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公开(公告)号：US06309523B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09428455
申请日：1999-10-28
申请人： Albert R. Prasnikar , Richard C. Carlson , Richard J. Coin , Lynne M. Ernes , Catherine M. Lezan
发明人： Albert R. Prasnikar , Richard C. Carlson , Richard J. Coin , Lynne M. Ernes , Catherine M. Lezan
IPC分类号： C25B900
CPC分类号： C02F1/46104 , B01D19/0068 , C02F1/001 , C02F1/4606 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4674 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46142 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2201/4612 , C02F2201/4618 , C02F2209/006 , C02F2301/043 , C02F2303/04 , C25B11/0478 , C25B11/0484
摘要： An electrode is disclosed having a coating on part of the electrode, e.g., a front face, comprising the oxides of tin, antimony, at least one platinum group metal and at least one valve metal. Another part of the electrode, such as a back face, has a coating comprising the oxides of at least one valve metal and at least one platinum group metal. The electrode can be generally plate-shaped and most desirably has at least one chamfered corner. The electrode is particularly useful in a cell wherein brine electrolyte is electrolyzed to prepare a disinfectant solution containing hypochlorite. The disinfectant solution can be especially serviceable, such as in maritime application, for treating water, e.g., freshwater as represented by desalinated water.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电极，其在电极的一部分上具有涂层，例如前表面，其包含锡，锑，至少一种铂族金属和至少一种阀金属的氧化物。 电极的另一部分，例如背面，具有包含至少一种阀金属和至少一种铂族金属的氧化物的涂层。 电极可以是大致板形的，最理想的是具有至少一个倒角。 电极特别适用于电解盐水电解液以制备含有次氯酸盐的消毒剂溶液的电池。 消毒剂溶液可以特别适用于海上应用，例如用脱盐水代表的处理水，例如淡水。
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公开(公告)号：US5972181A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-26
申请号：US106411
申请日：1998-06-29
CPC分类号： C25B9/08 , B01D53/1425 , B01D53/326 , C25B11/03 , C25B11/035 , C25B15/08 , C25C7/02
摘要： An electrode, electrochemical cell, and electrochemical processes are disclosed. The electrode is a porous, multi-layered electrode which can have an element in flexible, strip form wound around a central, usually flat plate core, which core may serve as a current distributor. In any form, each layer can be represented by a very thin, highly flexible metal mesh. This can be a fine, as opposed to a coarse, mesh which has extremely thin strands and small voids. The electrode will have an active coating. For utilizing this electrode, the cell in one form will be a monopolar cell providing upward, parallel electrolyte flow through the porous, multi-layered electrode. A representative cell can have such electrode at least substantially filling an electrode chamber. The cells can be contained in a cell box that will provide the desired flow-through relationship for the electrolyte to the electrode. In cell operation, electrochemical processes which can be carried out include metal ion oxidation or reduction, oxidation of organic substituents, nitrate reduction as well as salt splitting.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电极，电化学电池和电化学方法。 电极是多孔的多层电极，其可以具有缠绕在中心的，通常为平的板芯上的柔性带状的元件，该芯可以用作电流分布器。 以任何形式，每层可以由非常薄的，高度柔性的金属网表示。 这可以是细的，而不是具有极细线和小空隙的粗网。 电极将具有活性涂层。 为了利用该电极，一种形式的电池将是单极电池，其提供通过多孔多层电极的向上平行的电解质流。 代表性的电池可以具有至少基本上填充电极室的这种电极。 细胞可以包含在细胞盒中，其将为电解质提供期望的流通关系。 在电池操作中，可以进行的电化学过程包括金属离子氧化还原，有机取代基的氧化，硝酸盐的还原以及盐分解。
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公开(公告)号：US5366598A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US132975
申请日：1993-10-07
IPC分类号： C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25B11/10 , C25C7/02 , C25D17/10 , C25B1/04 , C25B1/00 , C25B1/16
CPC分类号： C23F1/00 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25C7/02 , C25D17/10 , Y10S29/016 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A metal surface is now described having enhanced adhesion of subsequently applied coatings. The substrate metal of the article, such as a valve metal as represented by titanium, is provided with a highly desirable surface characteristic for subsequent coating application. This can be initiated by selection of a metal of desirable metallurgy and heat history, including prior heat treatment to provide surface grain boundaries which may be most readily etched. In subsequent etching operation, the surface is made to exhibit well defined, three dimensional grains with deep grain boundaries. Subsequently applied coatings, by penetrating into the etched intergranular valleys, are desirably locked onto the metal substrate surface and provide enhanced lifetime even in rugged commercial environments.
摘要翻译： 现在描述了金属表面具有增强的随后涂覆的涂层的粘合性。 制品的基底金属，例如由钛表示的阀金属，具有用于随后的涂布应用的非常期望的表面特性。 这可以通过选择期望的冶金和热历史的金属来开始，包括先前的热处理以提供最容易蚀刻的表面晶界。 在随后的蚀刻操作中，使表面形成具有深度晶界的良好限定的三维晶粒。 随后施加的涂层通过渗透到蚀刻的晶间谷中被期望地锁定在金属基板表面上，并且即使在坚固的商业环境中也提供延长的寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US5989396A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-23
申请号：US53154
申请日：1998-04-01
申请人： Albert R. Prasnikar , Richard C. Carlson , Richard J. Coin , Lynne M. Ernes , Thomas A. Mitchell , Catherine M. Lezan
发明人： Albert R. Prasnikar , Richard C. Carlson , Richard J. Coin , Lynne M. Ernes , Thomas A. Mitchell , Catherine M. Lezan
CPC分类号： C02F1/46104 , B01D19/0068 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4674 , C25B11/0478 , C25B11/0484 , C02F1/001 , C02F1/4606 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46142 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2201/4612 , C02F2201/4618 , C02F2209/006 , C02F2301/043 , C02F2303/04
摘要： An electrode is disclosed having a coating on part of the electrode, e.g., a front face, comprising the oxides of tin, antimony, at least one platinum group metal and at least one valve metal. Another part of the electrode, such as a back face, has a coating comprising the oxides of at least one valve metal and at least one platinum group metal. The electrode can be generally plate-shaped and most desirably has at least one chamfered corner. The electrode is particularly useful in a cell wherein brine electrolyte is electrolyzed to prepare a disinfectant solution containing hypochlorite. The disinfectant solution can be especially serviceable, such as in maritime application, for treating water, e.g., freshwater as represented by desalinated water.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电极，其在电极的一部分上具有涂层，例如前表面，其包含锡，锑，至少一种铂族金属和至少一种阀金属的氧化物。 电极的另一部分，例如背面，具有包含至少一种阀金属和至少一种铂族金属的氧化物的涂层。 电极可以是大致板形的，最理想的是具有至少一个倒角。 电极特别适用于电解盐水电解液以制备含有次氯酸盐的消毒剂溶液的电池。 消毒剂溶液可以特别适用于海上应用，例如用脱盐水代表的处理水，例如淡水。
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公开(公告)号：US5578176A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-26
申请号：US441578
申请日：1995-05-15
IPC分类号： C25B11/10 , C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25B11/06 , C25C7/02 , C25D17/10 , C25D17/12
CPC分类号： C25D17/10 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25C7/02 , Y10T428/12667 , Y10T428/12875 , Y10T428/24521
摘要： A method of preparing electrodes is now described, which electrodes have enhanced adhesion of subsequently applied coatings combined with excellent coating service life. In the method a substrate metal, such as a valve metal as represented by titanium, is provided with a highly desirable rough surface characteristic for subsequent coating application. This can be achieved by various operations including etching and melt spray application of metal or ceramic oxide to ensure a roughened surface morphology. In subsequent operations: a barrier layer is provided on the surface of enhanced morphology. This may be achieved by operations including heating, as well as including thermal decomposition of a layer precursor. Subsequent coatings provide enhanced lifetime even in the most rugged commercial environments.
摘要翻译： 现在描述制备电极的方法，这些电极具有增强的随后涂覆的涂层的粘附性，同时具有优异的涂层使用寿命。 在该方法中，用钛代表的阀门金属等基板金属具有用于后续涂布应用的非常理想的粗糙表面特性。 这可以通过各种操作实现，包括蚀刻和熔体喷涂金属或陶瓷氧化物以确保粗糙化的表面形态。 在随后的操作中：在增强形态的表面上提供阻挡层。 这可以通过包括加热以及包括层前体的热分解的操作来实现。 随后的涂层即使在最坚固的商业环境中也能提供更长的使用寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US5435896A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-25
申请号：US217830
申请日：1994-03-25
IPC分类号： C25B11/10 , C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25B11/06 , C25C7/02 , C25D17/10 , C25D17/12 , C25B9/00
CPC分类号： C25D17/10 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25C7/02 , Y10T428/12667 , Y10T428/12875 , Y10T428/24521
摘要： A metal surface, useful as an electrode in an electrolytic cell, is now described having enhanced adhesion of subsequently applied coatings combined with excellent coating service life. The substrate metal of the electrode, such as a valve metal as represented by titanium, is provided with a highly desirable rough surface characteristic for subsequent coating application. This can be achieved by various operations including etching and melt spray application of metal or ceramic oxide to ensure a roughened surface morphology. Usually in subsequent operations, a barrier layer is provided on the surface of enhanced morphology. This may be achieved by operations including heating, as well as including thermal decomposition of a layer precursor. Subsequent coatings provide enhanced lifetime even in the most rugged commercial environments.
摘要翻译： 现在描述用作电解池中的电极的金属表面，其具有增强的随后涂覆的涂层的粘附性以及优异的涂层使用寿命。 电极的基板金属，例如由钛表示的阀金属，具有用于后续涂布应用的高度期望的粗糙表面特性。 这可以通过各种操作实现，包括蚀刻和熔体喷涂金属或陶瓷氧化物以确保粗糙化的表面形态。 通常在随后的操作中，在增强的形态表面上提供阻挡层。 这可以通过包括加热以及包括层前体的热分解的操作来实现。 随后的涂层即使在最坚固的商业环境中也能提供更长的使用寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US06395153B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09655967
申请日：1999-09-10
申请人： Rudolf C. Matousek , Mark L. Arnold , Barry L. Martin , Eric J. Rudd , Lynne M. Ernes , Zoilo J. Colon , Gary F. Wyman , Joseph J. Chance
发明人： Rudolf C. Matousek , Mark L. Arnold , Barry L. Martin , Eric J. Rudd , Lynne M. Ernes , Zoilo J. Colon , Gary F. Wyman , Joseph J. Chance
IPC分类号： C25B900
摘要： The present invention pertains to electrolytic diaphragm cells, particularly for the electrolysis of brine to produce chlorine and caustic. The innovation resides generally in the discovery that electrolytic cell operation can be desirably enhanced by compressing the diaphragm between anode and cathode. This compression of the diaphragm reduces the diaphragm thickness from an original thickness, e.g., from an original thickness of a diaphragm freshly deposited on a cathode. The reduced thickness of the diaphragm provides for cell operation that is less than zero gap operation. By maintaining the diaphragm under compression and in a reduced thickness, the cell operates with a narrower interelectrode gap and consequently at a desirably reduced cell voltage.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及电解隔膜电池，特别是用于电解盐水以产生氯和苛性碱。 该创新通常在于通过在阳极和阴极之间压缩膜片可以期望提高电解池操作的发现。 隔膜的这种压缩使隔膜厚度从原始厚度减小，例如从刚刚沉积在阴极上的隔膜的原始厚度。 膜片的减小的厚度提供小于零间隙操作的电池操作。 通过将隔膜保持在压缩和减小的厚度下，电池以更窄的电极间间隙运行，并因此以期望的电池电压降低。
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公开(公告)号：US5705051A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-06
申请号：US632574
申请日：1996-04-15
申请人： Richard J. Coin , Lynne M. Ernes , Andy W. Getsy , Edward M. Halko , Kenneth L. Hardee , Marilyn J. Niksa
发明人： Richard J. Coin , Lynne M. Ernes , Andy W. Getsy , Edward M. Halko , Kenneth L. Hardee , Marilyn J. Niksa
CPC分类号： C25B9/08 , B01D53/1425 , B01D53/326 , C25B11/03 , C25B11/035 , C25B15/08 , C25C7/02
摘要： An electrode, electrochemical cell, and electrochemical processes are disclosed. The electrode is a porous, multi-layered electrode which can have an element in flexible, strip form wound around a central, usually flat plate core, which core may serve as a current distributor. In any form, each layer can be represented by a very thin, highly flexible metal mesh. This can be a fine, as opposed to a coarse, mesh which has extremely thin strands and small voids. The electrode will have an active coating. For utilizing this electrode, the cell in one form will be a monopolar cell providing upward, parallel electrolyte flow through the porous, multi-layered electrode. A representative cell can have such electrode at least substantially filling an electrode chamber. The cells can be contained in a cell box that will provide the desired flow-through relationship for the electrolyte to the electrode. In cell operation, electrochemical processes which can be carried out include metal ion oxidation or reduction, oxidation of organic substituents, nitrate reduction as well as salt splitting.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电极，电化学电池和电化学方法。 电极是多孔的多层电极，其可以具有缠绕在中心的，通常为平的板芯上的柔性带状的元件，该芯可以用作电流分布器。 以任何形式，每层可以由非常薄的，高度柔性的金属网表示。 这可以是细的，而不是具有极细线和小空隙的粗网。 电极将具有活性涂层。 为了利用该电极，一种形式的电池将是单极电池，其提供通过多孔多层电极的向上平行的电解质流。 代表性的电池可以具有至少基本上填充电极室的这种电极。 细胞可以包含在细胞盒中，其将为电解质提供期望的流通关系。 在电池操作中，可以进行的电化学过程包括金属离子氧化还原，有机取代基的氧化，硝酸盐的还原以及盐分解。
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9.发明授权Substrate of improved plasma sprayed surface morphology and its use as an electrode in an electrolytic cell 失效改善等离子体喷涂表面形态的基体及其在电解池中作为电极的用途
公开(公告)号：US5324407A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-28
申请号：US23445
申请日：1993-02-26
IPC分类号： C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25B11/10 , C25C7/02 , C25D17/10 , C25D17/12
CPC分类号： C25D17/10 , C23C26/00 , C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25C7/02 , Y10T428/1266 , Y10T428/12667 , Y10T428/24521
摘要： A metal surface is now described having enhanced adhesion of subsequently applied coatings. The substrate metal of the article, such as a valve metal as represented by titanium, is provided with a highly desirable surface characteristic for subsequent coating application. This can be achieved by a plasma sprayed coating of well defined surface morphology, the plasma spraying being with one or more metals usually valve metals. The metal of the coating may be the same or different from the metal of the substrate. Subsequently applied coatings, by penetrating into the coating of well defined surface morphology, and desirably locked onto the resulting metal article an provide enhanced lifetime even in rugged commercial environments.
摘要翻译： 现在描述了金属表面具有增强的随后涂覆的涂层的粘合性。 制品的基底金属，例如由钛表示的阀金属，具有用于后续涂布应用的非常期望的表面特性。 这可以通过具有良好限定的表面形态的等离子喷涂涂层来实现，等离子体喷涂与一种或多种金属通常是阀金属。 涂层的金属可以与基材的金属相同或不同。 随后施加的涂层，通过渗透到良好限定的表面形态的涂层中，并且期望地锁定到所得的金属制品上，即使在坚固的商业环境中也提供了延长的寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US4517068A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US527552
申请日：1983-08-26
申请人： Jean M. Hinden , Lynne M. Ernes , Patrick E. Visel
发明人： Jean M. Hinden , Lynne M. Ernes , Patrick E. Visel
CPC分类号： C25B11/0484
摘要： An electrode, especially for chlorine and hypochlorite production, comprises an electrocatalyst consisting of 22-55 mol % ruthenium oxide, 0.2-22 mol % palladium oxide and 44-77.8 mol % titanium oxide. The electrocatalyst may form a coating on a valve metal substrate and may be topcoated with a porous layer of titanium or tantalum oxide.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US81 / 01763 Sec。 371日期：1983年8月26日 102（e）日期1983年8月26日PCT提交1981年12月28日PCT公布。 公开号WO83 / 02288 日期：1983年7月7日。一种特别用于氯和次氯酸盐生产的电极包括由22-55mol％氧化钌，0.2-22mol％氧化钯和44-77.8mol％二氧化钛组成的电催化剂。 电催化剂可以在阀金属基材上形成涂层，并且可以用多孔层的钛或氧化钽涂覆。
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