公开(公告)号：US5173750A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-22

申请号：US475575

申请日：1990-02-06

Applicant: Joseph F. Laukaitis

Inventor： Joseph F. Laukaitis

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/27

CPC classification number: G01J1/16 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01J2001/1694 ,  G01J2001/184 ,  G01J2001/4433 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/0621

Abstract: A reflection densitometer includes a light source and a photodetector having an output which has a signal component characteristic of the amount of reflected light received from a surface to be measured and a noise component. The noise component of the output is isolated in time by switching the light source on and off so as to create alternating first and second time periods during which the output of the photodetector is characteristic of only the noise component and in which the output of the photodetector is characteristic of both the signal component plus the noise component, respectively. The output of the photodetector during the second time period is subtracted from the output during the first time period to obtain a signal characteristic of only the output of the photodetector characteristic of relected light received. The signal is held constant during the first and second periods by a sample and hold circuit adapted to sample the signal during the second periods and to hold the sampled signal during the first periods.

Abstract translation: 反射光密度计包括光源和具有输出的光电检测器，该输出具有从被测量表面接收的反射光的信号分量特性和噪声分量。 通过切换光源来输出的噪声分量在时间上是隔离的，以便产生交替的第一和第二时间段，在该时间段期间，光电检测器的输出仅具有噪声分量，并且其中光电检测器的输出 分别是信号分量加噪声分量的特征。 在第一时间段期间，从第二时间段的光电检测器的输出中减去输出，以获得仅接收的所选择的光的光检测器特性的输出的信号特性。 信号在第一和第二周期期间由采样和保持电路保持恒定，该采样和保持电路适于在第二周期期间对信号进行采样并且在第一周期期间保持采样信号。

公开(公告)号：US5079422A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-07

申请号：US583234

申请日：1990-09-13

Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20

CPC classification number: G08B17/117 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N2201/0228 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A system for detecting fires uses at least two carbon dioxide sensors positioned at spaced locations in a room. Each sensor produces an electrical output signal representative of the carbon dioxide concentration in its vicinity. A computer calculates the ratio of the concentration sensed by each sensor to the concentration sensed by each of the other sensors, and any imbalance in the distribution of carbon dioxide will be reflected in these ratios. Random variations prevent the ratios from being equal, and the magnitude of the random variations is quantized by calculating the standard deviation of the ratios. The ratios are then normalized and compared to a threshold level that corresponds to a chosen false alarm rate.

Abstract translation: 用于检测火灾的系统使用位于房间间隔位置处的至少两个二氧化碳传感器。 每个传感器产生代表其附近二氧化碳浓度的电输出信号。 计算机计算由每个传感器感测的浓度与由每个传感器感测的浓度的比例，并且二氧化碳分布中的任何不平衡将反映在这些比率中。 随机变化阻止比率相等，并且通过计算比率的标准偏差来量化随机变化的幅度。 然后将比率归一化并与对应于所选择的误报率的阈值水平进行比较。

公开(公告)号：US5060508A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-29

申请号：US503216

申请日：1990-04-02

Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

IPC: G01N21/35 ,  G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N1/00 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/61 ,  G08B17/10 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20

CPC classification number: G01N21/0303 ,  G01N1/2258 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2021/0321 ,  G01N2021/0385 ,  G01N2021/052 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N2201/0228 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A sample chamber for use in measuring the absorption of radiation as it passes through a gas within the chamber includes a block having an extended serpentine passage through it. The walls of the extended passage are coated with a highly reflective material so that the extended passage acts as a light pipe for transmitting the radiation. A number of smaller passages permit gases in the space surrounding the sample chamber to diffuse into the extended passage through which the radiation is conducted. The sampling chamber is made by joining two halves, each of which has a planar face in which an elongated groove is produced. The halves are molded of plastic and in quantity the chamber is quite inexpensive.

Abstract translation: 用于测量辐射在其通过腔室内的气体时的吸收的样品室包括具有延伸的蛇形通道的块体。 延伸通道的壁涂覆有高反射材料，使得延伸通道用作用于传输辐射的光管。 许多较小的通道允许在样品室周围的空间中的气体扩散进入辐射通过的延伸通道。 采样室通过连接两个半部制成，每个半部具有制造细长槽的平面。 一半由塑料模制而成，而且室内价格相当便宜。

公开(公告)号：US5026992A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-25

申请号：US403587

申请日：1989-09-06

Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20

CPC classification number: G08B29/20 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N2201/0228 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: An instrument for determining the concentration of a particular gas that might be present in a sample has no moving parts and is extremely compact. The instrument uses as a source of radiation a device that has a radiating element whose temperature is alternated between T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 and whose spectrum approximates that of a blackbody. Radiation from this source is passed through a dual pass band filter that has two non-overlapping pass bands, one of which is centered at a wavelength at which the gas absorbs and the other of which is centered at a wavelength at which the sample does not absorb radiation. After passing through this filter, the radiation passes through the sample chamber and then is intercepted by a detector which produces an electrical signal determined by the radiation intercepted. The electrical signal is processed to provide an indication of the concentration of the gas.

Abstract translation: 用于确定样品中可能存在的特定气体的浓度的仪器没有移动部件并且非常紧凑。 该仪器用作辐射源，该装置具有辐射元件，其温度在T1和T2之间交替，其光谱近似于黑体的辐射元件。 来自该源的辐射通过双通带滤波器，该双通带滤波器具有两个不重叠的通带，其中一个通道以气体吸收的波长为中心，另一个通过频带以样品不在波长为中心 吸收辐射。 在通过该滤光器之后，辐射通过样品室，然后由检测器截取，该检测器产生由截断的辐射确定的电信号。 处理电信号以提供气体浓度的指示。

公开(公告)号：US4851689A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-25

申请号：US137414

申请日：1987-12-23

Applicant: Kazuo Hasegawa

Inventor： Kazuo Hasegawa

IPC: G06F3/042 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H01H35/00 ,  H03K17/14 ,  H03K17/78 ,  H03K17/94

CPC classification number: H03K17/14 ,  G01J1/42 ,  H03K17/941 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/4238 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01N2201/0621

Abstract: A photodetecting circuit for detecting radiation emitted from a light emitting element in the presence of ambient radiation is disclosed. The circuit includes a first and a second synchronizing on/off input signal having a predetermined period, each signal being complementary to the other. When the first synchronizing signal is "on", the second synchronizing signal is "off" and the circuit can detect the amount of ambient radiation. When the first synchronizing signal is "off", the second synchronizing signal is turned "on" and the light emitting element is energized and the circuit detects the amount of radiation emitted therefrom. The circuit prevents erroneous readings of radiation emitted from the light emitting element when the amount of detected ambient radiation is high.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于在存在环境辐射的情况下检测从发光元件发射的辐射的光电检测电路。 电路包括具有预定周期的第一和第二同步开/关输入信号，每个信号彼此互补。 当第一同步信号为“接通”时，第二同步信号为“关”，电路可以检测环境辐射量。 当第一同步信号为“关闭”时，第二同步信号变为“接通”，并且发光元件被通电，并且电路检测从其发射的辐射量。 当检测到的环境辐射量高时，电路防止从发光元件发射的辐射的错误读数。

公开(公告)号：US4728188A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-01

申请号：US839334

申请日：1986-03-13

Applicant: Seizi Kitagawa ,  Shozi Yoshikawa ,  Haruhiko Takemura

Inventor： Seizi Kitagawa ,  Shozi Yoshikawa ,  Haruhiko Takemura

IPC: G11B7/125 ,  H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/068 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  G01J1/18

CPC classification number: H01S5/06825 ,  H01S5/0617 ,  H01S5/0683

Abstract: A light source degradation detecting apparatus for a laser device monitors drive currents and output laser beams. The degradation detecting apparatus includes drivers for supplying three drive signals to the laser, a photodiode for detecting laser outputs produced in response to the drive signals, a memory for storing measured values and the drive signals, and a discriminator for calculating ratio P from storage data (laser outputs W.sub.n, W.sub.n+1, and W.sub.n+2 produced in response to drive currents I.sub.n, I.sub.n+1, and I.sub.n+2) as follows:P={(W.sub.n+2 -W.sub.n)/(I.sub.n+2 -I.sub.n)}/{(W.sub.n+1 -W.sub.n)/(I.sub.n+1 -I.sub.n)}and for discriminating that the laser has reached an end of its life when the ratio P falls outside a predetermined range.

Abstract translation: 用于激光装置的光源劣化检测装置监视驱动电流并输出激光束。 劣化检测装置包括用于向激光器提供三个驱动信号的驱动器，用于检测响应于驱动信号产生的激光输出的光电二极管，用于存储测量值的存储器和驱动信号，以及用于从存储数据计算比率P的鉴别器 （激光输出Wn，Wn + 1和Wn + 2响应于驱动电流In，In + 1和In + 2而产生）如下：P = {（Wn + 2-Wn）/（In + 2-In ）} / {（Wn + 1-Wn）/（In + 1-In）}，并且用于鉴别当比率P在预定范围之外时激光已经达到其寿命的结束。

公开(公告)号：US4549080A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-22

申请号：US505387

申请日：1983-06-17

Applicant: Lowell L. Baskins ,  James M. Keene ,  John G. Montfort

Inventor： Lowell L. Baskins ,  James M. Keene ,  John G. Montfort

IPC: G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01J1/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01N2021/536 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N2201/0216 ,  G01N2201/1245 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: A mixture of H.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2 and CO are measured in the same sample chamber by infrared radiation passing through the chamber and absorption filters passing a narrow band in their respective absorption curves to an infrared detector. Background radiation is zeroed by grounding the detector response when an opaque segment is disposed in the path. A reference filter detects drift which is automatically corrected.

Abstract translation: 通过红外辐射通过室和吸收滤光片在相同的样品室中测量H 2 O，CO 2和CO的混合物，吸收滤光片通过其各自的吸收曲线中的窄带到红外检测器。 当不透明段设置在路径中时，通过将检测器响应接地来对背景辐射进行归零。 参考滤波器检测自动校正的漂移。

公开(公告)号：US4330210A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-18

申请号：US69926

申请日：1979-08-27

Applicant: Noriyoshi Hashimoto ,  Mikio Ito ,  Kikuo Tamura

Inventor： Noriyoshi Hashimoto ,  Mikio Ito ,  Kikuo Tamura

IPC: G01J3/36 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/38

CPC classification number: G01J3/2803 ,  G01J1/18

Abstract: This specification discloses a dark current correcting device in a spectrophotometer utilizing, as the photoelectric converting element, an image sensor capable of electrical scanning such as a photo-diode array to improve the scanning speed and the reliability, thus eliminating the error component by the dark current from the photoelectric conversion signal obtained from each photoelectric converting element of the image sensor and enabling obtainment of a true photoelectric conversion signal.

Abstract translation: 本说明书公开了一种使用光电转换元件作为光电二极管阵列的能够进行电扫描的图像传感器的分光光度计中的暗电流校正装置，以提高扫描速度和可靠性，从而消除了黑暗中的误差分量 从图像传感器的每个光电转换元件获得的光电转换信号的电流，并且能够获得真实的光电转换信号。

公开(公告)号：US4087186A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-02

申请号：US728847

申请日：1976-10-01

Applicant: Alex Vinatzer

Inventor： Alex Vinatzer

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/46

CPC classification number: G01J1/18

Abstract: In a photometric circuit a reference current is supplied into the input of the logarithmic amplifier at the same time the signal compensating the error originating in the photocell is supplied to the circuit. The reference current corresponds to the current which would occur in the photocell for the lowest measurable intensity of illumination. A sum-and-difference amplifier has one of its inputs supplied by the output of the logarithmic amplifier and its second input is supplied by a reference voltage. The control loop contains a storage capacitor connected after the sum-and-difference amplifier and an impedance converter connected after the storage capacitor. The compensating and reference currents are controlled by switches synchronized with a light chopper mounted in front of the photocell.

Abstract translation: 在光度测量电路中，同时将参考电流提供给对数放大器的输入，同时将补偿光电管中产生的误差的信号提供给电路。 参考电流对应于在光电池中将发生的最小可测量照度强度的电流。 和差放大器具有由对数放大器的输出提供的其输入中的一个，其第二输入由参考电压提供。 控制回路包含在和差放大器之后连接的存储电容器和在存储电容器之后连接的阻抗转换器。 补偿和参考电流由与安装在光电管前面的光斩波器同步的开关控制。

公开(公告)号：US4061431A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-06

申请号：US628654

申请日：1975-11-04

Applicant: Kenji Toyoda

Inventor： Kenji Toyoda

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G03B7/091 ,  H03M1/00 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G03B7/08

CPC classification number: G03B7/091 ,  G01J1/18 ,  H03M1/1057

Abstract: A light measuring and indicating circuit utilizing indicating elements such as light-emitting diodes, to indicate corresponding light intensity levels. Intermediate levels are indicated without increasing the number of flip-flops employed in an activating circuit for the light-emitting diodes by intentionally causing the circuit to activate light-emitting diodes alternately. The activating circuit includes a reversible digital counter controlling the light-emitting diodes, two comparators for operating the counter reversibly in response to the comparison of light-dependent and standard signals, and a digital-to-analog converter which varies one or more of said signals in accordance with a counter output.

Abstract translation: 利用诸如发光二极管的指示元件的光测量和指示电路来指示对应的光强度水平。 指示中间级别，而不增加用于发光二极管的激活电路中使用的触发器的数量，其有意地使电路交替地激活发光二极管。 激活电路包括控制发光二极管的可逆数字计数器，用于响应于光依赖和标准信号的比较而可逆地操作计数器的两个比较器和改变所述光源相关标准信号的一个或多个的数模转换器 信号按照计数器输出。