons in a laser wake field are trapped and accelerated using a sharp downward density transition. A short and intense laser pulse travels through low density plasma with a sharp downward density transition. The density transition scale length is much smaller than the wavelength of a laser wake wave. As the laser wake wave passes the density transition, its wavelength increases suddenly so that some background plasma electrons are self-injected into the acceleration phase of the wake field and trapped and accelerated by the strong laser wake field.

摘要翻译： 激光尾迹中的背景等离子体电子被捕获并加速使用尖锐的向下的密度转变。 短而强烈的激光脉冲通过低密度等离子体，具有尖锐的向下密度转变。 密度转换刻度长度远小于激光尾波的波长。 随着激光唤醒波通过密度跃迁，其波长突然增加，使得一些背景等离子体电子自我注入到唤醒场的加速阶段，并被强激光尾迹场捕获和加速。

公开(公告)号：US07023128B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-04

申请号：US10475547

申请日：2002-04-10

申请人： John Madocks

发明人： John Madocks

IPC分类号： H05H1/46 ,  H05H1/54

CPC分类号： H01J27/14 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H01J37/32431

摘要： A dipole ion source (FIG. 1) includes two cathode surfaces, a substrate (1) and a pole (3); wherein a gap is defined between the substrate and the pole; an unsymmetrical mirror magnetic field including a compressed end, wherein the substrate is positioned in the less compressed end of the magnetic field; and an anode (4) creating an electric field penetrating the magnetic field and confining electrons in a continuous Hall current loop, wherein the unsymmetrical magnetic field serves an ion beam on the substrate.

摘要翻译： 偶极离子源（图1）包括两个阴极表面，一个衬底（1）和一个极（3）; 其中在所述基板和所述极之间限定间隙; 包括压缩端的不对称镜面磁场，其中所述衬底位于所述磁场的较小压缩端中; 以及阳极（4），产生穿过磁场的电场并将电子限制在连续的霍尔电流回路中，其中非对称磁场用于衬底上的离子束。

公开(公告)号：US5947421A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-07

申请号：US890477

申请日：1997-07-09

申请人： John R. Beattie ,  Philip J. Goswitz

发明人： John R. Beattie ,  Philip J. Goswitz

IPC分类号： H05H1/24 ,  B64G1/26 ,  B64G1/40 ,  F03H1/00 ,  H05H1/54

CPC分类号： F03H1/0037 ,  B64G1/405

摘要： Electrostatic propulsion systems for spacecraft include a plurality of electrostatic thrusters that are continuously coupled to power forms of a power supply system. Ionizable gas is fed to a selected one of the thrusters to selectively initiate the thrust of that electrostatic thruster. In other embodiments, heater power forms are coupled only to the selected thruster to reduce power consumption and increase cathode lifetime. The propulsion system has a reduced complexity and is especially suited for spacecraft in which only one thruster is ever fired at a given time.

摘要翻译： 用于航天器的静电推进系统包括多个静电推进器，其连续地耦合到电力供应系统的动力形式。 可电离气体被供给到所选择的一个推进器中，以选择性地启动该静电推进器的推力。 在其他实施例中，加热器功率形式仅耦合到所选择的推进器以降低功率消耗并增加阴极寿命。 推进系统具有降低的复杂性，特别适用于在给定时间只有一个推进器被发射的航天器。

公开(公告)号：US5866871A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-02

申请号：US847434

申请日：1997-04-28

申请人： Daniel Birx

发明人： Daniel Birx

IPC分类号： F03H1/00 ,  H01J27/04 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H05H1/54 ,  B23K10/00

CPC分类号： H05G2/003 ,  F03H1/0087 ,  H01J27/04 ,  H05G2/005 ,  H05H1/54

摘要： A high pulse repetition rate (PRF) plasma gun is provided which gun inlets a selected propellant gas into a column formed between a center electrode and a coaxial outer electrode, utilizes a solid state high repetition rate pulse driver to provide a voltage across the electrodes and provides a plasma initiator at the base of the column, which is normally operative when the driver is fully charged. The plasma expands from the base end of the column and off the exit end thereof. When used as a thruster, for example in space applications, the driver voltage and electrode lengths are selected such that the plasma for each pulse exits the column at approximately the same time the voltage across the electrode reaches zero, thereby maximizing the thrust. When used as a radiation source, and in particular a source for radiation in the EUV band, the voltage and electrode length are selected such that the plasma exits the column when the current is maximum, which occur when the driver is roughly half discharged. The plasma is magnetically pinched as it exits the column, thereby raising the plasma temperature to provide thermal radiation at desired wavelengths. The plasma gun parameters can be selected to achieve a desired wavelength within the EUV band. The plasma gun of this invention, which is capable of operating at PRF in the range of approximately 100 Hz to in excess of 5,000 Hz, may also be used in other applications, and in particular in applications where low pressure near-vacuum environments are possible.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种高脉冲重复率（PRF）等离子体枪，其将选定的推进剂气体喷射入形成在中心电极和同轴外部电极之间的列中，利用固态高重复率脉冲驱动器提供横跨电极的电压， 在柱的底部提供等离子体引发剂，当驱动器完全充电时，其通常是可操作的。 等离子体从塔的基端延伸并离开其出口端。 当用作推进器时，例如在空间应用中，选择驱动器电压和电极长度，使得每个脉冲的等离子体几乎在电极两端的电压达到零的同时离开列，从而使推力最大化。 当用作辐射源，特别是用于EUV波段中的辐射源时，选择电压和电极长度，使得当电流最大时等离子体离开塔，这在驾驶员大致一半排出时发生。 等离子体在离开色谱柱时被磁力挤压，从而提高等离子体温度以提供所需波长的热辐射。 可以选择等离子体枪参数以在EUV频带内实现期望的波长。 能够在大约100Hz至超过5000Hz的范围内在PRF操作的本发明的等离子体枪也可以用于其它应用中，特别是在低压近真空环境可能的应用中 。

公开(公告)号：US5751113A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-12

申请号：US760952

申请日：1996-12-09

申请人： Y. M. Yashnov ,  V. A. Petrosov ,  V. I. Baranov ,  A. I. Vasin ,  L. Talaalout

发明人： Y. M. Yashnov ,  V. A. Petrosov ,  V. I. Baranov ,  A. I. Vasin ,  L. Talaalout

IPC分类号： H05H1/54 ,  B64G1/40 ,  F03H1/00 ,  H05H1/00

CPC分类号： F03H1/0075 ,  B64G1/405

摘要： A Hall effect plasma accelerator comprises an annular accelerating channel having closed and open ends. A source of magnetic field is positioned behind the closed end of the channel and has an axis extending in the same direction as the axis of the channel. This makes it possible to provide a Hall effect accelerator with an optimum distribution of magnetic field inside the acceleration channel by means of a simpler and less heavy arrangement using a single source of magnetic field, such as a single coil or permanent magnet. In addition it makes possible a reduction in heating of the source of magnetic field.

摘要翻译： 霍尔效应等离子体加速器包括具有闭合和开放端的环形加速通道。 磁场源定位在通道的封闭端的后面，并且具有沿与通道的轴线相同的方向延伸的轴线。 这使得可以通过使用诸如单个线圈或永磁体的单个磁场源的更简单且更不重的布置来提供具有加速通道内的磁场的最佳分布的霍尔效应加速器。 此外，还可以减少磁场源的加热。

公开(公告)号：US5637966A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-10

申请号：US384154

申请日：1995-02-06

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Eric Esarey ,  Joon K. Kim

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Eric Esarey ,  Joon K. Kim

IPC分类号： G21K1/00 ,  H05H1/54 ,  H01J23/00

CPC分类号： G21K1/003 ,  H05H1/54

摘要： The invention provides a method and apparatus for generating large amplitude nonlinear plasma waves, driven by an optimized train of independently adjustable, intense laser pulses. In the method, optimal pulse widths, interpulse spacing, and intensity profiles of each pulse are determined for each pulse in a series of pulses. A resonant region of the plasma wave phase space is found where the plasma wave is driven most efficiently by the laser pulses. The accelerator system of the invention comprises several parts: the laser system, with its pulse-shaping subsystem; the electron gun system, also called beam source, which preferably comprises photo cathode electron source and RF-LINAC accelerator; electron photo-cathode triggering system; the electron diagnostics; and the feedback system between the electron diagnostics and the laser system. The system also includes plasma source including vacuum chamber, magnetic lens, and magnetic field means. The laser system produces a train of pulses that has been optimized to maximize the axial electric field amplitude of the plasma wave, and thus the electron acceleration, using the method of the invention.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于产生大幅度非线性等离子体波的方法和装置，该方法和装置由优化的可独立调节的激光脉冲串驱动。 在该方法中，针对一系列脉冲中的每个脉冲确定每个脉冲的最佳脉冲宽度，脉冲间距和强度分布。 发现等离子体波相位空间的谐振区域，其中通过激光脉冲最有效地驱动等离子体波。 本发明的加速器系统包括几个部分：激光系统及其脉冲整形子系统; 电子枪系统也称为光源，其优选包括光阴极电子源和RF-LINAC加速器; 电子光阴触发系统; 电子诊断; 以及电子诊断和激光系统之间的反馈系统。 该系统还包括等离子体源，包括真空室，磁透镜和磁场装置。 激光系统产生一系列脉冲，其已被优化以使等离子体波的轴向电场振幅最大化，从而使用本发明的方法来实现电子加速。

公开(公告)号：US5189302A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-23

申请号：US783803

申请日：1991-10-28

申请人： Mark L. Roberts ,  Jay C. Davis

发明人： Mark L. Roberts ,  Jay C. Davis

IPC分类号： H01J49/02 ,  H05H1/54

CPC分类号： H05H1/54 ,  H01J49/02

摘要： Apparatus for ionizing and accelerating a sample containing isotopes of hydrogen and detecting the ratios of hydrogen isotopes contained in the sample is disclosed. An ion source generates a substantially linear ion beam including ions of tritium from the sample. A radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator is directly coupled to and axially aligned with the source at an angle of substantially zero degrees. The accelerator accelerates species of the sample having different mass to different energy levels along the same axis as the ion beam. A spectrometer is used to detect the concentration of tritium ions in the sample. In one form of the invention, an energy loss spectrometer is used which includes a foil to block the passage of hydrogen, deuterium and .sup.3 He ions, and a surface barrier or scintillation detector to detect the concentration of tritium ions. In another form of the invention, a combined momentum/energy loss spectrometer is used which includes a magnet to separate the ion beams, with Faraday cups to measure the hydrogen and deuterium and a surface barrier or scintillation detector for the tritium ions.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于电离并加速含有氢同位素并检测样品中所含的氢同位素比例的装置。 离子源产生包含来自样品的氚离子的基本上线性的离子束。 射频四极加速器以大致零度的角度直接耦合到源并且与源轴对齐。 加速器将具有不同质量的样品的物质加速到与离子束相同的轴上的不同能级。 使用光谱仪来检测样品中氚离子的浓度。 在本发明的一种形式中，使用能量损失光谱仪，其包括阻挡氢，氘和3He离子通过的箔，以及用于检测氚离子浓度的表面阻挡或闪烁检测器。 在本发明的另一种形式中，使用组合的动量/能量损失光谱仪，其包括用法拉第杯分离离子束的磁体，以测量氢和氘以及用于氚离子的表面屏障或闪烁检测器。

公开(公告)号：US5041760A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-20

申请号：US701808

申请日：1985-02-19

申请人： Paul M. Koloc

发明人： Paul M. Koloc

IPC分类号： H05H1/04 ,  H05H1/24 ,  H05H1/48 ,  H05H1/54

CPC分类号： H05H1/54 ,  H05H1/04 ,  H05H1/48 ,  H05H1/52

摘要： A method and apparatus for generating and utilizing a compound plasma configuration is disclosed. The plasma configuration includes a central toroidal plasma with electrical currents surrounded by a generally ellipsoidal mantle of ionized particles or electrically conducting matter. The preferred methods of forming this compound plasma configuration include the steps of forming a helical ionized path in a gaseous medium and simultaneously discharging a high potential through the ionized path to produce a helical or heliform current which collapses on itself to produce a toroidal current, or generating a toroidal plasmoid, supplying magnetic energy to the plasmoid, and applying fluid pressure external to the plasmoid. The apparatus of the present invention includes a pressure chamber wherein the compound plasma configuration can be isolated or compressed by fluid or other forms of mechanical or magnetic pressure. A multiple chamber reactor device is also disclosed, as are methods and using apparatuses for rising the compound plasma configuration in a number of diverse situations.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生和利用复合等离子体构造的方法和装置。 等离子体配置包括中心环形等离子体，其电流由电离粒子或导电物质的大体上椭圆形的地幔包围。 形成这种化合物等离子体构造的优选方法包括以下步骤：在气体介质中形成螺旋离子化路径，同时通过电离路径排出高电位，以产生螺旋状或螺旋状的电流，其自身塌陷以产生环形电流;或 产生环形血浆样细胞，向血浆样细胞提供磁能，并在血浆样本外部施加流体压力。 本发明的装置包括压力室，其中复合等离子体构型可以通过流体或其它形式的机械或磁压力被隔离或压缩。 还公开了多室反应器装置，以及用于在多种不同情况下上升复合等离子体构造的方法和使用装置。

公开(公告)号：US5038111A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-06

申请号：US347541

申请日：1989-05-04

申请人： Shui-Yin Lo

发明人： Shui-Yin Lo

IPC分类号： H05H1/54

CPC分类号： H05H1/54

摘要： A method of accelerating neutral plasma, consisting of electrons and positively charged ions, from low energy to high energy, by reflection of electromagnetic waves directed into the plasma, the frequency .omega. of the electromagnetic wave being smaller than the plasma frequency of the neutral plasma.

摘要翻译： 通过反射等离子体中的电磁波，将由电子和带正电荷的离子组成的中性等离子体从低能量到高能量的方法，电磁波的频率ω小于等离子体的等离子体频率。

公开(公告)号：US4429612A

公开(公告)日：1984-02-07

申请号：US49557

申请日：1979-06-18

申请人： Derek A. Tidman ,  Shyke A. Goldstein

发明人： Derek A. Tidman ,  Shyke A. Goldstein

IPC分类号： B64G99/00 ,  F41B6/00 ,  H05H1/06 ,  H05H1/54 ,  F41F1/00 ,  F41F1/02 ,  G21B1/00

CPC分类号： H05H1/54 ,  F41B6/00 ,  H05H1/06

摘要： An axi-symmetrical projectile, having a mass ranging from fractions of a gram to kilograms, is accelerated to velocities in the range of 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.7 centimeters per second by a propelling force produced by a plasma resulting from electric discharge. The discharge is imploded against the projectile surface so lines of the magnetic fields are approximately azimuthal around the projectile axis. The projectile is tapered so it experiences a net, stable axial accelerating force along the accelerator axis by the combined action of the magnetic field producing radially directed momentum and pressure on the plasma, the interaction of the magnetic field and ions induced by the plasma on the surface, as well as material the plasma ablates from the surface. The plasma discharge is initiated either in low density background gas between anode and cathode of a discharge module, or along an insulator surface between the electrodes in low density background gas. Alternatively, in either of these situations the discharge can be initiated in a gas which is produced by ablation of the projectile surface. In an alternative situation, the projectile acts as a switch for triggering discharges. Eddy current heating of the projectile is minimized by shaping the discharge current pulse so the plasma has a relatively weak magnetic field when it arrives at the surface, or by making the projectile electrically non-conducting. To provide a long acceleration path, a series of modules is aligned. In one embodiment, the projectile position, as it advances between modules, is sensed and discharges are switched on sequentially in the modules.

摘要翻译： 具有质量范围从克数到千克的对称性的射弹通过由放电产生的等离子体产生的推进力加速到105至107厘米每秒的范围内。 排放物撞击弹丸表面，因此磁场线在射弹轴周围大致为方位角。 抛射体是锥形的，因此通过磁场产生径向动量和等离子体压力的组合作用，沿着加速器轴线经历净的，稳定的轴向加速力，由等离子体引起的磁场和离子的相互作用 表面，以及等离子体从表面烧蚀的材料。 在放电模块的阳极和阴极之间的低密度背景气体或者低密度背景气体中的电极之间的绝缘体表面上开始等离子体放电。 或者，在这些情况中的任何一种情况下，可以在通过抛射体表面的烧蚀产生的气体中引发排放。 在另一种情况下，弹丸作为触发放电的开关。 通过对放电电流脉冲进行整形，使得等离子体到达表面时具有相对较弱的磁场，或通过使射弹电导电而使射弹的涡流加热最小化。 为了提供长的加速路径，一系列模块对齐。 在一个实施例中，随着模块之间的前进，弹丸位置被感测，并且在模块中依次切换放电。