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    Photovoltaic device comprising compositionally graded intrinsic photoactive layer
    3.
    发明授权
    Photovoltaic device comprising compositionally graded intrinsic photoactive layer 有权
    包含组成梯度的本征光活性层的光伏器件

    公开(公告)号：US08431815B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-04-30

    申请号：US12644915

    申请日：2009-12-22

    Applicant: Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Todd L. Williamson

    Inventor： Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Todd L. Williamson

    IPC: H01L31/00

    CPC classification number: H01L31/075 ,  C08J7/123 ,  H01L31/028 ,  H01L31/0296 ,  H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/03046 ,  H01L31/0312 ,  H01L31/065 ,  H01L31/1844 ,  H01L31/1852 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02E10/548

    Abstract: Photovoltaic devices and methods of making photovoltaic devices comprising at least one compositionally graded photoactive layer, said method comprising providing a substrate; growing onto the substrate a uniform intrinsic photoactive layer having one surface disposed upon the substrate and an opposing second surface, said intrinsic photoactive layer consisting essentially of In1-xAxN,; wherein: i. 0≦x≦1; ii. A is gallium, aluminum, or combinations thereof; and iii. x is at least 0 on one surface of the intrinsic photoactive layer and is compositionally graded throughout the layer to reach a value of 1 or less on the opposing second surface of the layer; wherein said intrinsic photoactive layer is isothermally grown by means of energetic neutral atom beam lithography and epitaxy at a temperature of 600° C. or less using neutral nitrogen atoms having a kinetic energy of from about 1.0 eV to about 5.0 eV, and wherein the intrinsic photoactive layer is grown at a rate of from about 5 nm/min to about 100 nm/min.

    Abstract translation: 光伏器件和制造包含至少一个组成渐变光活性层的光伏器件的方法，所述方法包括提供衬底; 在衬底上生长均匀的本征光活性层，其具有设置在衬底上的一个表面和相对的第二表面，所述本征光活性层基本上由In1-xAxN组成; 其中：i。 0 @ x @ 1; ii。 A是镓，铝或其组合; 和iii。 x在本征光活性层的一个表面上至少为0，并且在层的相对的第二表面上在整个层中组成分级达到1或更小的值; 其中所述本征光活性层通过高能中性原子束光刻和在600℃或更低的温度下外延生长，使用具有约1.0eV至约5.0eV的动能的中性氮原子，并且其中所述内在光活性层 光活性层以约5nm / min至约100nm / min的速率生长。

    PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE COMPRISING COMPOSITIONALLY GRADED INTRINSIC PHOTOACTIVE LAYER
    4.
    发明申请
    PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE COMPRISING COMPOSITIONALLY GRADED INTRINSIC PHOTOACTIVE LAYER 有权
    包含组合型内置光电层的光伏器件

    公开(公告)号：US20110146769A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-06-23

    申请号：US12644915

    申请日：2009-12-22

    Applicant: Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Todd L. Williamson

    Inventor： Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Todd L. Williamson

    IPC: H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/18

    CPC classification number: H01L31/075 ,  C08J7/123 ,  H01L31/028 ,  H01L31/0296 ,  H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/03046 ,  H01L31/0312 ,  H01L31/065 ,  H01L31/1844 ,  H01L31/1852 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02E10/548

    Abstract: Photovoltaic devices and methods of making photovoltaic devices comprising at least one compositionally graded photoactive layer, said method comprising providing a substrate; growing onto the substrate a uniform intrinsic photoactive layer having one surface disposed upon the substrate and an opposing second surface, said intrinsic photoactive layer consisting essentially of In1-xAxN,; wherein: i. 0≦x≦1; ii. A is gallium, aluminum, or combinations thereof; and iii. x is at least 0 on one surface of the intrinsic photoactive layer and is compositionally graded throughout the layer to reach a value of 1 or less on the opposing second surface of the layer; wherein said intrinsic photoactive layer is isothermally grown by means of energetic neutral atom beam lithography and epitaxy at a temperature of 600° C. or less using neutral nitrogen atoms having a kinetic energy of from about 1.0 eV to about 5.0 eV, and wherein the intrinsic photoactive layer is grown at a rate of from about 5 nm/min to about 100 nm/min.

    Abstract translation: 光伏器件和制造包含至少一个组成渐变光活性层的光伏器件的方法，所述方法包括提供衬底; 在衬底上生长均匀的本征光活性层，其具有设置在衬底上的一个表面和相对的第二表面，所述本征光活性层基本上由In1-xAxN组成; 其中：i。 0＆nlE; x＆nlE; 1; ii。 A是镓，铝或其组合; 和iii。 x在本征光活性层的一个表面上至少为0，并且在层的相对的第二表面上在整个层中组成分级达到1或更小的值; 其中所述本征光活性层通过高能中性原子束光刻和在600℃或更低的温度下外延生长，使用具有约1.0eV至约5.0eV的动能的中性氮原子，并且其中所述内在光活性层 光活性层以约5nm / min至约100nm / min的速率生长。

    Method of fabrication of micro- and nanofilters
    5.
    发明申请
    Method of fabrication of micro- and nanofilters 审中-公开
    微型和纳米过滤器的制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US20100181288A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-22

    申请号：US12691407

    申请日：2010-01-21

    Applicant: Cha-Mei Tang ,  Olga V. Makarova ,  Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Todd L. Williamson ,  Platte T. Amstutz

    Inventor： Cha-Mei Tang ,  Olga V. Makarova ,  Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Todd L. Williamson ,  Platte T. Amstutz

    IPC: B44C1/22

    CPC classification number: B01D67/0062 ,  B01D67/0034 ,  B01D67/0093 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D2323/38 ,  B01D2325/028 ,  B01D2325/26

    Abstract: Micro- and nanofilters have a wide range of applications in many fields, including medical diagnostics, drug delivery, medical implants, and hemodialysis. Some issues that limit commercial application of current nanofilters in medicine are low pore density, non-uniform pore size, and the use of materials that are not biocompatible. A method is described to fabricate high porosity polymer and diamond micro- and nanofilters producing smooth, uniform and straight pores of high aspect ratio. Pore size, density, and shape can be predetermined with a high degree of precision by masks and controlled etch. The method combines energetic neutral atom beam lithography and a mask. This technology allows etching polymeric materials in a clean, well-controlled, and charge-free environment, making it very suitable for fabricating nanofilters and other components for biomedical applications.

    Abstract translation: 微型和纳米过滤器在许多领域有广泛的应用，包括医疗诊断，药物输送，医疗植入物和血液透析。 限制当前纳米过滤器在医药中的商业应用的一些问题是低孔密度，不均匀孔径以及不能生物相容的材料的使用。 描述了一种制造高孔隙率聚合物和金刚石微米和纳米过滤器的方法，其产生高纵横比的光滑，均匀和直孔。 孔径，密度和形状可以通过掩模和受控蚀刻以高精确度预先确定。 该方法结合了高能中性原子束光刻和掩模。 该技术允许在干净，良好控制和无电荷环境中蚀刻聚合物材料，使其非常适合制造用于生物医学应用的纳米过滤器和其他部件。

    Reduction of surface leakage current by surface passivation of CdZn Te and other materials using hyperthermal oxygen atoms
    6.
    发明授权
    Reduction of surface leakage current by surface passivation of CdZn Te and other materials using hyperthermal oxygen atoms 失效
    通过使用超热氧原子的CdZnTe等材料的表面钝化来减少表面泄漏电流

    公开(公告)号：US06168967A

    公开(公告)日：2001-01-02

    申请号：US08977860

    申请日：1997-11-26

    Applicant: Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Thomas H. Prettyman

    Inventor： Mark A. Hoffbauer ,  Thomas H. Prettyman

    IPC: B05D306

    CPC classification number: H01L31/115 ,  H01L31/02966 ,  H01L31/1868 ,  Y02E10/50 ,  Y02P70/521 ,  Y10S148/064 ,  Y10S148/093 ,  Y10S148/094 ,  Y10S148/116 ,  Y10S148/118

    Abstract: Reduction of surface leakage current by surface passivation of Cd1-xZnxTe and other materials using hyperthermal oxygen atoms. Surface effects are important in the performance of CdZnTe room-temperature radiation detectors used as spectrometers since the dark current is often dominated by surface leakage. A process using high-kinetic-energy, neutral oxygen atoms (˜3 eV) to treat the surface of CdZnTe detectors at or near ambient temperatures is described. Improvements in detector performance include significantly reduced leakage current which results in lower detector noise and greater energy resolution for radiation measurements of gamma- and X-rays, thereby increasing the accuracy and sensitivity of measurements of radionuclides having complex gamma-ray spectra, including special nuclear materials.

    Abstract translation: 通过Cd1-xZnxTe和其他材料的表面钝化来减少表面泄漏电流，使用超热原子。 表面效应在用作光谱仪的CdZnTe室温辐射探测器的性能中是重要的，因为暗电流通常由表面泄漏控制。 描述了使用高动能，中性氧原子（〜3eV）在环境温度或接近环境温度下处理CdZnTe探测器表面的方法。 检测器性能的改进包括显着降低的漏电流，从而降低检测器噪声，提高伽马和X射线辐射测量的能量分辨率，从而提高具有复杂伽马射线光谱的放射性核素测量的精度和灵敏度，包括特殊核 材料

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