公开(公告)号：US5637966A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-10

申请号：US384154

申请日：1995-02-06

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Eric Esarey ,  Joon K. Kim

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Eric Esarey ,  Joon K. Kim

IPC分类号： G21K1/00 ,  H05H1/54 ,  H01J23/00

CPC分类号： G21K1/003 ,  H05H1/54

摘要： The invention provides a method and apparatus for generating large amplitude nonlinear plasma waves, driven by an optimized train of independently adjustable, intense laser pulses. In the method, optimal pulse widths, interpulse spacing, and intensity profiles of each pulse are determined for each pulse in a series of pulses. A resonant region of the plasma wave phase space is found where the plasma wave is driven most efficiently by the laser pulses. The accelerator system of the invention comprises several parts: the laser system, with its pulse-shaping subsystem; the electron gun system, also called beam source, which preferably comprises photo cathode electron source and RF-LINAC accelerator; electron photo-cathode triggering system; the electron diagnostics; and the feedback system between the electron diagnostics and the laser system. The system also includes plasma source including vacuum chamber, magnetic lens, and magnetic field means. The laser system produces a train of pulses that has been optimized to maximize the axial electric field amplitude of the plasma wave, and thus the electron acceleration, using the method of the invention.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于产生大幅度非线性等离子体波的方法和装置，该方法和装置由优化的可独立调节的激光脉冲串驱动。 在该方法中，针对一系列脉冲中的每个脉冲确定每个脉冲的最佳脉冲宽度，脉冲间距和强度分布。 发现等离子体波相位空间的谐振区域，其中通过激光脉冲最有效地驱动等离子体波。 本发明的加速器系统包括几个部分：激光系统及其脉冲整形子系统; 电子枪系统也称为光源，其优选包括光阴极电子源和RF-LINAC加速器; 电子光阴触发系统; 电子诊断; 以及电子诊断和激光系统之间的反馈系统。 该系统还包括等离子体源，包括真空室，磁透镜和磁场装置。 激光系统产生一系列脉冲，其已被优化以使等离子体波的轴向电场振幅最大化，从而使用本发明的方法来实现电子加速。

公开(公告)号：US07321604B2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-22

申请号：US10752604

申请日：2004-01-07

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Fei He ,  Yue-Ying Lau

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Fei He ,  Yue-Ying Lau

IPC分类号： H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/09

CPC分类号： H01S3/30 ,  A61N2005/1088 ,  H01S3/0903 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/0959

摘要： A method and apparatus to generate a beam of coherent light including x-rays or XUV by colliding a high-intensity laser pulse with an electron beam that is accelerated by a synchronized laser pulse. Applications include x-ray and EUV lithography, protein structural analysis, plasma diagnostics, x-ray diffraction, crack analysis, non-destructive testing, surface science and ultrafast science.

摘要翻译： 一种通过将高强度激光脉冲与通过同步激光脉冲加速的电子束相撞来产生包括x射线或XUV的相干光束的方法和装置。 应用包括x射线和EUV光刻，蛋白质结构分析，等离子体诊断，x射线衍射，裂纹分析，非破坏性测试，表面科学和超快科学。

公开(公告)号：US08705692B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-22

申请号：US12778302

申请日：2010-05-12

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Sudeep Banerjee

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Sudeep Banerjee

IPC分类号： G01N23/04

CPC分类号： H05G2/003 ,  G01V5/0016 ,  H05G2/001 ,  H05G2/008

摘要： A method and apparatus for generating high-energy beams of electrons or x-rays through laser wakefield acceleration to remotely examine containers is disclosed. By scanning the beam of electrons or x-rays across a container, an inspector can remotely determine whether the containers contain items of interest, such as special nuclear materials, without having to manually inspect the contents of the container. The invention can be compact enough to be portable, which provides for the flexibility to examine a variety of different containers under a variety of different conditions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过激光尾迹加速产生高能量电子束或X射线以远程检查容器的方法和装置。 通过在容器上扫描电子束或X射线，检查员可以远程确定容器是否包含诸如特殊核材料的物品，而无需手动检查容器的内容物。 本发明可以足够紧凑以便携带，这提供了在各种不同条件下检查各种不同容器的灵活性。

公开(公告)号：US5606588A

公开(公告)日：1997-02-25

申请号：US508482

申请日：1995-07-28

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Jonathan Workman ,  Anatoly Maksimchuk ,  Xinbing Liu

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Jonathan Workman ,  Anatoly Maksimchuk ,  Xinbing Liu

IPC分类号： H05G2/00 ,  H05H1/22 ,  H01J35/22

CPC分类号： H05G2/001 ,  G21B1/23

摘要： The present invention provides a system and an apparatus to produce x-rays from plasmas by focusing an intense, short duration optical pulse from a laser onto a target. The concentrated energy contained in the focused laser beam ionizes the target material, raising it to a temperature at which ions are produced in a chain reaction ionization, and x-rays are emitted when ions become de-excited (their electrons change energy level) or free electrons recombine with the ions in the plasma. The method comprises controlling pulse time duration of x-rays emitted from a plasma-forming target by generating a beam of one or more laser pulses; adjusting the intensity of the laser pulse to obtain a desired intensity incident at a surface of the plasma-forming target matter; directing the laser pulse onto the surface of the plasma-forming matter to generate the x-rays having a pulse duration which changes in proportion to a change in the incident laser pulse intensity. In one embodiment, the x-rays are then directed onto a sample target.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种从等离子体产生X射线的系统和装置，其通过将来自激光的强烈的短持续时间的光脉冲聚焦到目标上。 聚焦激光束中所含的浓缩能量将目标材料电离，使其升高到在链式反应电离中产生离子的温度，并且当离子被去激发（它们的电子改变能量水平）时发射X射线，或 自由电子与等离子体中的离子重新结合。 该方法包括通过产生一个或多个激光脉冲的光束来控制从等离子体形成目标发射的x射线的脉冲持续时间; 调整激光脉冲的强度以获得在等离子体形成目标物质的表面入射的所需强度; 将激光脉冲引导到等离子体形成物质的表面上以产生具有与入射激光脉冲强度的变化成比例地变化的脉冲持续时间的x射线。 在一个实施例中，x射线然后被引导到样本目标上。

公开(公告)号：US20060293644A1

公开(公告)日：2006-12-28

申请号：US11471158

申请日：2006-06-20

申请人： Donald Umstadter

发明人： Donald Umstadter

IPC分类号： A61B18/18

CPC分类号： A61B18/24 ,  A61B2018/2266

摘要： A system and methods for transporting light and then intensifying the light are provided. The system and methods can be utilized for a number of applications, including the detection and treatment of cancer and restenosis. Laser light is transported through a catheter (composed of capillaries) which can be fed into a patient allowing the end of the catheter to be placed in close proximity to a tumor. The laser light at the end of the catheter assembly can be reduced in pulse duration and focused to high intensity onto a target and thereby generate in vivo pulses of ionizing radiation.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于传输光，然后强光的系统和方法。 该系统和方法可用于多种应用，包括癌症和再狭窄的检测和治疗。 激光通过导管（由毛细管组成）输送，该导管可以被送入病人，允许将导管的末端放置在靠近肿瘤的位置。 导管组件末端的激光可以减少脉冲持续时间，并且聚焦到目标上的高强度，从而产生电离辐射的体内脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US06909764B2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-21

申请号：US10035819

申请日：2001-11-08

申请人： Anatoly Maksimchuk ,  Koshichi Nemoto ,  Kirk Flippo ,  Shaoting Gu ,  Sudeep Banerjee ,  Donald Umstadter ,  Gerard Mourou ,  Valery Bychenkov

发明人： Anatoly Maksimchuk ,  Koshichi Nemoto ,  Kirk Flippo ,  Shaoting Gu ,  Sudeep Banerjee ,  Donald Umstadter ,  Gerard Mourou ,  Valery Bychenkov

IPC分类号： G21G1/10 ,  G21G1/12 ,  H05H6/00

CPC分类号： H05H6/00 ,  G21G1/10 ,  G21G1/12

摘要： A system is provided for generating high-energy particles and for inducing nuclear reactions. The system includes a laser and for emitting a laser beam, an irradiation target for receiving the laser beam and producing high-energy particles, and a secondary target for receiving the high-energy particles, thereby inducing a nuclear reaction. A method is also provided including producing a laser beam of high-intensity with an ultra-short pulse duration, irradiating the laser beam onto an irradiation target in order to ionize the irradiation target and produce a collimated beam of high-energy particles, and colliding the collimated beam of high-energy particles onto a secondary target containing a nuclei, thereby inducing a nuclear reaction on the secondary target.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于产生高能粒子和诱导核反应的系统。 该系统包括激光和用于发射激光束，用于接收激光束并产生高能粒子的照射目标，以及用于接收高能粒子的次级靶，从而引起核反应。 还提供了一种方法，包括以超短脉冲持续时间产生高强度激光束，将激光束照射到照射目标上，以便使照射目标离子化并产生准能的高能粒子束，并碰撞 高能粒子的准直束到包含核的二次靶上，从而在次级靶上引起核反应。

公开(公告)号：US20100290587A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-18

申请号：US12778302

申请日：2010-05-12

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Sudeep Banerjee

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Sudeep Banerjee

IPC分类号： G01N23/02 ,  H01J27/24

CPC分类号： H05G2/003 ,  G01V5/0016 ,  H05G2/001 ,  H05G2/008

摘要： A method and apparatus for generating high-energy beams of electrons or x-rays through laser wakefield acceleration to remotely examine containers is disclosed. By scanning the beam of electrons or x-rays across a container, an inspector can remotely determine whether the containers contain items of interest, such as special nuclear materials, without having to manually inspect the contents of the container. The invention can be compact enough to be portable, which provides for the flexibility to examine a variety of different containers under a variety of different conditions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过激光尾迹加速产生高能量电子束或X射线以远程检查容器的方法和装置。 通过在容器上扫描电子束或X射线，检查员可以远程确定容器是否包含诸如特殊核材料的物品，而无需手动检查容器的内容物。 本发明可以足够紧凑以便携带，这提供了在各种不同条件下检查各种不同容器的灵活性。

公开(公告)号：US20050147147A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-07

申请号：US10752604

申请日：2004-01-07

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Fei He ,  Y.Y. Lau

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Fei He ,  Y.Y. Lau

IPC分类号： H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/09 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/0959 ,  H01S3/30

CPC分类号： H01S3/30 ,  A61N2005/1088 ,  H01S3/0903 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/0959

摘要： A method and apparatus to generate a beam of coherent light including x-rays or XUV by colliding a high-intensity laser pulse with an electron beam that is accelerated by a synchronized laser pulse. Applications include x-ray and EUV lithography, protein structural analysis, plasma diagnostics, x-ray diffraction, crack analysis, non-destructive testing, surface science and ultrafast science.

摘要翻译： 一种通过将高强度激光脉冲与通过同步激光脉冲加速的电子束相撞来产生包括x射线或XUV的相干光束的方法和装置。 应用包括x射线和EUV光刻，蛋白质结构分析，等离子体诊断，x射线衍射，裂纹分析，非破坏性测试，表面科学和超快科学。

公开(公告)号：US5789876A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US528078

申请日：1995-09-14

申请人： Donald Umstadter ,  Joon-Koo Kim ,  Evan Dodd

发明人： Donald Umstadter ,  Joon-Koo Kim ,  Evan Dodd

IPC分类号： G21K1/00 ,  H01J23/06 ,  H01J23/00

CPC分类号： H05H15/00 ,  G21K1/003 ,  H01J23/06 ,  A61N2005/1088

摘要： The invention provides a novel laser-plasma-based source of relativistic electrons; and a method to use laser-driven plasma waves as the basis for the source of electrons. The technique involves a combination of laser beams, which are focused in a plasma. One beam creates a wakefield plasma wave. In one embodiment, the one beam creates a wakefield plasma wave and the other beam alters the trajectory of background electrons, such that they become trapped in the plasma wave and are then accelerated to relativistic velocities, preferably in a distance less than a millimeter. In another embodiment, the second beam removes electrons from atomic ions previously generated by the first beam thereby providing electrons which become trapped in the plasma wave and then accelerated to relativistic velocities.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种新颖的相对论电子激光等离子体源; 以及使用激光驱动等离子体波作为电子源的基础的方法。 该技术涉及聚焦在等离子体中的激光束的组合。 一个波束产生一个尾声等离子波。 在一个实施例中，一个波束产生一个尾波等离子波，另一个波束改变背景电子的轨迹，使得它们被捕获在等离子体波中，然后被加速到相对速度，优选地在小于毫米的距离处。 在另一个实施例中，第二光束从先前由第一光束产生的原子离子中去除电子，从而提供被俘获在等离子体波中然后被加速到相对速度的电子。