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公开(公告)号：US06440596B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US09425114
申请日：1999-10-20
Applicant: Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
Inventor： Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
IPC: H01M200
CPC classification number: H01M8/0625 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2483 , H01M8/2485
Abstract: An electrochemical apparatus including a steam reformer (24) positioned on top of a vaporizer (22) and communicating with a mixing orifice (34), the steam reformer (24) having a conductive output end plate (48) defining a fuel orifice (42); a compact cell stack (12) defining at least one air passage (54) and a fuel passage (46), wherein the fuel passage communicates with the fuel orifice (42); a stack end plate (50), defining at least one air orifice (52) communicating with the air passage (52); an electrically insulated sealing ring (58) extending upwardly from the stack end plate (50) outside the air orifice (52); an annular cap (60) defining a hot air inlet (61), extending inwardly beyond a sealing ring (58); a can (62) extending downwardly defining an exhaust passage (32) and communicating with an exhaust vent (66) within a base (16); a porous thermal insulation (56) defining a hot air plenum (68), a pin hole sheet (72) surrounding the can (62) and spaced inwardly from the enclosure (14) to define a cold air plenum (74), wherein the cold air plenum (74) receives coolant air from a coolant supply via a coolant inlet, and the pin hole sheet (72) is provided with a pattern of perforations adapted to distribute the coolant uniformly around the circumference and along the height of the stack (12).
Abstract translation: 一种电化学装置，包括位于蒸发器（22）的顶部并与混合孔（34）连通的蒸汽重整器（24），所述蒸汽重整器（24）具有限定燃料孔（42）的导电输出端板（48） ）; 限定至少一个空气通道（54）和燃料通道（46）的紧凑型电池组（12），其中所述燃料通道与所述燃料孔（42）连通; 限定与空气通道（52）连通的至少一个空气孔口（52）的堆垛端板（50）; 电绝缘的密封环（58），其从所述堆叠端板（50）向上延伸到所述空气孔口（52）的外部; 限定热空气入口（61）的环形帽（60），其向内延伸超过密封环（58）; 向下延伸限定出排气通道（32）并与基部（16）内的排气口（66）连通的罐（62）; 限定热空气室（68）的多孔隔热层（56），围绕所述罐（62）并与所述外壳（14）向内间隔开的销孔板（72），以限定冷空气室（74），其中 冷空气室（74）经由冷却剂入口从冷却剂供应源接收冷却剂空气，并且销孔板（72）设置有适于将冷却剂均匀地分布在圆周上并沿着堆的高度的穿孔图案（ 12）。
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公开(公告)号：US5445903A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-29
申请号：US118524
申请日：1993-09-09
Applicant: Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik
Inventor： Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik
CPC classification number: H01M8/1213 , H01M8/2425 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2300/0074 , H01M4/9025 , H01M4/9033 , H01M4/9041 , H01M4/905 , H01M4/9066 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/14
Abstract: The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel cell and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode and/or the fuel electrode) and the electrolyte. Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator element can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell.
Abstract translation: 通过在至少一个电极（氧电极和/或燃料电极）之间添加元件和通过在至少一个电极（氧电极和/或燃料电极）之间添加元件，可以显着增强和延长诸如燃料电池的电化学装置的电性能和燃料电池元件的耐久性 电解液 通过设计至少一个电极以改变其流动特性，可以另外增强性能。 集成分离器元件可另外用作燃料电池的至少一个电极。
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公开(公告)号：US5910238A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-08
申请号：US995580
申请日：1997-12-22
Applicant: Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik , Benson P. Lee
Inventor： Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik , Benson P. Lee
CPC classification number: C01B13/0251 , B01D53/326 , C01B13/0255 , C01B13/0259 , C01B2210/0046
Abstract: An article for the separation, storage and delivery of substantially pure oxygen, comprises a closed walled, hollow container wherein at least a portion of at least one wall of the container is an oxygen separation material, providing a sole means for transporting substantially all oxygen into the container. An apparatus for the delivery of oxygen comprises means for transferring oxygen from a fluid containing oxygen to at least one such container at elevated temperature and pressure. The apparatus can provide means for transporting said the substantially pure oxygen-bearing container, means for storing said the container, and means for extracting oxygen from the container. A process includes filling the article with substantially pure oxygen, and, storing the substantially pure oxygen within the container for a selected period of time. The process may include releasing the oxygen from the container. The process may be used for the purification of oxygen, or the purification of a fluid containing oxygen as an impurity.
Abstract translation: 用于分离，储存和输送基本上纯氧的物品包括封闭的中空容器，其中容器的至少一个壁的至少一部分是氧气分离材料，提供了将基本上所有的氧气输送到 容器 用于输送氧的装置包括用于在升高的温度和压力下将氧从含氧气体的流体转移到至少一个这样的容器的装置。 该装置可以提供用于运输所述基本上纯的含氧容器，用于储存所述容器的装置和用于从容器中提取氧气的装置的装置。 一种方法包括用基本上纯的氧填充制品，以及将基本上纯的氧储存在容器内一段选定的时间。 该方法可以包括从容器中释放氧气。 该方法可用于纯化氧，或纯化含有氧作为杂质的流体。
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公开(公告)号：US5009796A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US843055
申请日：1986-03-24
Applicant: Michael A. Petrik , Robert J. Adler , Jonathan D. Wineland
Inventor： Michael A. Petrik , Robert J. Adler , Jonathan D. Wineland
CPC classification number: B03B5/02 , B01D21/0087 , B01D21/26 , B01D9/0018 , B01J8/20 , B01J8/382 , B03B5/00
Abstract: A method and apparatus for exposing particles to a fluid including the steps of adding fluid and particles to a container having impeller means therein, generating a current with the impeller so as to subject the particles to centrifugal and convective forces resulting in the formation of a well-defined and localized fluidized bed of particles, and maintaining the existence of the current through the fluidized bed so that the particles are thereby exposed to the fluid. The fluidized bed is located in a region removed from the impeller when the particles are more dense than the fluid, and the fluidized bed is located in a region near the impeller when the particles are less dense than the fluid. A method of exposing a first fluid to a second fluid, the second fluid being either a gas or a liquid immiscible in the first fluid is also disclosed. The method includes the steps of adding the first and second fluids to a container having impeller means therein, generating with the impeller a current in the first fluid which subjects the second fluid to centrifugal and convective forces resulting in the formation of a well defined and localized bed of a dispersed phase of the second fluid remaining in a region near the impeller, and maintaining the existence of the current through the region so that the dispersed phase in the fluidized bed is exposed to the first fluid.
Abstract translation: 一种用于将颗粒暴露于流体的方法和装置，包括以下步骤：将流体和颗粒添加到其中具有叶轮装置的容器中，用叶轮产生电流，以使颗粒受到导致形成井的离心和对流力 定义和定位的颗粒流化床，并且保持电流通过流化床的存在，使得颗粒由此暴露于流体。 当颗粒比流体更致密时，流化床位于从叶轮移除的区域中，并且当颗粒比流体密度低时，流化床位于靠近叶轮的区域中。 还公开了将第一流体暴露于第二流体的方法，第二流体是在第一流体中不混溶的气体或液体。 该方法包括以下步骤：将第一和第二流体添加到其中具有叶轮装置的容器中，用叶轮产生在第一流体中的电流，其使第二流体受到离心和对流力，导致形成良好限定和局部化 残留在靠近叶轮的区域中的第二流体的分散相的床，并且保持电流的存在通过该区域，使得流化床中的分散相暴露于第一流体。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07163759B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-16
申请号：US10671902
申请日：2003-09-25
Applicant: Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik , Robert C. Ruhl
Inventor： Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik , Robert C. Ruhl
CPC classification number: H01M8/0247 , C25B1/02 , C25B9/00 , C25B15/02 , H01M4/8605 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/0276 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/1213 , H01M8/1231 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/186 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/243 , H01M8/2432 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/2483 , Y02E60/525 , Y02E60/528 , Y02P70/56
Abstract: An electrochemical system adapted to operate between a fuel cell mode, an electrolysis mode and a mode alternating between an electrolysis mode and a fuel cell mode, also referred to as an energy storage mode, operating on a fuel gas mixture and an oxygen-containing gas mixture, and having modified fuel diffusion layers and oxygen diffusion layers. The tapered fuel diffusion layers are progressively thicker from its outermost edge to its innermost edge. The tapered oxygen diffusion layer is progressively thicker from its innermost edge to its outermost edge.
Abstract translation: 一种电化学系统，适于在燃料电池模式，电解模式和在电解模式和燃料电池模式之间交替的模式（也称为在燃料气体混合物上运行的能量存储模式）和含氧气体 混合物，并且具有改性的燃料扩散层和氧扩散层。 锥形燃料扩散层从其最外边缘到最内边缘逐渐变厚。 锥形氧扩散层从其最内边缘到其最外边缘逐渐变厚。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US06878480B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-12
申请号：US10105761
申请日：2002-03-25
Applicant: Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
Inventor： Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
CPC classification number: H01M8/025 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/026 , H01M8/0265 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1213 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2428 , H01M2300/0074
Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to an electrochemical apparatus for oxidation or consumption of a fuel, and the generation of electricity, such as, a solid electrolyte fuel cell. The electrochemical apparatus (1) comprises at least one cell (2), wherein the cell (2) has a solid electrolyte (10) disposed between a unitary oxygen electrode (12) and a unitary fuel electrode (8), and at least one separator (6) contacting the surface of one of the electrodes (13) opposite of the electrolyte (10). At least one electrode (13) of the cell (2) defines a micro-channel pattern (26), wherein the micro-channel cross-section is preferably varied, such that reactant gas flowing through the micro channels achieves tailored local flow, pressure, and velocity distributions.
Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及用于燃料的氧化或消耗的电化学装置，以及诸如固体电解质燃料电池的电的产生。 电化学装置（1）包括至少一个电池（2），其中电池（2）具有设置在单一氧电极（12）和单一燃料电极（8）之间的固体电解质（10），以及至少一个电池 分离器（6）接触与电解质（10）相对的一个电极（13）的表面。 电池（2）的至少一个电极（13）限定微通道图案（26），其中微通道横截面优选地变化，使得流过微通道的反应气体实现定制的局部流动，压力 和速度分布。
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公开(公告)号：US06361892B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09455149
申请日：1999-12-06
Applicant: Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
Inventor： Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
IPC: H01M810
CPC classification number: H01M8/025 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/026 , H01M8/0265 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1213 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2428 , H01M2300/0074
Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to an electrochemical apparatus for oxidation or consumption of a fuel, and the generation of electricity, such as, a solid electrolyte fuel cell. The electrochemical apparatus (1) comprises at least one cell (2), wherein the cell (2) has a solid electrolyte (10) disposed between an oxygen electrode (8) and a fuel electrode (12), and at least one separator (6) contacting the surface of one of the electrodes (13) opposite of the electrolyte (10). At least one electrode (13) of the cell (2) defines a micro-channel pattern (26), wherein the micro-channel cross-section is preferably varied, such that reactant gas flowing through the micro channels achieves tailored local flow, pressure, and velocity distributions.
Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及用于燃料的氧化或消耗的电化学装置，以及诸如固体电解质燃料电池的电的产生。 电化学装置（1）包括至少一个电池（2），其中电池（2）具有设置在氧电极（8）和燃料电极（12）之间的固体电解质（10）和至少一个分离器 6）使与电解质（10）相对的一个电极（13）的表面接触。 电池（2）的至少一个电极（13）限定微通道图案（26），其中微通道横截面优选地变化，使得流过微通道的反应气体实现定制的局部流动，压力 和速度分布。
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公开(公告)号：US5766317A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-16
申请号：US457863
申请日：1995-06-01
Applicant: Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik , Benson P. Lee
Inventor： Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik , Benson P. Lee
CPC classification number: B01D53/22 , B01D63/062 , C01B13/0251 , C01B13/0255 , C01B13/0259 , B01D2257/104 , C01B2210/0046
Abstract: An article for the separation, storage and delivery of substantially pure oxygen, comprises a closed walled, hollow container wherein at least a portion of at least one wall of the container is an oxygen separation material, providing a sole means for transporting substantially all oxygen into the container. An apparatus for the delivery of oxygen comprises means for transferring oxygen from a fluid containing oxygen to at least one such container at elevated temperature and pressure. The apparatus can provide means for transporting said the substantially pure oxygen-bearing container, means for storing said the container, and means for extracting oxygen from the container. A process includes filling the article with substantially pure oxygen, and, storing the substantially pure oxygen within the container for a selected period of time. The process may include releasing the oxygen from the container. The process may be used for the purification of oxygen, or the purification of a fluid containing oxygen as an impurity.
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公开(公告)号：US5589285A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-31
申请号：US455099
申请日：1995-05-31
Applicant: Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik
Inventor： Thomas L. Cable , Michael A. Petrik
CPC classification number: H01M8/1213 , H01M8/2425 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2300/0074 , H01M4/9025 , H01M4/9033 , H01M4/9041 , H01M4/905 , H01M4/9066 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/14
Abstract: The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel cell and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode and/or the fuel electrode) and the electrolyte. Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator element can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell. The electrochemical apparatus is tolerant of the utilization of sulfur bearing fuels.
Abstract translation: 通过在至少一个电极（氧电极和/或燃料电极）之间添加元件和通过在至少一个电极（氧电极和/或燃料电极）之间添加元件，可以显着增强和延长诸如燃料电池的电化学装置的电性能和燃料电池元件的耐久性 电解液 通过设计至少一个电极以改变其流动特性，可以另外增强性能。 集成分离器元件可另外用作燃料电池的至少一个电极。 电化学装置耐受含硫燃料的利用。
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公开(公告)号：US06489050B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-03
申请号：US09430979
申请日：1999-11-01
Applicant: Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
Inventor： Robert C. Ruhl , Christopher E. Milliken , Michael A. Petrik
IPC: H01M804
CPC classification number: H01M8/04074 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/243 , H01M8/2432
Abstract: An electrochemical apparatus and method for cooling the same. The apparatus comprises a stack of at least two compact cells. The cells have a maximum thermal pathway of about 4 centimeters. The cell includes a solid electrode layer disposed between an oxygen electrode layer and a fuel electrode layer. A separator layer contacts the surface of opposing electrodes of adjacent cells. The cell defines internal passages, for providing reactant gases to the electrodes, and a rim portion of the cell is adapted to radiate heat generated within the cell to outside the cell. At least one layer of the cell is adapted to conduct the cell heat to the rim for transfer by radiative cooling. The method of cooling the above apparatus includes feeding oxygen-bearing gas to the oxygen electrode at a low flow rate, conducting the heat produced within the cell to the cell rim, and radiating the heat from the cell rim.
Abstract translation: 一种电化学装置及其冷却方法。 该装置包括至少两个紧凑电池的堆叠。 细胞具有约4厘米的最大热路径。 电池包括设置在氧电极层和燃料电极层之间的固体电极层。 隔离层与相邻电池的相对电极的表面接触。 电池限定了用于向电极提供反应气体的内部通道，并且电池的边缘部分适于将电池内产生的热辐射到电池外部。 电池的至少一层适于将电池热传导到边缘以通过辐射冷却传递。 冷却上述装置的方法包括以低流量向氧电极供给含氧气体，将细胞内产生的热量传导到细胞边缘，并且从细胞边缘辐射热量。
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