摘要:
A powder-based material system having an intrinsic and stable degree of porosity provided by hollow ceramic spheres (26) in a fully dense matrix (27). A substrate (22) is formed from a metal powder (70), and may be partially sintered (60). A layer (24) of ceramic powder is arranged on the substrate including the pre-sintered hollow ceramic spheres plus a proportion of nano-sized ceramic particles effective to reduce the layer sintering temperature and to increase the sintering shrinkage of the layer to approximate that of the metal substrate during subsequent co-sintering. The substrate and layer are then co-sintered (61), such as with spark plasma sintering (32, 34, 36), at a temperature and for a duration to fully densify the ceramic powder matrix around the hollow spheres, thereby producing a metal/ceramic material system with low interface stress and with stable porosity during operational temperatures in a gas turbine engine.
摘要:
A method for joining a first CMC part (30) having an outer joining portion (32), and a second CMC part (36) having an inner joining portion (38). The second CMC part (36) is heat-cured to a stage of shrinkage more complete than that of the first CMC part (30) prior to joining. The two CMC parts (30, 36) are joined in a mating interface that captures the inner joining portion (38) within the outer joining portion (32). The assembled parts (30, 36) are then fired together, resulting in differential shrinkage that compresses the outer joining portion (32) onto the inner joining portion (38), providing a tightly pre-stressed joint. Optionally, a refractory adhesive (42) may be used in the joint. Shrinkage of the outer joining portion (32) avoids shrinkage cracks in the adhesive (42).
摘要:
A multi-wall gas turbine airfoil (192) and method of forming same using a casting core (150) having a monolithic body configured to define a pressure side wall (12), a suction side wall (14), and a third wall (16). The casting core is formed around a fugitive insert (96) during a single pour casting process.
摘要:
A method for creating a textured surface (52) of bond coat material (18) for improving the performance of a thermal barrier coating system (12). A plurality of columns (62) of bond coat material are formed by spraying (52) the material through a corresponding plurality of openings (32) in a mask (30) applied to a surface (40) to be textured. The openings may be formed in only a region (34) of the mask in response to an image of the surface to be textured. The mask and excess material (54) applied over the mask are then removed to reveal the textured surface.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a component, including providing a three-dimensional computer model of the component to be produced; deconstructing the three-dimensional computer model by defining a plurality of model slices; forming a plurality of metallic foils, where each foil corresponds to a specific model slice; assembling the plurality of formed foils in a tool to form a three-dimensional component stack; and bonding the three-dimensional component stack to form the component. Characteristics of the foils may differ in various portions of the stack, such as being a different material, having a different thickness, or having a different grain orientation. The control of dimensional tolerances of internal structures, such as cooling passages, in three dimensions is devolved into two separate steps of 1) selecting a thickness of each slice/foil, and 2) controlling in two dimensions a material removal process applied to the respective foil.
摘要:
A method of forming a ceramic layer on a metal substrate. A substrate (40) is formed (54) from a powder (24) of the metal, and may optionally be partially sintered (56). A layer (43) of powdered ceramic is formed (58) on or applied against the substrate (45). The ceramic powder may include a proportion of nano-sized particles effective to reduce the ceramic sintering temperature and to increase the sintering shrinkage of the ceramic layer to more closely match that of the metal substrate. The substrate and layer are then co-sintered (21, 60) at a temperature and for a duration that densifies and bonds them, producing a metal/ceramic layered material system with low interface stress that is durable to temperature variations in a gas turbine. Spark plasma sintering (32, 34, 36) may be used to sinter and/or co-sinter substrate and layer materials that normally cannot be sintered.
摘要:
A method of casting a component (42) having convoluted interior passageways (44). A desired three dimensional structure corresponding to a later-formed metal alloy component is formed by stacking a plurality of sheets (18, 20) of a fugitive material.The sheets contain void areas (22) corresponding to a desired interior passageway in the metal alloy component. A ceramic slurry material is cast into the three dimensional structure to form either a ceramic core (34) or a complete ceramic casting vessel (38). If just a ceramic core is formed, a wax pattern is formed around the ceramic core and an exterior ceramic shell (38) is formed around the wax pattern by a dipping process prior to the removal of the fugitive material and wax. An alloy component having the desired interior passageway is cast into the casting vessel after the fugitive material is removed.
摘要:
A wall structure (32, 42, 68, 70, 80) with layers (A, B, C, D, E) of non-random voids (26A, 26B, 28B, 30B) that interconnect to form discretely defined tortuous passages between an interior (21) and an exterior surface (23) of the wall for transpiration cooling of the wall. A coolant flow (38) through the wall may be metered by restrictions in coolant outlets (31) and/or within the passages to minimize the coolant requirement. Pockets (44) may be formed on the exterior surface of the wall for thermal Insulation (46). The layers may be formed by lamination, additive manufacturing, or casting. Layer geometries include alternating layers (A, B, C) with different overlapping void patterns (42), 3-D lattice structures (70), and offset waffle structures (80).
摘要:
A turbine engine component, such as a turbine blade or vane, with complex internal features can be cast using a core having a first region with normal resolution features and a second region with high resolution features. The core can be formed from a single structure. Alternatively, the first region can be defined by a first ceramic core piece, which can be formed by any conventional process, such as by injection molding or transfer molding. The second region can be defined by a second ceramic core piece formed separately by a method effective to produce high resolution features, such as tomo lithographic molding. The first core piece and the second core piece can be joined by interlocking engagement, such as by male and female dovetails. The high resolution features can be effective to produce high efficiency internal cooling features in the cast component.
摘要:
The interlocking of two or more sections via the insertion of one or more out-of-plane features in one section or combination of sections through a void in one or more a complementary sections can result in a reinforced ceramic matrix composite article upon securing of the sections. The sections can be secured by friction between two tightly matched sections or by the use of a pin, hook, or clamp. The sections can be constructed from one or more CMC laminate sheets. The out-of-plane feature can be a loop or a flange and the void can be an orifice or a matched loop in the complementary sheet. The securing of the sections can result in a CMC article where the delamination between sheets is inhibited.