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    Systems and methods of forming particles
    5.
    发明申请
    Systems and methods of forming particles 审中-公开
    形成颗粒的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20070054119A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-03-08

    申请号：US11368263

    申请日：2006-03-03

    Applicant: Piotr Garstecki ,  Douglas Weibel ,  Irina Gitlin ,  Shoji Takeuchi ,  Shengqing Xu ,  Zhihong Nie ,  Min Seo ,  Patrick Lewis ,  Eugenia Kumacheva ,  Howard Stone ,  George Whitesides

    Inventor： Piotr Garstecki ,  Douglas Weibel ,  Irina Gitlin ,  Shoji Takeuchi ,  Shengqing Xu ,  Zhihong Nie ,  Min Seo ,  Patrick Lewis ,  Eugenia Kumacheva ,  Howard Stone ,  George Whitesides

    IPC: B32B1/00

    CPC classification number: B01J19/0093 ,  B01F3/0807 ,  B01F13/0062 ,  B01J19/06 ,  B01J2219/00873 ,  B22F1/0007 ,  B22F9/06 ,  Y10T428/2982

    Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods of forming particles and, in certain aspects, to systems and methods of forming particles that are substantially monodisperse. Microfluidic systems and techniques for forming such particles are provided, for instance, particles may be formed using gellation, solidification, and/or chemical reactions such as cross-linking, polymerization, and/or interfacial polymerization reactions. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a plurality of particles having an average dimension of less than about 500 micrometers and a distribution of dimensions such that no more than about 5% of the particles have a dimension greater than about 10% of the average dimension, which can be made via microfluidic systems. In one set of embodiments, at least some of the particles may comprise a metal, and in certain embodiments, at least some of the particles may comprise a magnetizable material. In another set of embodiments, at least some of the particles may be porous. In some embodiments, the invention includes non-spherical particles. Non-spherical particles may be formed, for example, by urging a fluidic droplet into a channel having a smallest dimension that is smaller than the diameter of a perfect mathematical sphere having a volume of the droplet, and solidifying the droplet, and/or by exposing at least a portion of a plurality of particles to an agent able to remove at least a portion of the particles.

    Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及形成颗粒的系统和方法，并且在某些方面涉及形成基本上单分散的颗粒的体系和方法。 提供了用于形成这种颗粒的微流体系统和技术，例如，可以使用凝胶化，固化和/或化学反应如交联，聚合和/或界面聚合反应形成颗粒。 在一个方面，本发明涉及平均尺寸小于约500微米的多个颗粒和尺寸分布，使得不超过约5％的颗粒具有大于所述颗粒的约10％的尺寸 平均尺寸，可以通过微流体系统进行。 在一组实施方案中，至少一些颗粒可以包含金属，并且在某些实施方案中，至少一些颗粒可以包含可磁化材料。 在另一组实施方案中，至少一些颗粒可以是多孔的。 在一些实施方案中，本发明包括非球形颗粒。 非球形颗粒可以例如通过将流体液滴推入具有小于具有液滴体积的完美数学球体的直径的最小尺寸的通道，和/或通过 将多个颗粒的至少一部分暴露于能除去至少一部分颗粒的试剂。

    Stabilizing proteins against denaturation and inactivation by charged detergents using chemical modifications, including modifications that increase net charge
    7.
    发明申请
    Stabilizing proteins against denaturation and inactivation by charged detergents using chemical modifications, including modifications that increase net charge 审中-公开
    通过使用化学修饰，包括增加净电荷的修饰，通过加入的洗涤剂使稳定的蛋白质变性和失活

    公开(公告)号：US20080113421A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-15

    申请号：US11637203

    申请日：2006-12-11

    Applicant: Bryan F. Shaw ,  Katherine L. Gudiksen ,  Irina Gitlin ,  Demetri T. Moustakas ,  George M. Whitesides

    Inventor： Bryan F. Shaw ,  Katherine L. Gudiksen ,  Irina Gitlin ,  Demetri T. Moustakas ,  George M. Whitesides

    IPC: C12N9/96

    CPC classification number: C12N9/96 ,  C11D3/386

    Abstract: The present invention generally relates to enzymes and other proteins resistant to denaturation, and techniques for making and using the same. In one aspect, lysine and/or other charged residues within an enzyme are reacted in some fashion, which can render the enzyme more resistant to denaturation. For example, the lysine residue may be neutralized by acetylating the residue, for instance, by exposure to acetic anhydride. In some aspects, the enzyme, after reaction, may be relatively resistant to degradation when placed in a harsh environment, for example, when exposed to sodium dodecyl sulfate at a concentration of at least about 2.5 mM in Tris-Gly buffer. The enzyme may still be susceptible to denaturation in some cases, but at a much slower rate (e.g., the denaturation time constant may be higher). Other aspects of the invention are directed to enzymes prepared in such fashion, methods of promoting or using such enzymes, kits involving such enzymes, and the like.

    Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及对变性有抗性的酶和其它蛋白质，以及制备和使用它们的技术。 在一个方面，酶内的赖氨酸和/或其他带电残基以某种方式反应，这可使酶对变性更具抗性。 例如，赖氨酸残基可以通过乙酰化残基例如通过暴露于乙酸酐来中和。 在一些方面，当置于恶劣环境中时，例如当暴露于Tris-Gly缓冲液中至少约2.5mM浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠时，反应后的酶可能相对抗降解。 在某些情况下，该酶可能仍然易于变性，但是以较慢的速率（例如，变性时间常数可能更高）。 本发明的其它方面涉及以这种方式制备的酶，促进或使用这些酶的方法，涉及这种酶的试剂盒等。

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