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公开(公告)号：US20160070125A1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-10
申请号：US14845941
申请日：2015-09-04
IPC分类号： G02F1/13 , G02F1/13363 , G02F1/1337 , H04N5/33 , G01J5/08 , H04N5/374 , H04N5/378 , G02F1/1339 , G02F1/1341 , G02F1/1335 , H04N5/372
CPC分类号： G02F1/132 , G01J5/58 , G02F1/1337 , G02F2001/133638 , G02F2203/11 , H04N5/33
摘要： The high-pixel-count uncooled thermal imaging arrays disclosed herein have liquid crystal (LC) microcavity transducers separate from the read-out integrated circuit (ROIC). The transducer converts incident infrared (IR) radiation in birefringence changes that can be measured with visible light. In other words, the system uses the temperature sensitivity of the LC birefringence to convert the IR scene to a visible image. Measurements on sample arrays indicate that the LC material quality is similar to that of bulk samples and has good noise performance. Additionally, high-fill-factor arrays on fused-silica substrates may be processed to enable optimization of conditions for greatly improved temperature sensitivity. An additional IR absorber layer may be integrated into the process to tune the structure for the infrared.
摘要翻译： 本文公开的高像素数未冷却的热成像阵列具有与读出的集成电路（ROIC）分离的液晶（LC）微腔换能器。 传感器将入射红外（IR）辐射转换成可用可见光测量的双折射变化。 换句话说，该系统使用LC双折射的温度敏感度将IR场景转换成可见图像。 样品阵列上的测量表明，LC材料质量与散装样品相似，具有良好的噪声性能。 另外，可以处理熔融二氧化硅衬底上的高填充因子阵列，以实现极大改善的温度敏感性的条件的优化。 可以在该过程中集成另外的IR吸收层以调谐红外线的结构。
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公开(公告)号：US06235067B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US08933787
申请日：1997-09-19
IPC分类号： B01J1300
摘要： The invention provides a scheme for combusting a hydrocarbon fuel to generate and extract enhanced translational energy. In the scheme, hydrocarbon fuel is nanopartitioned into nanometric fuel regions each having a diameter less than about 1000 angstroms; and either before or after the nanopartitioning, the fuel is introduced into a combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber, a shock wave excitation of at least about 50,000 psi and with an excitation rise time of less than about 100 nanoseconds is applied to the fuel. A fuel partitioned into such nanometric quantum confinement regions enables a quantum mechanical condition in which translational energy modes of the fuel are amplified, whereby the average energy of the translational energy mode levels is higher than it would be for a macro-sized, unpartitioned fuel. Combustion of such a nanopartitioned fuel provides enhanced translational energy extraction by way of, e.g., a reciprocating piston because only the translational energy mode of combustion products appreciably contributes to momentum exchange with the piston. The shock wave excitation provided by the invention, as applied to combustion of any fuel, and preferably to a nanopartitioned fuel, enhances translational energy extraction and exchange during combustion by enhancing translational energy mode amplification in the fuel and by enhancing transfer of an appreciable amount of energy from that translational mode to the piston before the combusted fuel re-equilibrates the translational energy into other energy modes.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于燃烧碳氢化合物燃料以产生和提取增强的平移能量的方案。 在该方案中，碳氢化合物燃料被纳米级纳入每个直径小于约1000埃的纳米燃料区域; 并且在纳米颗粒之前或之后，将燃料引入燃烧室。 在燃烧室中，至少约50,000psi的冲击波激发和小于约100纳秒的激发上升时间被施加到燃料。 分配到这种纳米量子限制区域中的燃料使得能够扩大燃料的平移能量模式的量子力学条件，由此平移能量模式水平的平均能量高于对于大型未分配燃料的平均能量。 这种纳米颗粒燃料的燃烧通过例如往复活塞提供增强的平移能量提取，因为只有燃烧产物的平移能量模式明显有助于与活塞的动量交换。 本发明提供的冲击波激发，适用于任何燃料的燃烧，优选应用于纳米颗粒的燃料，通过增加燃料中的平移能量模式扩增，并通过增强转移可观量的燃料来增强燃烧过程中的平移能量提取和交换 在燃烧的燃料将平移能量重新平衡到其他能量模式之前，从该平移模式到活塞的能量。
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公开(公告)号：US06049090A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US797063
申请日：1997-02-10
申请人： Harry R. Clark, Jr.
发明人： Harry R. Clark, Jr.
CPC分类号： H01L51/5012 , B82Y20/00 , B82Y30/00
摘要： An electroluminescent display device having a semiconductor host matrix which is characterized by a conduction band energy level, a valence band energy level, and a bandgap energy corresponding to an energy difference between a minima of the conduction band and a maxima of the valence band energy levels. Semiconductor particles are disposed in the semiconductor host matrix, and at least a portion of these semiconductor particles are characterized by a conduction band energy level that is less than that of the host matrix. These semiconductor particles are further characterized by a valence band energy level and a bandgap energy, corresponding to an energy difference between a minima of the conduction band and a maxima of the valence band energy levels of the particles, that is less than the bandgap energy of the semiconductor host matrix. There is included in the display configuration a mechanism for providing electrons and holes at locations of the semiconductor particles, by way of conduction through the semiconductor host matrix, for recombination at the particle locations, between the conduction band minima and the valence band maxima of the particles, to produce luminescent radiation. With a semiconductor host matrix that enables conduction of holes and electrons freely through it, the electroluminescent display of the invention overcomes the severe quantum efficiency limitations imposed by conventional luminescent display configurations.
摘要翻译： 具有半导体主体矩阵的电致发光显示装置，其特征在于导带能级，价带能级和对应于导带的最小值与价带能量级的最大值之间的能量差的带隙能量 。 半导体颗粒设置在半导体主体基质中，并且这些半导体颗粒的至少一部分的特征在于小于主体基质的导带能级。 这些半导体颗粒的进一步特征在于价带能级和带隙能量，其对应于导带的最小值与颗粒的价带能级的最大值之间的能量差，小于带隙能级 半导体主机矩阵。 在显示器配置中包括一种用于在半导体颗粒的位置处提供电子和空穴的机制，通过半导体主体基质的传导，在颗粒位置的重组，导带最小值和 颗粒，以产生发光辐射。 利用能够通过空穴和电子自由传导的半导体主体矩阵，本发明的电致发光显示器克服了常规发光显示结构所施加的严重的量子效率限制。
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公开(公告)号：US5674632A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-07
申请号：US331014
申请日：1994-10-28
CPC分类号： H05H1/00 , F02B51/06 , G21B3/002 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/126 , Y10T428/12472 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/12875 , Y10T428/12944
摘要： For a condensed matter system containing a guest interstitial species such as hydrogen or its isotopes dissolved in the condensed matter host lattice, the invention provides tuning of the molecular orbital degeneracy of the host lattice to enhance the anharmonicity of the dissolved guest sublattice to achieve a large anharmonic displacement amplitude and a correspondingly small distance of closest approach of the guest nuclei. The tuned electron molecular orbital topology of the host lattice creates an energy state giving rise to degenerate sublattice orbitals related to the second nearest neighbors of the guest bonding orbitals. Thus, it is the nuclei of the guest sublattice that are set in anharmonic motion as a result of the orbital topology. This promotion of second nearest neighbor bonding between sublattice nuclei leads to enhanced interaction between nuclei of the sublattice. In the invention, a method for producing dynamic anharmonic oscillations of a condensed matter guest species dissolved in a condensed matter host lattice is provided. Host lattice surfaces are treated to provide surface features on at least a portion of the host lattice surfaces; the features have a radius of curvature less than 0.5 microns. Upon dissolution of the guest species in the treated host lattice in a ratio of at least 0.5, the guest species undergoes the dynamic anharmonic oscillations.
摘要翻译： 对于包含溶解在浓缩物质主晶格中的诸如氢或其同位素的客体间质物质的凝聚物体系，本发明提供了主晶格的分子轨道简并性的调谐，以增强溶解的客体亚晶格的非调和性，以实现大的 非调谐位移振幅和相对较小的客机核心距离最接近。 主晶格的调谐电子分子轨道拓扑形成能量状态，产生与客体键合轨道的第二最近邻近相关的退化亚晶格轨道。 因此，作为轨道拓扑的结果，客体子格子的核心被设置为非调谐运动。 这种对亚晶格核之间的第二近邻键合的促进导致子晶格的核之间增强的相互作用。 在本发明中，提供了一种用于产生溶解在凝聚物宿主晶格中的冷凝物质物质的动态非调谐振荡的方法。 处理主晶格表面以在主晶格表面的至少一部分上提供表面特征; 这些特征具有小于0.5微米的曲率半径。 在客体物质以至少为0.5的比例溶解处理的主体晶格时，客体物质经历动态非谐振荡。
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公开(公告)号：US20120188474A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-26
申请号：US13192523
申请日：2011-07-28
申请人： Robert K. Reich , Harry R. Clark
发明人： Robert K. Reich , Harry R. Clark
IPC分类号： G02F1/13357
CPC分类号： H04N5/33 , G01J5/58 , G01J2005/0077 , G02F1/132
摘要： The imager includes a lens for focusing infrared light forming a thermal image onto a liquid crystal array thereby changing the temperature of the liquid crystals to alter a physical property of the liquid crystals. A source of visible polarized light is arranged to illuminate the liquid crystal array so that the polarization of light reflected from the liquid crystal array varies with changes in temperature of the liquid crystals. A cross polarizer receives and transmits therethrough the light reflected from the liquid crystal array, the cross polarizer adapted to change the intensity of the light. An imager receives and detects the change in intensity of the light from the cross polarizer so that the thermal image is recreated as an electronic signal. In a preferred embodiment, the physical property is index of refraction and the liquid crystal array includes birefringent nematic liquid crystals.
摘要翻译： 成像器包括用于将形成热图像的红外光聚焦到液晶阵列上的透镜，从而改变液晶的温度以改变液晶的物理性质。 可见偏振光源被布置成照亮液晶阵列，使得从液晶阵列反射的光的偏振随着液晶的温度变化而变化。 交叉偏振器从其中接收并透射从液晶阵列反射的光，交叉偏振器适于改变光的强度。 成像器接收并检测来自交叉偏振器的光的强度变化，使得热图像被重新创建为电子信号。 在优选实施例中，物理性质是折射率，液晶阵列包括双折射向列型液晶。
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公开(公告)号：US5770036A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US642127
申请日：1996-05-02
CPC分类号： H05H1/00 , F02B51/06 , G21B3/002 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/126 , Y10T428/12472 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/12875 , Y10T428/12944
摘要： For a condensed matter system containing a guest interstitial species such as hydrogen or its isotopes dissolved in the condensed matter host lattice, the invention provides tuning of the molecular orbital degeneracy of the host lattice to enhance the anharmonicity of the dissolved guest sublattice to achieve a large anharmonic displacement amplitude and a correspondingly small distance of closest approach of the guest nuclei. The tuned electron molecular orbital topology of the host lattice creates an energy state giving rise to degenerate sublattice orbitals related to the second nearest neighbors of the guest bonding orbitals. Thus, it is the nuclei of the guest sublattice that are set in anharmonic motion as a result of the orbital topology. This promotion of second nearest neighbor bonding between sublattice nuclei leads to enhanced interaction between nuclei of the sublattice. In the invention, a method for producing dynamic anharmonic oscillations of a condensed matter guest species dissolved in a condensed matter host lattice is provided. Host lattice surfaces are treated to provide surface features on at least a portion of the host lattice surfaces; the features have a radius of curvature less than 0.5 microns. Upon dissolution of the guest species in the treated host lattice in a ratio of at least 0.5, the guest species undergoes the dynamic anharmonic oscillations.
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公开(公告)号：US20160109760A1
公开(公告)日：2016-04-21
申请号：US14845924
申请日：2015-09-04
申请人： Valerie A. Finnemeyer , Robert K. Reich , Harry R. Clark , Carl O. Bozler , Shaun R. Berry , Philip J. Bos , Douglas R. Bryant
发明人： Valerie A. Finnemeyer , Robert K. Reich , Harry R. Clark , Carl O. Bozler , Shaun R. Berry , Philip J. Bos , Douglas R. Bryant
IPC分类号： G02F1/1337 , G02F1/1333
CPC分类号： G02F1/133711 , C09K19/56 , G02F1/133377 , G02F1/133788 , G02F2001/133726 , G02F2202/043
摘要： Liquid crystal photonic devices and microcavities filled with liquid crystal materials are becoming increasingly popular. These devices often present a challenge when it comes to creating a robust alignment layer in pre-assembled cells. Previous research on photo-definable alignment layers has shown that they have limited stability, particularly against subsequent light exposure. A method of infusing a dye into a microcavity to produce an effective photo-definable alignment layer is described, along with a method of utilizing a pre-polymer infused into the microcavity mixed with the liquid crystal to provide photostability. In this method, the polymer layer, formed under optical irradiation of liquid crystal cells, is effectively localized to a thin region near the substrate surface and thus provides a significant improvement in the photostability of the liquid crystal alignment. This versatile alignment layer method, which can be used in microcavities to displays, offers significant promise for new photonics applications.
摘要翻译： 充满液晶材料的液晶光子器件和微腔变得越来越受欢迎。 当在预组装电池中创建稳健的配向层时，这些器件通常会面临挑战。 以前对光可定义对准层的研究表明，它们具有有限的稳定性，特别是对后续的曝光。 描述了将染料注入微腔以产生有效的光可定义取向层的方法，以及利用注入到与液晶混合的微腔中的预聚物以提供光稳定性的方法。 在该方法中，在液晶单元的光照射下形成的聚合物层有效地定位于基板表面附近的薄区域，从而显着地提高了液晶取向的光稳定性。 这种可用于显微镜的多功能对准层方法为新光子学应用提供了重要的前景。
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公开(公告)号：US5992354A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-30
申请号：US715810
申请日：1996-09-18
摘要： The invention provides a scheme for combusting a hydrocarbon fuel to generate and extract enhanced translational energy. In the scheme, hydrocarbon fuel is nanopartitioned into nanometric fuel regions each having a diameter less than about 1000 angstroms; and either before or after the nanopartitioning, the fuel is introduced into a combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber, a shock wave excitation of at least about 50,000 psi and with an excitation rise time of less than about 100 nanoseconds is applied to the fuel. A fuel partitioned into such nanometric quantum confinement regions enables a quantum mechanical condition in which translational energy modes of the fuel are amplified, whereby the average energy of the translational energy mode levels is higher than it would be for a macro-sized, unpartitioned fuel. Combustion of such a nanopartitioned fuel provides enhanced translational energy extraction by way of, e.g., a reciprocating piston because only the translational energy mode of combustion products appreciably contributes to momentum exchange with the piston. The shock wave excitation provided by the invention, as applied to combustion of any fuel, and preferably to a nanopartitioned fuel, enhances translational energy extraction and exchange during combustion by enhancing translational energy mode amplification in the fuel and by enhancing transfer of an appreciable amount of energy from that translational mode to the piston before the combusted fuel re-equilibrates the translational energy into other energy modes.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于燃烧碳氢化合物燃料以产生和提取增强的平移能量的方案。 在该方案中，碳氢化合物燃料被纳米级纳入每个直径小于约1000埃的纳米燃料区域; 并且在纳米颗粒之前或之后，将燃料引入燃烧室。 在燃烧室中，至少约50,000psi的冲击波激发和小于约100纳秒的激发上升时间被施加到燃料。 分配到这种纳米量子限制区域中的燃料使得能够扩大燃料的平移能量模式的量子力学条件，由此平移能量模式水平的平均能量高于对于大型未分配燃料的平均能量。 这种纳米颗粒燃料的燃烧通过例如往复活塞提供增强的平移能量提取，因为只有燃烧产物的平移能量模式明显有助于与活塞的动量交换。 本发明提供的冲击波激发，适用于任何燃料的燃烧，优选应用于纳米颗粒的燃料，通过增加燃料中的平移能量模式扩增，并通过增强转移可观量的燃料来增强燃烧过程中的平移能量提取和交换 在燃烧的燃料将平移能量重新平衡到其他能量模式之前，从该平移模式到活塞的能量。
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公开(公告)号：US5387331A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-07
申请号：US246899
申请日：1994-05-19
CPC分类号： B23H7/02 , B23D57/0069
摘要： A wafer cutting device has a plurality of individually highly tensioned diamond impregnated wires that are mounted in a translatable head. Each wire has a tension monitor connected thereto for the purpose of insuring uniform tension and also alerting to breakage. Further, a differential DC voltage is applied to the wires and the crystal with the assistance of electrolytes to improve the removal of material for minimizing damage to the surfaces. The crystal is mounted on a two dimensional stage. During normal cutting the crystal is moved vertically into the cutting wire. The vertical cutting rate is adjusted due to the configuration of the crystal. At the end of cutting, the crystal is moved laterally so as to place a notch in the wafers for the purpose of removing the wafer in a clean break.
摘要翻译： 晶片切割装置具有多个单独高度张紧的金刚石浸渍线，其安装在可平移的头部中。 为了确保均匀的张力并且还警示破损，每根线都具有连接到其上的张力监视器。 此外，借助于电解质，在导线和晶体上施加差分直流电压，以改善用于最小化表面损伤的材料的去除。 该晶体安装在二维平台上。 在正常切割期间，晶体垂直移动到切割线中。 由于晶体的结构，垂直切割速度被调整。 在切割结束时，晶体横向移动，以在晶片中放置切口，以便在干净的断裂中移除晶片。
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公开(公告)号：US20180095306A1
公开(公告)日：2018-04-05
申请号：US15812149
申请日：2017-11-14
IPC分类号： G02F1/13 , H04N5/33 , G01J5/58 , G02F1/1337 , G02F1/13363
CPC分类号： G02F1/132 , G01J5/58 , G02F1/1337 , G02F2001/133638 , G02F2203/11 , H04N5/33
摘要： The high-pixel-count uncooled thermal imaging arrays disclosed herein have liquid crystal (LC) microcavity transducers separate from the read-out integrated circuit (ROIC). The transducer converts incident infrared (IR) radiation in birefringence changes that can be measured with visible light. In other words, the system uses the temperature sensitivity of the LC birefringence to convert the IR scene to a visible image. Measurements on sample arrays indicate that the LC material quality is similar to that of bulk samples and has good noise performance. Additionally, high-fill-factor arrays on fused-silica substrates may be processed to enable optimization of conditions for greatly improved temperature sensitivity. An additional IR absorber layer may be integrated into the process to tune the structure for the infrared.
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