公开(公告)号：US4627172A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-09

申请号：US641790

申请日：1984-08-17

申请人： Martin A. Afromowitz

发明人： Martin A. Afromowitz

IPC分类号： G01C9/06

CPC分类号： G01C9/06

摘要： An inclinometer, adapted to be rigidly secured to an object, for detecting the amount and direction of the inclination of the object in any direction with respect to a horizontal or other reference plane. The inclinometer comprises a fiber optic rod rigidly mounted at one of its ends and having a weight secured to its free end. The free end of the rod has two degrees of freedom of motion with respect to its rigidly mounted end. Light is supplied to the rod's mounted end and light emitted from the rod's free end falls on a continuous two dimensional optical detection surface area of an optical detector which uniquely detects the position of the spot of light falling anywhere on its surface area, regardless of the direction in which the spot of light moves on its surface area. From the position of the spot of light on the surface area, the amount and direction of inclination of the object can be determined. Undesired oscillations of the free end of the optical fiber rod, caused by acceleration of the inclinometer, are reduced by surrounding the rod and/or weight with a viscous liquid, and/or by also providing fins on the weight to increase its fluid resistance. A temperature sensor allows for correction of the inclination angle detected caused by changes in temperature of the inclinometer. A pure fused silica optical fiber rod is preferred, to prevent undesired hysteresis which might otherwise be caused by an elastic deformation of the optical fiber rod.

摘要翻译： 适于刚性地固定到物体上的倾斜计，用于检测物体相对于水平或其它参考平面在任何方向上倾斜的量和方向。 倾斜计包括刚性地安装在其一个端部处并且具有固定到其自由端的重物的光纤棒。 杆的自由端相对于其刚性安装的端部具有两个运动自由度。 光被提供到杆的安装端，并且从杆的自由端发射的光落在光学检测器的连续的二维光学检测表面区域上，其唯一地检测到其表面区域任何地方落下的光斑的位置，而不管 光斑在其表面上移动的方向。 从表面积上的光点的位置可以确定物体的倾斜量和方向。 通过用粘性液体围绕杆和/或重量，和/或通过还提供重量上的翅片以增加其流体阻力，减少了由倾斜仪的加速度引起的光纤杆的自由端的不期望的振荡。 温度传感器允许校正由倾斜仪的温度变化引起的倾斜角度。 优选纯熔融石英光纤棒，以防止可能由光纤棒的弹性​​变形引起的不希望的滞后现象。

公开(公告)号：US06635412B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-21

申请号：US09902829

申请日：2001-07-10

申请人： Martin A. Afromowitz

发明人： Martin A. Afromowitz

IPC分类号： G03F700

CPC分类号： G03F7/38 ,  G03F7/2022

摘要： A method utilizing gray-tone exposure of a class of thick negative photo-sensitized epoxy resists from the substrate side of a transparent substrate and development methods that rely upon a physical distinction between polymerized (solid) and unpolymerized (liquid) photoresist at elevated temperatures may be used to fabricate 3-D structures in the photo-sensitized epoxy. Such structures may exhibit smoothly-varying topographic features with thicknesses as great as 2 mm.

摘要翻译： 从透明基板的基板侧使用一类厚负的光致敏化环氧树脂抗蚀剂的灰色曝光的方法和依赖于在高温下聚合（固体）和未聚合（液体）光致抗蚀剂之间的物理区别的显影方法可以 用于在光敏环氧树脂中制造3-D结构。 这种结构可以表现出平滑变化的厚度大至2mm的地形特征。

公开(公告)号：US5275169A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-04

申请号：US822032

申请日：1992-01-15

申请人： Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Roger A. Wolthuis ,  Gordon L. Mitchell

发明人： Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Roger A. Wolthuis ,  Gordon L. Mitchell

IPC分类号： A61B5/0215 ,  A61M29/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/0215

摘要： A system includes a catheter (10) having a low pressure balloon (42) at of one end thereof, a precise, low pressure, low volume fluid infusion means (41) and a pressure sensor (43). The balloon (42) is introduced to a body lumen, such as a blood vessel, and inflated to a pressure at or just above physiologic, typically being below 200 mmhg. From the balloon volume at a particular pressure, the internal cross-sectional area and diameter of the vessel can be calculated. Additional calculations can be made at other pressures below 200 mmhg to determine compliance of the vessel.

摘要翻译： 一种系统包括在其一端具有低压球囊（42）的导管（10），精确的低压低体积流体输注装置（41）和压力传感器（43）。 将球囊（42）引入体腔，例如血管，并膨胀至生理上或正好高于生理的压力，通常低于200mmhg。 从特定压力下的气囊体积可以计算容器的内部横截面面积和直径。 可以在低于200mmhg的其他压力下进行额外的计算，以确定容器的顺应性。

公开(公告)号：US5876187A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-02

申请号：US401546

申请日：1995-03-09

申请人： Fred K. Forster ,  Ronald L. Bardell ,  Alan P. Blanchard ,  Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Nigel R. Sharma

发明人： Fred K. Forster ,  Ronald L. Bardell ,  Alan P. Blanchard ,  Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Nigel R. Sharma

IPC分类号： B81B3/00 ,  F04B43/04 ,  F04B53/10 ,  F15C5/00 ,  F16K99/00 ,  F04B17/00

CPC分类号： F16K99/0001 ,  F04B43/046 ,  F04B53/1077 ,  F15C5/00 ,  F16K99/0003 ,  F16K99/0021 ,  F16K99/0057 ,  F16K2099/008 ,  F16K2099/0084 ,  F16K2099/0092 ,  F16K2099/0094 ,  Y10T137/212 ,  Y10T137/2185 ,  Y10T137/2224

摘要： Micropumps fabricated by micromachining techniques and employing fixed or no-moving-parts valves. As one aspect of the invention, a laser-assisted chemical etching technique is employed for providing smooth-walled, curved configuration necessary to obtain the desired flow characteristics of the valves that are used in conjunction with the micropump.

摘要翻译： 通过微加工技术制造的微泵，并采用固定或不动元件阀门。 作为本发明的一个方面，采用激光辅助化学蚀刻技术来提供平滑壁弯曲结构，以获得与微型泵结合使用的阀所需的流动特性。

公开(公告)号：US4904080A

公开(公告)日：1990-02-27

申请号：US147234

申请日：1988-01-22

申请人： Martin A. Afromowitz

发明人： Martin A. Afromowitz

IPC分类号： G01N3/00 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/43 ,  G01N25/02 ,  G01N33/44

CPC分类号： G01N33/442 ,  G01N21/4133 ,  G01N25/02 ,  G01N2021/4146 ,  G01N2021/432 ,  G01N2203/0092

摘要： Reference materials of differing indices of refraction or acoustic impedances are incorporated into liquid compositions to monitor the solidification process of these liquid compositions. Light or acoustic waves are used to indirectly measure the difference between the index of refraction or acoustic impedance of the solidifying composition and the reference material. The method provides an accurate in situ indication of the completion of the solidification process as well as a monitor of the degree of solidifications during the solidification process.

公开(公告)号：US07956326B1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-07

申请号：US11787712

申请日：2007-04-17

申请人： George Kychakoff ,  Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Richard E. Hogle

发明人： George Kychakoff ,  Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Richard E. Hogle

IPC分类号： G01J5/02

CPC分类号： G01N17/008 ,  G01J2005/0077

摘要： A system for detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes in recovery and power boilers includes one or more deposit monitoring sensors operating in infrared regions of about 4 or 8.7 microns and directly producing images of the interior of the boiler, or producing feeding signals to a data processing system for information to enable a distributed control system by which the boilers are operated to operate said boilers more efficiently. The data processing system includes an image pre-processing circuit in which a 2-D image formed by the video data input is captured, and includes a low pass filter for performing noise filtering of said video input. It also includes an image compensation system for array compensation to correct for pixel variation and dead cells, etc., and for correcting geometric distortion. An image segmentation module receives a cleaned image from the image pre-processing circuit for separating the image of the recovery boiler interior into background, pendant tubes, and deposition. It also accomplishes thresholding/clustering on gray scale/texture and makes morphological transforms to smooth regions, and identifies regions by connected components. An image-understanding unit receives a segmented image sent from the image segmentation module and matches derived regions to a 3-D model of said boiler. It derives a 3-D structure the deposition on pendant tubes in the boiler and provides the information about deposits to the plant distributed control system for more efficient operation of the plant pendant tube cleaning and operating systems.

摘要翻译： 用于检测和控制回收和动力锅炉中的悬挂管上的沉积物的系统包括一个或多个在约4或8.7微米的红外区域中操作的沉积物监测传感器，并且直接产生锅炉内部的图像，或者产生供给信号到 数据处理系统，用于实现用于操作锅炉的分布式控制系统以更有效地操作所述锅炉的信息。 数据处理系统包括其中捕获由视频数据输入形成的2-D图像的图像预处理电路，并且包括用于对所述视频输入进行噪声滤波的低通滤波器。 它还包括用于阵列补偿的图像补偿系统，以校正像素变化和死细胞等，并且用于校正几何失真。 图像分割模块从图像预处理电路接收清洁的图像，用于将回收锅炉内部的图像分离为背景，垂直管和沉积。 它还实现了灰度/纹理的阈值化/聚类，并使形态学变换到平滑区域，并通过连接的组件识别区域。 图像理解单元接收从图像分割模块发送的分割图像，并将导出的区域匹配到所述锅炉的3-D模型。 它产生三维结构，沉积在锅炉的垂直管上，并提供关于沉积物的信息到工厂分布式控制系统，以更有效地操作植物吊灯清洁和操作系统。

公开(公告)号：US07437025B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US11137089

申请日：2005-05-24

申请人： George Kychakoff ,  Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Richard E. Hogle

发明人： George Kychakoff ,  Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Richard E. Hogle

IPC分类号： G06K9/20 ,  G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G01N25/72 ,  G01N17/008

摘要： A system for detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes in recovery and power boilers includes one or more deposit monitoring sensors operating in infrared regions of about 4 or 8.7 microns and directly producing images of the interior of the boiler, or producing feeding signals to a data processing system for information to enable a distributed control system by which the boilers are operated to operate said boilers more efficiently. The data processing system includes an image pre-processing circuit in which a 2-D image formed by the video data input is captured, and includes a low pass filter for performing noise filtering of said video input. It also includes an image compensation system for array compensation to correct for pixel variation and dead cells, etc., and for correcting geometric distortion. An image segmentation module receives a cleaned image from the image pre-processing circuit for separating the image of the recovery boiler interior into background, pendant tubes, and deposition. It also accomplishes thresholding/clustering on gray scale/texture and makes morphological transforms to smooth regions, and identifies regions by connected components. An image-understanding unit receives a segmented image sent from the image segmentation module and matches derived regions to a 3-D model of said boiler. It derives a 3-D structure the deposition on pendant tubes in the boiler and provides the information about deposits to the plant distributed control system for more efficient operation of the plant pendant tube cleaning and operating systems.

摘要翻译： 用于检测和控制回收和动力锅炉中的悬挂管上的沉积物的系统包括一个或多个在约4或8.7微米的红外区域中操作的沉积物监测传感器，并且直接产生锅炉内部的图像，或者产生供给信号到 数据处理系统，用于实现用于操作锅炉的分布式控制系统以更有效地操作所述锅炉的信息。 数据处理系统包括其中捕获由视频数据输入形成的2-D图像的图像预处理电路，并且包括用于对所述视频输入进行噪声滤波的低通滤波器。 它还包括用于阵列补偿的图像补偿系统，以校正像素变化和死细胞等，并且用于校正几何失真。 图像分割模块从图像预处理电路接收清洁的图像，用于将回收锅炉内部的图像分离为背景，垂直管和沉积。 它还实现了灰度/纹理的阈值化/聚类，并使形态学变换到平滑区域，并通过连接的组件识别区域。 图像理解单元接收从图像分割模块发送的分割图像，并将导出的区域匹配到所述锅炉的3-D模型。 它产生三维结构，沉积在锅炉的垂直管上，并提供关于沉积物的信息到工厂分布式控制系统，以更有效地操作植物吊灯清洁和操作系统。

公开(公告)号：US4133735A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-09

申请号：US837279

申请日：1977-09-27

申请人： Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Sinclair S. Yee

发明人： Martin A. Afromowitz ,  Sinclair S. Yee

IPC分类号： G01N27/28 ,  G01N27/333 ,  G01N27/36 ,  G01N27/30 ,  B05D1/18

CPC分类号： G01N27/36 ,  G01N27/3335 ,  H01L24/49 ,  H01L2224/45139 ,  H01L2224/45144 ,  H01L2224/45147 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48137 ,  H01L2224/48227 ,  H01L2224/4903 ,  H01L2224/49505 ,  H01L2224/85205 ,  H01L24/45 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/01047 ,  H01L2924/01322 ,  H01L2924/10253 ,  H01L2924/1306 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/15787 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/3025 ,  Y10T29/49002

摘要： An improved ion-sensitive electrode is described, particularly in terms of the structure of a pH electrode and first and second processes for making the same. The pH electrode includes a substrate, preferably of forsterite, which is configured as a wafer having a substantially planar wafer surface. A continuous conducting layer, formed by either thin-film vapor deposition or thick-film screening processes, is formed on the substantially planar wafer surface in a desired configuration. A first region of the continuous conducting layer, and contiguous portions of the substantially planar wafer surface, are covered by a continuous membrane layer preferably composed of a pH-sensitive glass such as Corning Code 0150 glass. Typically, the membrane layer is formed by a thick-film process which involves the reduction of the glass to a fine powder, the mixing of the powder with an organic vehicle including an organic solvent and an organic binder to form a glass paste, and the application of the glass paste to the wafer through a wire mesh screen having an open region therethrough corresponding in configuration to that of the desired membrane layer. The paste when applied to the wafer is fused into a continuous membrane layer by the application of heat, at a first temperature to drive off the organic solvent and at a second temperature or temperatures to drive off the organic binder and to fuse the glass. An insulated output lead is connected directly to a second region of the conducting layer. Alternatively, an active device chip, such as that including a field effect transistor, is bonded to the wafer and interconnected with the second region of the conducting layer and with the output lead or leads. The exposed conducting elements of the electrode, including the second region of the conducting layer, the active device chip, and all exposed portions of the leads, are covered by a fluid-tight seal. Other ion-sensitive electrodes and variations of the aforementioned processes are described.

公开(公告)号：US07303853B2

公开(公告)日：2007-12-04

申请号：US10666198

申请日：2003-09-17

申请人： Martin A. Afromowitz

发明人： Martin A. Afromowitz

IPC分类号： G03F7/00 ,  G03F7/004

CPC分类号： G03F7/2022 ,  G03F7/38 ,  G09B11/00

摘要： 3-D structures which are fabricated by gray-tone exposure of a class of thick negative photo-sensitized epoxy resists from the substrate side of a transparent substrate, using development methods that rely upon a physical distinction between polymerized (solid) and unpolymerized (liquid) photoresist at elevated temperatures Such structures may exhibit smoothly-varying topographic features with thicknesses as great as 2 mm.

摘要翻译： 通过使用依赖于聚合（固体）和未聚合（液体）的物理区别的显影方法，由透明基底的基底侧的一类厚的负性感光环氧树脂抗蚀剂通过灰度曝光制造的3-D结构 ）光致抗蚀剂这种结构可能呈现平滑变化的厚度大至2mm的地形特征。

公开(公告)号：US07045089B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-16

申请号：US10340244

申请日：2003-01-10

申请人： Martin A. Afromowitz

发明人： Martin A. Afromowitz

IPC分类号： B29C33/38

CPC分类号： B29D11/00432 ,  B29C33/3842

摘要： The method includes the step of forming a solid epoxy member on a substrate, the epoxy member having an upper surface of desired configuration. A first metal layer is deposited on the epoxy member with the upper surface thereof conforming to the desired configuration. A layer of epoxy is deposited on the first metal layer and epoxy material from the epoxy layer is removed to create a well, exposing the metal layer on the epoxy member. A metal impression layer is then deposited in the well. The metal impression layer is then removed from the well and affixed to a mounting member as a mold component for injection molding of small structures.

摘要翻译： 该方法包括在基底上形成固体环氧构件的步骤，环氧构件具有所需构型的上表面。 第一金属层沉积在环氧树脂构件上，其上表面符合所需的构型。 在第一金属层上沉积一层环氧树脂，并且去除环氧树脂层的环氧树脂材料以形成一个孔，使环氧树脂上的金属层暴露出来。 然后将金属压印层沉积在该孔中。 然后将金属压印层从孔中取出并固定到作为小型结构的注射成型的模具部件的安装构件。