Abstract:
The invention relates to a highly productive process for producing decrystallized cellulose which includes treating a cellulose-containing raw material by means of a mill, wherein the cellulose-containing raw material has a cellulose content of a residue obtained by removing water from the cellulose-containing raw material of 20 mass % or more, has a cellulose I-type crystallinity of cellulose more than 33% as calculated from the following formula (1): Cellulose I-type Crystallinity (%)=[(I22.6−I18.5)/I22.6]×100 (1), wherein I22.6 is a diffraction intensity of a lattice plane (002 plane) as measured at a diffraction angle 2θ of 22.6° in X-ray diffraction analysis; and I18.5 is a diffraction intensity of an amorphous moiety as measured at a diffraction angle 2θ of 18.5° in X-ray diffraction analysis, and has a water content of 1.8 mass % or less, to thereby reduce the cellulose I-type crystallinity to 33% or less.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an asphalt composition comprising an asphalt and antistripping additive comprising at least one of the compound having the formula (I), (II) or (III):[R.sup.1 O--(PO).sub.m (EO).sub.n ].sub.x --P(=O)--(OH).sub.y(I)wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear hydrocarbon radical having 8 to 24 carbon atoms or an alkyl phenyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, PO represents oxypropylene group, EO represents oxyethylene group, each of m and n represents the number of added molecules, m is a number of 1 to 6, n is a number of 0 to 6;[R.sup.2 O--(PO).sub.m (EO).sub.n ].sub.x --P(=O)--(OH).sub.y(II)wherein R.sup.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having a branched methyl group and having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, PO represents oxypropylene group, EO represents oxyethylene group, each of m and n represents the number of added molecules, m is a number of 0 to 6, n is a number of 0 to 6; and[R.sup.3 O--(PO).sub.m (EO).sub.n ].sub.x --P(=O)--(OH).sub.y(III)wherein R.sup.3 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having two or more branched methyl groups or at least one of branched group including 2 or more carbons and having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, PO represents oxypropylene group, EO represents oxyethylene group, each of m and n represents the number of added molecules, m is a number of 0 to 6, n is a number of 0 to 6, each of x and y of the formula (I), (II) or (III) being a number of 1 to 2, the sum total of x and y being 3, R.sup.1,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being saturated or unsaturated.
Abstract:
The efficacy of an agricultural chemical can be enhanced by using an enhancer for agricultural chemicals represented by the following formulas (I) or (II) together with the agricultural chemical: ##STR1## The enhancer for agricultural chemicals according to the present invention can safely be applied to various crops without doing chemical injury thereto.
Abstract:
A production method of a cationized cellulose or a cationized hydroxyalkylcellulose, including step 1 for adding a cationizing agent to cellulose and mechanically decrystallizing the cellulose and step 2 for adding a basic compound to the mixture obtained in step 1 and mechanically decrystallizing the cellulose, or a production method of a cationized cellulose or a cationized hydroxyalkylcellulose, including a step 3 for adding a basic compound to cellulose and mechanically decrystallizing the cellulose and step 4 for adding a cationizing agent to the mixture obtained in step 3 and mechanically decrystallizing the cellulose. The cellulose and the cationizing agent are allowed to react with each other in step 2 or step 4.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for producing a decrystallized cellulose having a reduced cellulose I-type crystallinity from a cellulose-containing raw material in an efficient manner with an excellent productivity. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a decrystallized cellulose from a raw material containing a cellulose having a cellulose I-type crystallinity of more than 33% as calculated from the following formula: Cellulose I-type Crystallinity (%)=[(I22.6−I18.5)/I22.6]×100 wherein I22.6 is a diffraction intensity of a lattice plane (002 plane) as measured at a diffraction angle 2θ of 22.6° in X-ray diffraction analysis; and I18.5 is a diffraction intensity of an amorphous moiety as measured at a diffraction angle 2θ of 18.5° in X-ray diffraction analysis, the process including the step of treating the cellulose-containing raw material using a media-type mill to reduce the cellulose I-type crystallinity of the cellulose to 33% or less, wherein the cellulose-containing raw material has a bulk density of from 100 to 500 kg/m3, and a content of the cellulose in a residue obtained by removing water from the cellulose-containing raw material is 20% by weight or more.
Abstract:
The efficacy of an agricultural chemical can be enhanced by using an enhancer for agricultural chemicals represented by the following formulas (I) or (II) together with the agricultural chemical: ##STR1## The enhancer for agricultural chemicals according to the present invention can safely be applied to various crops without doing chemical injury thereto.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for producing a decrystallized cellulose having a reduced cellulose I-type crystallinity from a cellulose-containing raw material in an efficient manner with an excellent productivity. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a decrystallized cellulose from a raw material comprising at least 20% by weight, based on the weight of the raw material excluding water contained therein, of a cellulose having a cellulose I-type crystallinity of more than 33% as calculated from the following formula: Cellulose I-type Crystallinity (%)=[(I22.6−I18.5)/I22.6]×100 wherein I22.6 is a diffraction intensity of a lattice plane (002 plane) as measured at a diffraction angle 2θ of 22.6° in X-ray diffraction analysis; and I18.5 is a diffraction intensity of an amorphous moiety as measured at a diffraction angle 2θ of 18.5° in X-ray diffraction analysis, the process including the step of treating the cellulose-containing raw material using a media-type mill to reduce the cellulose I-type crystallinity of the cellulose to 33% or less, wherein the cellulose-containing raw material has a bulk density of from 100 to 500 kg/m3.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an additive for asphalt which causes an improvement in anti-stripping effect of asphalt from aggregates, and exhibits the effect quickly. That is, the present invention provides an asphalt-additive composition comprising (A) a specific acidic phosphoric acid compound, and (B) at least one member selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, carboxylic acid having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and triglyceride thereof; with the proviso that the amount of the (B) component is 25-400 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the (A) component.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a liquid amine composition for an emulsifier for bitumen which can impart, to a bituminous emulsion, more excellent emulsifying stability and adhesive properties to aggregates than conventional products. The liquid amine composition for the emulsifier for bitumen of the present invention comprises (1) 5 to 70% by weight a monoamine having an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, (2) 20 to 80% by weight of a polyamine having an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and (3) 10 to 75% by weight of an organic acid of 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
Abstract:
An aqueous liquid agricultural composition which is excellent in liquid stability even when it contains an agricultural chemical at a high concentration comprises (a) a water-soluble agricultural chemical, (b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formula (I) and derivatives thereof, and (c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of salts of compounds represented by the following formula (II) with acids and compounds represented by the following formula (III): ##STR1##