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    Degradation protection of solid alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane
    5.
    发明授权
    Degradation protection of solid alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane 有权
    固体碱离子导电电解质膜的降解保护

    公开(公告)号：US09431682B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-08-30

    申请号：US14072468

    申请日：2013-11-05

    申请人： Ceramatec, Inc.

    发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mathew Robins ,  Chett Boxley

    IPC分类号： H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M4/52

    CPC分类号： H01M10/4235 ,  H01M4/368 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M10/3918 ,  H01M2300/0074

    摘要： The present invention provides an electrochemical cell having an negative electrode compartment and a positive electrode compartment. A solid alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane is positioned between the negative electrode compartment and the positive electrode compartment. A catholyte solution in the positive electrode compartment includes a halide ion or pseudohalide ion concentration greater than 3M, which provides degradation protection to the alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane. The halide ion or pseudohalide ion is selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, azide, thiocyanate, and cyanide. In some embodiments, the electrochemical cell is a molten sodium rechargeable cell which functions at an operating temperature between about 100° C. and about 150° C.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供具有负电极室和正电极室的电化学电池。 固体碱离子传导性电解质膜位于负极室和正极室之间。 正电极室中的阴极电解液包含大于3M的卤离子或拟卤化物离子浓度，其为碱离子导电电解质膜提供降解保护。 卤离子或拟卤离子选自氯化物，溴化物，碘化物，叠氮化物，硫氰酸盐和氰化物。 在一些实施方案中，电化学电池是在约100℃至约150℃的操作温度下起作用的熔融钠可再充电电池。

    Fixed bed reactor heat transfer structure
    6.
    发明授权
    Fixed bed reactor heat transfer structure 有权
    固定床反应器传热结构

    公开(公告)号：US09157689B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-10-13

    申请号：US14078040

    申请日：2013-11-12

    申请人： Ceramatec, Inc.

    发明人： Joseph J. Hartvigsen

    IPC分类号： F28F7/00 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24

    CPC分类号： F28F7/00 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J2208/00115 ,  B01J2208/0015 ,  B01J2208/00168 ,  B01J2208/00212 ,  B01J2208/00238 ,  B01J2208/00513 ,  B01J2208/065 ,  B01J2219/30223 ,  B01J2219/30242 ,  B01J2219/30408 ,  B01J2219/30416 ,  F28D2021/0022 ,  F28F1/40

    摘要： An apparatus includes a heat transfer structure configured to be disposed at least partially within an enclosure of a fixed bed reactor and operable to transfer heat from a heat source to a heat sink. The heat transfer structure includes a plurality of fins each fin including a first end and a second end, the first end contacting an inner surface of the enclosure of the fixed bed reactor, the second end at least partially enclosed within the enclosure of the fixed bed reactor. A path of at least one of the plurality of fins comprises the shortest possible length between the first end of the at least one of the plurality of fins and the second end of the at least one of the plurality of fins.

    摘要翻译： 一种装置包括传热结构，其被配置为至少部分地设置在固定床反应器的外壳内并可操作以将热量从热源传递到散热器。 传热结构包括多个翅片，每个翅片包括第一端和第二端，第一端接触固定床反应器的外壳的内表面，第二端至少部分地封闭在固定床的外壳内 反应堆。 所述多个翅片中的至少一个的路径包括所述多个翅片中的所述至少一个翅片的所述第一端与所述多个翅片中的所述至少一个翅片的所述第二端之间的最短可能长度。

    Electrochemical synthesis of aryl-alkyl surfacant precursor
    7.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical synthesis of aryl-alkyl surfacant precursor 有权
    芳基烷基表面活性剂前体的电化学合成

    公开(公告)号：US09051656B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-06-09

    申请号：US13092685

    申请日：2011-04-22

    申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mukund Karanjikar ,  Pallavi Chitta

    发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mukund Karanjikar ,  Pallavi Chitta

    IPC分类号： C25B3/00 ,  C25B1/16 ,  C25B3/10 ,  C25B9/08

    CPC分类号： C25B3/10 ,  C25B9/08

    摘要： An aryl-alkyl (R—Ar) hydrocarbon is prepared by an electrosynthesis process in an electrolytic cell having an alkali ion conductive membrane positioned between an anolyte compartment configured with an anode and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. An anolyte solution containing an alkali metal salt of an alkyl carboxylic acid and an aryl compound is introduced into the anolyte compartment. The aryl compound may include an alkali metal salt of an aryl carboxylic acid, an arene (aromatic) hydrocarbon, or an aryl alkali metal adduct (Ar−M+). The anolyte solution undergoes electrolytic decarboxylation to form an alkyl radical. The alkyl radical reacts with the aryl compound to produce the aryl-alkyl hydrocarbon.

    摘要翻译： 通过电解槽法制备芳基 - 烷基（R-Ar）烃，该电解槽具有位于由阳极构成的阳极电解室与构成阴极的阴极电解室之间的碱离子导电膜。 将含有烷基羧酸和芳基化合物的碱金属盐的阳极电解液引入阳极电解液室。 芳基化合物可以包括芳基羧酸的碱金属盐，芳烃（芳族）烃或芳基碱金属加合物（Ar-M +）。 阳极电解液经历电解脱羧以形成烷基。 烷基与芳基化合物反应生成芳基 - 烷基烃。

    Low temperature molten sodium secondary cell with sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane
    8.
    发明授权
    Low temperature molten sodium secondary cell with sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane 有权
    低温熔融钠二次电池与钠离子导电电解质膜

    公开(公告)号：US08968902B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-03-03

    申请号：US13290716

    申请日：2011-11-07

    申请人： W. Grover Coors ,  Chett Boxley ,  Mathew Robins ,  Alexis Eccleston

    发明人： W. Grover Coors ,  Chett Boxley ,  Mathew Robins ,  Alexis Eccleston

    IPC分类号： H01M4/52 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M6/20 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M4/32 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01B1/12 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M10/38

    CPC分类号： H01M10/39 ,  H01B1/122 ,  H01M4/32 ,  H01M4/362 ,  H01M4/381 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/38 ,  H01M10/3918 ,  H01M2300/002 ,  H01M2300/0094

    摘要： The present invention provides a molten sodium secondary cell. In some cases, the secondary cell includes a sodium metal negative electrode, a positive electrode compartment that includes a positive electrode disposed in a liquid positive electrode solution, and a sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane that separates the negative electrode from the positive electrode solution. In such cases, the electrolyte membrane can comprise any suitable material, including, without limitation, a NaSICON membrane. Furthermore, in such cases, the liquid positive electrode solution can comprise any suitable positive electrode solution, including, but not limited to, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Generally, when the cell functions, the sodium negative electrode is molten and in contact with the electrolyte membrane. Additionally, the cell is functional at an operating temperature between about 100° C. and about 170° C. Indeed, in some instances, the molten sodium secondary cell is functional between about 110° C. and about 130° C.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种熔融钠二次电池。 在一些情况下，二次电池包括钠金属负极，包括设置在液体正极溶液中的正极的正电极室和将负极与正极溶液分离的钠离子导电电解质膜。 在这种情况下，电解质膜可以包括任何合适的材料，包括但不限于NaSICON膜。 此外，在这种情况下，液体正极溶液可以包括任何合适的正极溶液，包括但不限于氢氧化钠水溶液。 通常，当电池发挥功能时，钠负极熔融并与电解质膜接触。 此外，电池在约100℃至约170℃的工作温度下起作用。实际上，在一些情况下，熔融钠二次电池在约110℃至约130℃之间起作用。

    Solid-state sodium-based secondary cell having a sodium ion conductive ceramic separator
    9.
    发明授权
    Solid-state sodium-based secondary cell having a sodium ion conductive ceramic separator 有权
    具有钠离子传导陶瓷隔板的固态钠基二次电池

    公开(公告)号：US08859141B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-10-14

    申请号：US12940864

    申请日：2010-11-05

    申请人： Chett Boxley ,  W. Grover Coors ,  John Joseph Watkins

    发明人： Chett Boxley ,  W. Grover Coors ,  John Joseph Watkins

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M2/16 ,  H01M10/056 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M10/05

    CPC分类号： H01M10/0569 ,  H01M2/1646 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/381 ,  H01M4/40 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/056 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/0567 ,  H01M10/30 ,  H01M10/3909 ,  H01M10/3918 ,  H01M2300/0028 ,  H01M2300/0045 ,  H01M2300/0071 ,  Y02E60/12

    摘要： The present invention provides a solid-state sodium-based secondary cell (or rechargeable battery). While the secondary cell can include any suitable component, in some cases, the secondary cell comprises a solid sodium metal negative electrode that is disposed in a non-aqueous negative electrolyte solution that includes an ionic liquid. Additionally, the cell comprises a positive electrode that is disposed in a positive electrolyte solution. In order to separate the negative electrode and the negative electrolyte solution from the positive electrolyte solution, the cell includes a sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane. Because the cell's negative electrode is in a solid state as the cell functions, the cell may operate at room temperature. Additionally, where the negative electrolyte solution contains the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid may impede dendrite formation on the surface of the negative electrode as the cell is recharged and sodium ions are reduced onto the negative electrode.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种固态钠基二次电池（或可再充电电池）。 虽然二次电池可以包括任何合适的组分，但在一些情况下，二次电池包括固体钠金属负极，其设置在包含离子液体的非水性负电解质溶液中。 此外，电池包括设置在正电解质溶液中的正电极。 为了将负极和负极电解质溶液与正极电解质溶液分离，电池包括钠离子传导性电解质膜。 因为电池的负极在电池起作用时处于固态，电池可以在室温下运行。 此外，当负电解质溶液含有离子液体时，当电池被再充电并且钠离子被还原到负极上时，离子液体可能阻碍负极表面上的枝晶形成。

    PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE CHEMICALS BY ELECTROREDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN A NASICON CELL
    10.
    发明申请
    PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE CHEMICALS BY ELECTROREDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN A NASICON CELL 有权
    通过在NASICON细胞中二氧化碳的电解制备有价值的化学物质

    公开(公告)号：US20140251822A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

    申请号：US14198289

    申请日：2014-03-05

    申请人： Ceramatec, Inc.

    发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  James Mosby

    IPC分类号： C25B9/08 ,  C25B3/04

    CPC分类号： C25B9/08 ,  C25B3/04

    摘要： A NaSICON cell is used to convert carbon dioxide into a usable, valuable product. In general, this reaction occurs at the cathode where electrons are used to reduce the carbon dioxide, in the presence of water and/or hydrogen gas, to form formate, methane, ethylene, other hydrocarbons and/or other chemicals. The particular chemical that is formed depends upon the reaction conditions, the voltage applied, etc.

    摘要翻译： NaSICON电池用于将二氧化碳转化成可用的有价值的产品。 通常，这种反应发生在阴极处，其中电子用于在水和/或氢气的存在下还原二氧化碳，以形成甲酸盐，甲烷，乙烯，其它烃和/或其它化学物质。 形成的具体化学物质取决于反应条件，施加的电压等。