摘要:
A crude oil composition wherein fouling has been mitigating and a method for mitigating crude oil fouling. The composition includes crude oil and an improved dispersant material for mitigating fouling which comprises a reaction product of a polyamine and a polyisobutylene succinyl anhydride made with a polyisobutylene having a vinylidene double bond content of at least 50%. The reaction product has an active nitrogen atom content of at least about 2% by weight. The reaction product is prepared by thermally reacting the polyisobutylene with maleic anhydride to produce said polyisobutylene succinyl anhydride and thereafter reacting the polyisobutylene succinyl anhydride with a polyamine having 5 to 7 active nitrogen atoms. The method includes providing the dispersant material and dispersing the same in crude oil.
摘要:
Apparatus for olefin polymerization includes a plurality of shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors, each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection. Each reactor is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor. The apparatus also includes an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold interconnecting the reactors for operation in parallel. The apparatus also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets for each reactor arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition. The apparatus further incorporates a crude polyolefin product catalyst removal and wash system including a plurality of settler vessels, associated piping and an inlet for a catalyst killing agent. This crude polyolefin product catalyst removal and wash system operates to receive crude polyolefin product from the crude polyolefin product outlet and remove residual catalyst therefrom.
摘要:
A novel liquid phase polymerization process for preparing a polyolefin product having preselected properties is disclosed. The process includes the steps of providing a liquid feedstock which contains an olefinic component and a catalyst composition consisting of a stable complex of BF3 and a complexing agent therefor. The feedstock may comprise any one or more of a number of olefins including branched olefins such as isobutylene, C3 to C15 linear alpha olefins and C4 to C15 reactive non-alpha olefins. The feedstock and the catalyst composition are introduced into a residual reaction mixture recirculating in a loop reactor reaction zone provided in the tube side of a shell and tube heat exchanger at a recirculation rate sufficient to cause intimate intermixing of the residual reaction mixture, the added feedstock and the added catalyst composition. The heat of the polymerization reaction is removed from the recirculating intimately intermixed reaction admixture at a rate calculated to provide a substantially constant reaction temperature therein while the same is recirculating in said reaction zone. The conditions in the reactor are appropriate for causing olefinic components introduced in said feedstock to undergo polymerization to form the desired polyolefin product in the presence of the catalyst composition. A product stream containing the desired polyolefin product is withdrawn from the reaction zone. The introduction of the feedstock into the reaction zone and the withdrawal of the product stream from the reaction zone are controlled such that the residence time of the olefinic components undergoing polymerization in the reaction zone is appropriate for production of the desired polyolefin product.
摘要:
A 1-phenyl-2-nitroalcohol of the formula I ##STR1## having a (1R*,2S*) stereoisomer and a (1R*2R*) stereoisomer is produced by reacting benzaldehyde with a nitroalkane in the presence of an amine catalyst. The resulting 1-phenyl-2-nitroalcohol includes at least 50% of the (1R*,2S*) stereoisomer.
摘要:
A method for preparing a catalyst system for heterogenous catalysis of an isobutylene polymerization reaction includes the steps of forming an alumina support in which the alumina support has pores formed therein, and reacting BF3/methanol catalyst complex with the alumina support. The ratio of methanol to BF3 in the catalyst complex ranges from 0.5 moles to 2 moles of methanol per mole of BF3. The alumina support is formed so as to have pores each having a diameter of greater than twenty nanometers. The alumina support can be in the form of beads or extrudates having a length significantly greater than a diameter. The extrudate can also have a tri-lobe configuration.
摘要:
A polyisobutylene composition has polyisobutylene molecules with a first portion having a alpha vinylidene molecules, a second portion having beta vinylidene molecules, and a third portion having internal vinylidene molecules. The first portion has less than 75% of the polyisobutylene molecules of the composition. A total of the first portion and the second portion is less than 90% of the polyisobutylene molecules of the composition. The third portion is more than 3% of the polyisobutylene molecules of the composition. A process for forming this polyisobutylene polymer composition passes an isobutylene through a fixed bed reactor having a boron trifluoride/alcohol complex therein so as to produce the polyisobutylene composition.
摘要:
Apparatus for olefin polymerization includes one or more shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors, each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection. Each reactor is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor. The apparatus may also include an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold interconnecting the reactors for operation in parallel. The apparatus also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets for each reactor arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition.
摘要:
Apparatus for olefin polymerization includes a plurality of shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors, each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection. Each reactor is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor. The apparatus also includes an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold interconnecting the reactors for operation in parallel. The apparatus also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets for each reactor arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition. The apparatus further incorporates a crude polyolefin product catalyst removal and wash system including a plurality of settler vessels, associated piping and an inlet for a catalyst killing agent. This crude polyolefin product catalyst removal and wash system operates to receive crude polyolefin product from the crude polyolefin product outlet and remove residual catalyst therefrom.
摘要:
A method for preparing a catalyst system for heterogenous catalysis of an isobutylene polymerization reaction includes the steps of forming an alumina support in which the alumina support has pores formed therein, and reacting BF3/methanol catalyst complex with the alumina support. The ratio of methanol to BF3 in the catalyst complex ranges from 0.5 moles to 2 moles of methanol per mole of BF3. The alumina support is formed so as to have pores each having a diameter of greater than twenty nanometers. The alumina support can be in the form of beads or extrudates having a length significantly greater than a diameter. The extrudate can also have a tri-lobe configuration.
摘要:
A catalyst system for heterogeneous catalysis of organic compound conversion reactions is disclosed. The system includes a reaction product of (i) a BF3/alcohol catalyst complex and (ii) an activated metal oxide support for the catalyst complex. The reaction product includes an amount of the catalyst complex effective for catalyzing the conversion reaction.