Methods of protecting concrete from freeze damage
    1.
    发明授权
    Methods of protecting concrete from freeze damage 失效
    保护混凝土免受冻伤的方法

    公开(公告)号:US06485560B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-11-26

    申请号:US09562213

    申请日:2000-04-28

    IPC分类号: C04B1608

    摘要: A method of protecting a cementitious mixture from freeze damage is provided. The method consists of incorporating an entrainment air composition into the cementitious mixture to form air voids in the concrete, and further adding an effective agent for nucleating ice, preferably, in the air voids, such that upon the freezing of concrete formed from the cementitious mixture, ice is nucleated in the air voids. In one embodiment, the air entrainment composition includes ceramic shells, which could be impregnated with an agent for nucleating ice such as metaldehyde.

    摘要翻译: 提供了一种保护水泥混合物免受冻伤的方法。 该方法包括将夹带空气组合物掺入水泥混合物中以在混凝土中形成空气空隙,并且进一步添加有效成核剂,优选在空气空隙中,使得在由水泥混合物形成的混凝土冷冻时 冰在空气中成核。 在一个实施方案中,空气夹带组合物包括陶瓷壳,其可以用用于成核冰的试剂例如金属醛浸渍。

    Gradient index optical waveguide and method of making
    2.
    发明授权
    Gradient index optical waveguide and method of making 失效
    梯度折射率光波导及其制作方法

    公开(公告)号:US4358181A

    公开(公告)日:1982-11-09

    申请号:US171958

    申请日:1980-07-24

    摘要: In the method of making a preform for a high numerical aperture gradient index optical waveguide, the concentration of two dopant constituents is changed during fabrication. Concentration of the first dopant, GeO.sub.2, is changed radially as the preform is built up in order to produce the desired radial refractive index gradient. The concentration of the second dopant, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, is changed radially to compensate for the radial change in thermal expansion coefficient caused by the varying GeO.sub.2 concentration. B.sub.2 O.sub.3 is added to the cladding layer to make the thermal expansion coefficient of the cladding equal to or greater than the composite thermal expansion coefficient of the core. The magnitude of residual tension at the inner surface caused by thermal expansion gradients is reduced and premature cracking of the preform is eliminated.

    摘要翻译: 在制造用于高数值孔径梯度折射率光波导的预成型件的方法中,两种掺杂剂组分的浓度在制造期间改变。 第一掺杂剂GeO 2的浓度随着预成型体的积累而径向变化,以产生所需的径向折射率梯度。 第二掺杂剂B 2 O 3的浓度径向地改变以补偿由变化的GeO 2浓度引起的热膨胀系数的径向变化。 将B 2 O 3添加到包覆层中以使包层的热膨胀系数等于或大于芯的复合热膨胀系数。 由热膨胀梯度引起的内表面的残余张力的大小减少,并且预制件的过早开裂被消除。

    Method for drawing high-bandwidth optical waveguides
    3.
    发明授权
    Method for drawing high-bandwidth optical waveguides 失效
    绘制高带宽光波导的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4248614A

    公开(公告)日:1981-02-03

    申请号:US115566

    申请日:1980-01-28

    申请人: George W. Scherer

    发明人: George W. Scherer

    摘要: In a method for directly drawing a glass optical waveguide or waveguide blank from two or more reservoirs of molten glass wherein a relatively high refractive index glass core member is clad with a relatively low refractive index glass cladding, control over the refractive index variations occurring due to the migration of dopants between the core and cladding is obtained by providing one or more glass diffusion layers between the core and cladding.

    摘要翻译: 在用两个或更多个熔融玻璃储存器直接拉制玻璃光波导或波导坯料的方法中,其中相对较高折射率的玻璃芯部件用相对低折射率的玻璃包层包覆,控制由于 通过在芯和包层之间提供一个或多个玻璃扩散层来获得芯和包层之间的掺杂剂的迁移。

    Carbon coating for a starting member used in producing optical waveguides
    4.
    发明授权
    Carbon coating for a starting member used in producing optical waveguides 失效
    用于制造光波导的起始构件的碳涂层

    公开(公告)号:US4233052A

    公开(公告)日:1980-11-11

    申请号:US30353

    申请日:1979-04-16

    IPC分类号: C03B37/014 C23C13/08

    CPC分类号: C03B37/01493 C03B2203/26

    摘要: In making a preform for an optical waveguide, the bait rod is coated with carbon. After the preform is built up on the bait rod, it is easily removed. The carbon coating produces a smooth improved inner surface in the preform, thereby eliminating flaws which otherwise may be present when the preform is drawn into a waveguide.

    摘要翻译: 在制造用于光波导的预成型件时,诱饵棒涂覆有碳。 在饵棒上建成预制件后,很容易取出。 碳涂层在预成型件中产生光滑改进的内表面,从而消除当预制件被拉入波导时可能存在的缺陷。

    Article dispenser apparatus for use in an automated chemical analyzer
    6.
    发明授权
    Article dispenser apparatus for use in an automated chemical analyzer 失效
    用于自动化学分析仪的物品分配器

    公开(公告)号:US4151931A

    公开(公告)日:1979-05-01

    申请号:US912290

    申请日:1978-06-05

    摘要: A container is disclosed for receiving a stack of articles to be sequentially removed from a dispensing station of the container. A stack positioning element in the container has an anti-backup member including a pair of pawls resiliently urged into engagement with cooperating ratchet teeth on opposed inner wall surfaces of the container to inhibit movement of received articles away from the container's dispensing station. The container is adapted to receive a plunger which provides the required force to sequentially move the stack positioning element and article stack toward the dispensing station as articles are removed therefrom. The element is configured so that pressure from the plunger causes a reduction in the force of engagement of the pawls with the ratchet teeth in order to minimize the force required of the plunger to move the element and article stack toward the dispensing station.

    摘要翻译: {PG,1]公开了一种用于接收从容器的分配站顺序地取出的物品堆的容器。 容器中的堆叠定位元件具有防抱构件,其包括一对棘爪,其弹性地推动成与容器的相对的内壁表面上的配合的棘轮啮合,以阻止接收的物品从容器(3)的分配站移动。 容器适于容纳柱塞,该柱塞提供所需的力,以随着物品从其移除而将堆叠定位元件和物品堆叠顺序地移动到分配站。 元件被构造成使得来自柱塞的压力导致棘爪与棘轮齿的接合力的减小,以便最小化柱塞将元件和物品堆叠朝向分配站移动所需的力。

    Method for making glass or ceramic article
    8.
    发明授权
    Method for making glass or ceramic article 失效
    制造玻璃或陶瓷制品的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4561872A

    公开(公告)日:1985-12-31

    申请号:US663161

    申请日:1984-10-22

    摘要: In the process of making a glass or ceramic article by the preparation of a non-aqueous oxide suspension of submicron oxide particles which is thereafter cast into a configuration for the product, gelled, dried, and fired to provide the unitary product, the need to thermally dry and/or protect the oxides from water contamination is avoided by treating the oxide with an alcohol to render it hydrophobic. The desirable gelling and drying characteristics of the suspensions are preserved.

    摘要翻译: 在制备玻璃或陶瓷制品的过程中,通过制备亚微米氧化物颗粒的非水氧化物悬浮液,然后将其投入产品的构型中,凝胶化,干燥和烧制以提供单一产品,需要 通过用醇处理氧化物使其疏水而避免热干燥和/或保护氧化物免受水污染。 保留悬浮液所需的胶凝和干燥特性。

    Method for making metal halide optical fiber
    10.
    发明授权
    Method for making metal halide optical fiber 失效
    制造金属卤化物光纤的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4610708A

    公开(公告)日:1986-09-09

    申请号:US747769

    申请日:1985-06-24

    IPC分类号: C03B37/018 C03B37/027

    摘要: In the manufacture of preforms for metal halide optical fibers by the vapor deposition of metal halide layers on the inside surface of a silicate glass substrate tube, silicon release from the tube side wall by fluorine-containing reactants used in the vapor deposition process is reduced by the preliminary application of a slurry coating of a sinterable, fluorine-resistant metal halide or other glass composition which is dried and sintered to a passivation layer.

    摘要翻译: 在通过在硅酸盐玻璃基板管的内表面上气相沉积金属卤化物层来制造金属卤化物光纤预成型件时,通过在气相沉积工艺中使用的含氟反应物从管侧壁释放的硅被减少 将可烧结的耐氟金属卤化物或其它玻璃组合物的浆料涂料预先施加到干燥和烧结到钝化层上。