Abstract:
A method of emission spectrochemical analysis is provided which comprises the steps of producing a predetermined number of spark discharges between an electrode and a specimen containing an element in a first and second state. The intensity of emission of light caused by each of the spark discharges is measured and a frequency distribution of the measured intensities of emission is obtained. The distribution is separated into an area of normal distribution and an area outside the area of normal distribution, and an intensity of emission value is selected. The amount of the element in the first state is determined as a function of the selected intensity of emission multiplied by the area of normal distribution and the amount of the element in the second state is determined as a function of the selected intensity of emission multiplied by the area outside the area of normal distribution.
Abstract:
Apparatus for emission spectrochemical analysis wherein the sample to be analyzed is excited by repeated spark discharge to emit light, which is dispersed to produce a spectrum containing emission lines characteristic of the elements in the sample. The intensity or quantity of light of each of the emission lines of the elements to be determined and that of the corresponding one of the emission lines selected as the internal standards for the elements to be determined are measured each time a spark discharge is produced to obtain the ratio of the former intensity or quantity to the latter at each spark discharge, and the ratios resulting from a predetermined number of spark discharges are averaged for each of the elements to be determined. From the average the content of each of the elements is read on a calibration curve.
Abstract:
Apparatus for emission spectrochemical analysis of a sample containing elements to be analyzed, wherein the sample is cyclically excited with relatively high energy to vaporize the sample elements and successively with relatively low energy to cause the vaporized elements to emit light containing spectral lines characteristic of the elements, which spectral lines are detected by a plurality of photomultiplier tubes corresponding to the spectral lines, with a common negative high-voltage source connected to the dynodes of the photomultiplier tubes. The negative high-voltage source is controlled in such a manner that it supplies a negative high voltage to the dynodes of the photomultiplier tubes to activate the tubes only during the low-energy excitation of the sample.
Abstract:
A secondary arc extinction device is disclosed for an electrical power system which includes a bus bar, an electrical power line connected to the bus bar and a protective relay device. A first reactance is provided with each phase so that one terminal of the first reactance is connected to a respective phase of the power line. A transformer which has a primary winding connected between the second terminal of the first reactance and ground is further provided and a second reactance is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. A control device provides for control of the second reactance in response to a signal from the protective relay.
Abstract:
A paper sorting device is incorporated in a recording machine. The paper sorting device includes a first paper tray located near a recording paper exit of the recording machine and a second paper tray located below the first paper tray. A flap is provided as a part of the first paper tray such that it can move to form an opening for passing of the recording paper therethrough. A drive mechanism is also provided for maintaining the flap in position or moving the flap to form the opening. When the flap is maintained in position, the recording paper is ejected onto the first paper tray. When the flap is moved, the recording paper falls onto the second tray through the opening made by the moved flap. Therefore, two kinds of recording paper are separately collected in the two paper trays respectively. The flap may be hinge-linked to the first paper tray so that it can rotate about its hinge upwards and downwards. If the recording machine is an image recording machine having a facsimile function and a copy function, the recording paper as a result of facsimile data reception from a remote facsimile may be ejected onto the first paper tray and the recording paper as a result of copying may be ejected onto the second paper tray.
Abstract:
A plurality of elements in a sample are specified as monitoring elements. Each time at a exciting the sample, the light intensity of the line of the monitoring elements and the measured elements is detected and memorized. From the memorized data, the distribution for the light intensity of the line of each of the monitoring elements is determined. Based on the distribution, the preferred region for the light intensity of the line of each of the monitoring elements is defined. With reference to the memorized data, the light intensity of the line of the measured elements at every exciting in which the light intensity of the line of the monitoring elements is within the preferred region integrated.
Abstract:
Method of forming a catalytic bonding layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) onto carrier structures including internal combustion engine exhaust system and catalytic converter components, in order to bond a catalyst layer thereto, thereby providing a structure wherein additionally the bonding layer can be energized to promote catalytic conversion-activating preheating of the catalyst. In an electromagnetic induction catalytic preheating system, a ceramic lattice or a metallic network can form the base structure of the catalytic converter, wherein at least the latter is encompassed by an electrical/thermal insulating layer; around either induction coiling is wrapped and secured by a thermally insulating material. Upon engine start, current is electromagnetically induced in the catalytic bonding layer or the metallic network through the induction coiling. Furthermore, the specific heat capacity of the bonding layer is low, and its specific resistance can be predetermined; thus in heating quickly and efficiently, in tandem the catalyst is heated. The catalytic preheating is also made efficient by the insulating properties of the insulating layers.
Abstract:
A quantitative analysis of the constituents in a specimen and being classified by the conditions of the constituents in the specimen, using a spectroscopic analysis is made by exciting the specimen a number of times for emission, detecting the light intensity data of the line of the constituent element and the non-constituent element of the specimen per emission, storing the light intensity data of the lines specifying emission which contains the constituent element and the non-constituent element over a predetermined level based on the stored data, and determining that there is present a composition of the constituent element and the non-constituent element at a portion of the specimen corresponding to the specified emission.
Abstract:
An analyzing method of an Inductively-Coupled Radio Frequency Plasma (ICP) apparatus including a switch valve means for switching the flow of a sample which comprises the steps of: first switching the switch valve to the side of a plasma torch only during an ICP analyzing time; first supplying an induction coil a first radio frequency electric power and the plasma torch first volume of gas to cause plasma; analyzing the plasma; second switching the switch valve to an exit side of the sample during the times except for the ICP analyzing time; and second supplying the induction coil a second radio frequency electric power and the plasma torch second volume of gas to keep pilot light plasma, and an apparatus for use in such method; whereby the plasma is maintained at a condition of a pilot light except for analyzing, and a running cost is reduced.
Abstract:
In a liquid-crystal display device of active matrix type, a plurality of column-selecting lines and a plurality of auxiliary capacitance lines are formed on a transparent substrate. A plurality of row-selecting lines and two display-electrode segments are formed on an insulative film formed on the column-selecting and auxiliary capacitance lines and the transparent substrate. Two switching elements each connected to the column-selecting, row-selecting and auxiliary capacitance lines are also formed on the transparent substrate. Two auxiliary capacitors are formed between the display-electrode segments and the auxiliary capacitance line. A strip conductor is formed on the transparent substrate under each pair of display-electrode segments. A common electrode opposes the display-electrode segments with a liquid crystal layer therebetween.