公开(公告)号：US07397566B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-08

申请号：US11508774

申请日：2006-08-23

申请人： Edward W. Stark

发明人： Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G01N21/47

CPC分类号： G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/255

摘要： A method, system and apparatus for improving at least one of a) optical interactance measurements, b) optical transmittance measurements and c) optical reflectance measurements. The apparatus has a probe having a body portion and an tip portion. The body portion has a central tubular element having an opening therethrough. The tip portion has a central aperture and a number that is a plurality of ring openings therein. At least some of the plurality of rings are angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the probe. A plurality of fiber optic bundles corresponds in number at least to the number of ring openings, and at least one fiber optic bundle is arranged at one end of the longitudinal axis for receiving specimen information and at another end of the longitudinal axis connected to a detector for receiving a signal.

摘要翻译： 一种用于改进a）光学相互作用测量，b）光学透射率测量和c）光学反射率测量中的至少一个的方法，系统和设备。 该装置具有探针，其具有主体部分和尖端部分。 主体部分具有中心管状元件，其具有穿过其中的开口。 尖端部分具有中心孔和数量，其中是多个环形开口。 多个环中的至少一些相对于探针的纵向轴线成角度。 多个光纤束的数目至少对应于环形开口的数量，并且至少一个光纤束布置在纵向轴线的一端以接收样本信息，并且在连接到检测器的纵轴的另一端 用于接收信号。

公开(公告)号：US07142307B1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-28

申请号：US08818289

申请日：1997-03-14

申请人： Edward W. Stark

发明人： Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G01N21/47

CPC分类号： G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/255

摘要： Apparatus and a method are disclosed for the simultaneous or rapid sequential use of two or more different separations between the source and detector of the measuring apparatus to obtain spectral measurement data in diffuse transmission or “interaction” modes of collecting optical information from a specimen. The method and apparatus subsequently combine separate data taken from two or more different pathlengths to provide discrimination against undesired information while preserving or enhancing desired information. Additional reference information to normalize the optical signal is also provided. The optical and mechanical design of the optical probe also provides for transmittance, reflectance and interactance measurements on small amounts of specimen.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于在测量装置的源和检测器之间同时或快速地顺序使用两个或更多个不同分离的装置和方法，以获得从样本收集光学信息的漫射透射或“相互作用”模式中的光谱测量数据。 该方法和设备随后组合从两个或多个不同路径长度获得的分离数据，以提供对不期望信息的区分，同时保留或增强期望信息。 还提供了用于标准化光信号的附加参考信息。 光学探针的光学和机械设计还提供了对少量样品的透射率，反射率和相互作用测量。

公开(公告)号：US4658131A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-14

申请号：US470234

申请日：1983-02-28

申请人： Edward W. Stark

发明人： Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G01J1/02 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01N21/01

CPC分类号： G01N21/474 ,  G01N2201/065

摘要： A lens for utilization in the radiation energy exit port of a radiation energy integrating sphere is provided, and functions to prevent instrumental specular radiation energy reflections from striking the interior wall surfaces of the sphere and being collected thereby. The instrumental specular radiation energy reflections include those from the lens, per se, and those from instrumentation disposed without the integrating sphere.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于辐射能量积分球的辐射能量出口的透镜，并且其功能是防止仪器镜面辐射能量反射撞击球体的内壁表面并由此收集。 仪器镜面辐射能量反射包括来自透镜本身的那些，以及来自没有积分球的仪器的反射。

公开(公告)号：US4083638A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-11

申请号：US739902

申请日：1976-11-08

申请人： Harold E. Sandrock ,  Morris W. Leen ,  Edward W. Stark

发明人： Harold E. Sandrock ,  Morris W. Leen ,  Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G01N33/48 ,  B01F13/00 ,  B01F15/02 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N35/04 ,  G01N1/10

CPC分类号： G01N21/03 ,  B01F13/002 ,  B01F15/0205 ,  B01F15/0212 ,  B01F15/0226 ,  B01F15/026 ,  B01F13/0059 ,  G01N2021/0346 ,  G01N2035/0436

摘要： A multichamber cuvette for maintaining in independent and separate condition at least two reactants until such time that it is desired to mix them for reaction with each other and a reactant liquid sample for analysis in the cuvette. There is provided a cuvette body of a suitable plastic defining at least two chambers interconnected by a passageway of relatively small cross section having at least the end portions thereof of capillary size to prevent under many circumstances, as by surface tension, accidental mixture of liquid reactants in the chambers. If there is a substantial head of liquid in one chamber and/or a risk of impact of the cuvette with an external foreign object, sufficient to break such surface tension, an air lock in the passageway when the latter is below the liquid levels in the chambers prevents such accidental mixture. A baffle in the passageway enhances separation of liquids and/or solid substances in the chambers. The chambers are open-topped, and a unitary probe-wiping multi-ply laminated cover of a type puncturable by a probe extends over the chambers closing them from the external environment. The laminated cover tends to be self-closing with reference to such punctures. One ply is of metal foil to act as a vapor seal and has an undercoating of a heat sealable material compatible with the body material and sealed thereto. The top ply is of a moisture-absorbent material which is secured to the foil ply by an intermediate plastic ply.

摘要翻译： 一种多室试管，用于在独立和分离的条件下维持至少两种反应物，直到需要将它们混合以进行反应以及在反应杯中分析的反应物液体样品。 提供了一种合适塑料的试管体，其限定了至少两个腔室，通过相对较小横截面的通道相互连接，至少具有毛细管尺寸的端部，以防止在许多情况下，如表面张力，液体反应物的意外混合 在房间里 如果在一个室中存在大量液体，和/或存在具有外部异物的比色皿冲击的风险，足以破坏该表面张力，则在通道中的气密度低于通道中的液位时 室防止这种意外混合。 通道中的挡板增强了腔室中液体和/或固体物质的分离。 这些室是敞开式的，并且由探针穿刺的类型的单层探针擦拭多层叠层盖在从外部环境封闭它们的室上延伸。 参考这种穿孔，层压罩倾向于自闭。 一层是金属箔，用作蒸汽密封，并具有与主体材料相容并且密封在其上的可热封材料的底涂层。 顶层是通过中间塑料层固定到箔层的吸湿材料。

公开(公告)号：US5568400A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-22

申请号：US572534

申请日：1990-08-28

申请人： Edward W. Stark ,  Harald Martens

发明人： Edward W. Stark ,  Harald Martens

IPC分类号： G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G06T5/00 ,  G06F17/00 ,  G06F159/00

CPC分类号： G01J3/28 ,  G01J2003/1828 ,  G01N2201/129

摘要： An improved method and apparatus are disclosed for processing spectral data to remove undesired variations in such data and to remove interfering information present in the data. The method land apparatus corrects multiplicative effects present in the spectral data. Additive and interferent contributions can be corrected as well. In one aspect of the method, coefficients for a selected appropriate model are applied to the input spectral data based on first and second reference spectra. The spectral data are then corrected based on the estimated coefficients at least as to multiplicative errors for producing a linear additive structure for use in calibration, validation and determination by linear multivariate analysis. The method and apparatus will improve the accuracy of spectral data structures derived from measurements Using spectroscopy, chromatography, thermal analysis, mechanical vibration and acoustic analysis, rheology, electrophoresis, image analysis and other analytical technologies producing data of similar multivariate nature.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法和装置，用于处理光谱数据以消除这种数据中的不期望的变化并且去除数据中存在的干扰信息。 方法陆地装置校正光谱数据中存在的乘法效应。 添加剂和干扰素也可以被修正。 在该方法的一个方面，基于第一和第二参考光谱，将所选适当模型的系数应用于输入光谱数据。 然后基于估计的系数校正光谱数据，至少关于用于产生用于通过线性多变量分析的校准，验证和确定的线性添加结构的乘法误差。 该方法和设备将提高从测量得到的光谱数据结构的精度使用光谱，色谱，热分析，机械振动和声学分析，流变学，电泳，图像分析和其他产生类似多变量性质的数据的分析技术。

公开(公告)号：US4227810A

公开(公告)日：1980-10-14

申请号：US872404

申请日：1978-01-26

申请人： Harold E. Sandrock ,  Morris W. Leen ,  Edward W. Stark

发明人： Harold E. Sandrock ,  Morris W. Leen ,  Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G01N21/03 ,  G01N1/10

CPC分类号： G01N21/03 ,  G01N2021/0346

摘要： A multichamber cuvette for maintaining in independent and separate condition at least two reactants until such time that it is desired to mix them for reaction with each other and a reactant liquid sample while in the cuvette for analysis in the cuvette, and a method of use of such cuvette. There is provided a cuvette body of a suitable plastic defining at least two chambers interconnected by a passageway of relatively small cross section having at least the end portion thereof of capillary size to prevent under many circumstances, as by surface tension, accidental mixture of liquid reactants in the chambers. If there is a substantial head of liquid in one chamber and/or a risk of impact of the cuvette with an external foreign object, sufficient to break such surface tension, an air lock in the passageway when the latter is below the liquid levels in the chambers prevents such accidental mixture. A baffle in the passageway enhances separation of liquids and/or solid substances in the chambers. The chambers are open-topped, and a unitary probe-wiping multi-ply laminated cover of a type puncturable by a probe extends over the chambers closing them from the external environment. The laminated cover tends to be self-closing with reference to such punctures. One ply is of metal foil to act as a vapor seal and has an undercoating of a heat sealable material compatible with the body material and sealed thereto. The top ply is of a moisture-absorbent material which is secured to the foil ply by an intermediate plastic ply.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在独立和分离的条件下保持至少两种反应物的多室试管，直到需要将其混合以进行反应以及在反应液中的反应液样品，同时在比色皿中进行分析，以及使用方法 这样的比色杯。 提供了一种合适的塑料的比色杯体，其定义了至少两个腔室，通过相对较小横截面的通道相互连接，至少具有毛细管尺寸的端部，以防止在许多情况下，如表面张力，液体反应物的意外混合 在房间里 如果在一个室中存在大量液体，和/或存在具有外部异物的比色皿冲击的风险，足以破坏该表面张力，则在通道中的气密度低于通道中的液位时 室防止这种意外混合。 通道中的挡板增强了腔室中液体和/或固体物质的分离。 这些室是敞开式的，并且由探针穿刺的类型的单层探针擦拭多层叠层盖在从外部环境封闭它们的室上延伸。 参考这种穿孔，层压罩倾向于自闭。 一层是金属箔，用作蒸汽密封，并具有与主体材料相容并且密封在其上的可热封材料的底涂层。 顶层是通过中间塑料层固定到箔层的吸湿材料。

公开(公告)号：US5433197A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-18

申请号：US940691

申请日：1992-09-04

申请人： Edward W. Stark

发明人： Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： A61B5/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532

摘要： A glucose sensor to provide a non-invasive means of determining blood glucose which is of particular value in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. The patient's eye is illuminated with near-infrared radiation which passes into the eye through the cornea and the aqueous humor, is reflected from the iris and/or lens surface, and then passes out through the aqueous humor and cornea. The reflected radiation is collected and detected by a near-infrared sensor which measures the reflected energy in one or more wavelength bands. Comparison of the reflected energy with the source energy provides a measure of the spectral absorption by the eye which is characteristic of the composition of the cornea, the aqueous humor, and the other structures within the eye through which the energy is transmitted or from which it is reflected. In particular, the level of glucose in the aqueous humor is a function of the level of glucose in the blood so that non-invasive determinations of blood glucose may be obtained by suitable calibration relating the measured spectral absorption of the aqueous humor to the measured blood glucose level. To obtain specificity and accuracy, the spectral data at several or many wavelengths may be utilized with a multivariate calibration and prediction process to separate the glucose information from the spectral influences of interfering substances, such as water, which also absorb the near-infrared radiation within the wavelength region utilized for the measurement. The system includes a computer for processing the spectral data and a display for readout of the result.

摘要翻译： 一种葡萄糖传感器，用于提供在糖尿病的诊断和治疗中具有特别价值的非侵入性的测定血糖的方法。 用近红外辐射照射患者的眼睛，眼睛通过角膜和房水进入眼睛，从虹膜和/或镜片表面反射，然后通过房水和角膜。 通过测量一个或多个波长带中的反射能量的近红外传感器收集和检测反射的辐射。 反射能量与源能量的比较提供了眼睛的光谱吸收的度量，其是角膜，房水和眼睛内的其他结构的特征的特征，眼睛内的能量被透射， 被反映。 特别地，房水中的葡萄糖水平是血液中葡萄糖水平的函数，因此可以通过适当的校准将水溶胶的测量光谱吸收与测量的血液相关联来获得非侵入性的血糖测定 葡萄糖水平。 为了获得特异性和准确性，可以利用多变量校准和预测过程来利用多个或多个波长的光谱数据，以将葡萄糖信息与干扰物质（例如水）的光谱影响分离，所述干扰物质也吸收其内部的近红外辐射 用于测量的波长区域。 该系统包括用于处理光谱数据的计算机和用于读出结果的显示器。

公开(公告)号：US5379238A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-03

申请号：US923029

申请日：1992-07-30

申请人： Edward W. Stark

发明人： Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G06F17/00 ,  G06F17/10 ,  A61B5/00 ,  G06G7/48 ,  G06F15/42

CPC分类号： G06F17/10 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01J2003/2843 ,  G01N2201/1215

摘要： A method and apparatus for the determination of spectral samples is disclosed wherein spectral measurements are taken, normalization of the spectral measurements takes place, and a bilinear modeling is performed to extract spectral data. Once this data is derived, the interference quantitization levels are determined using multiple linear regression analysis, and are then removed from the sample readings in order to determine a more precise level of analyte spectra, such as analyte levels of glucose in serum or whole blood.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于确定光谱样本的方法和装置，其中进行光谱测量，进行光谱测量的归一化，并且执行双线性建模以提取光谱数据。 一旦得到这些数据，就可以使用多重线性回归分析来确定干扰量化水平，然后从样本读数中去除干扰量化水平，以便确定更精确的分析物光谱水平，如血清或全血中葡萄糖的分析物水平。

公开(公告)号：US4161034A

公开(公告)日：1979-07-10

申请号：US243163

申请日：1962-12-07

申请人： Edward W. Stark

发明人： Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G06E3/00 ,  G06G7/19

CPC分类号： G06E3/003

摘要： 1. Signal handling apparatus comprising summing means adapted to receive simultaneously signals representing a function taken at one or more different phases of time, means providing simultaneously a plurality of signals representing said function taken at various phases of time, a plurality of multiplying means each of which receives the output signal from said summing means and one of the simultaneously provided function signals, and a plurality of integrating means simultaneously receiving the product output signals from respective multiplying means, whereby peak output signals from said integrating means is indicative of which respective multiplying means receive simultaneously provided signals having the same phases as the phases of the input signals to said summing means.

摘要翻译： 1.一种信号处理装置，包括适于同时接收表示在一个或多个不同时间段所采取的功能的信号的求和装置，意味着同时提供表示在各个时间段所采取的功能的多个信号，多个乘法装置 其接收来自所述求和装置的输出信号和同时提供的功能信号之一，以及多个积分装置，同时从各乘法装置接收乘积输出信号，由此来自所述积分装置的峰值输出信号指示哪个相应的乘法装置 同时接收具有与输入信号的相位相同相位的所提供的信号到所述求和装置。

公开(公告)号：US3975727A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-17

申请号：US484027

申请日：1974-06-28

申请人： Arthur H. Mader ,  Donatas V. Gasiunas ,  Edward W. Stark

发明人： Arthur H. Mader ,  Donatas V. Gasiunas ,  Edward W. Stark

IPC分类号： G01N21/27 ,  G06F7/68 ,  H03M1/00 ,  H03K13/02

CPC分类号： G06F7/68 ,  G01N21/274 ,  H03M1/10 ,  H03M1/52

摘要： New and improved apparatus is provided for the calibration and standardization of the analog output signal level of automated analysis equipment, which level varies as a function of the concentration of the constituent being analyzed. Such apparatus comprises an A/D converter including a dual-slope integrator for translating the output signal level to a time interval which varies as a function of the constituent. Such apparatus further includes means for generating the inverse function of the analytical function, which is applied to linearize and scale the output signal level and to convert such level directly to digital form. Also, provision is made for the calibration and standardization, on an individual basis, of each of a plurality of analytical channels in a multi-channel system.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的和改进的装置，用于自动分析设备的模拟输出信号电平的校准和标准化，其水平随着正在分析的成分的浓度而变化。 这种装置包括一个A / D转换器，该A / D转换器包括一个双斜率积分器，用于将输出信号电平转换成根据组成部分变化的时间间隔。 这种装置还包括用于产生分析函数的反函数的装置，其被应用于线性化和缩放输出信号电平并将这种电平直接转换成数字形式。 此外，还提供了在多通道系统中的多个分析通道中的每一个的单独校准和标准化。