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1.发明授权Synthesis gas from gaseous CO.sub.2 -solid carbonaceous fuel feeds 失效来自气态CO（HD 2 {B -solid碳质燃料进料）的合成气体
公开(公告)号：US3976442A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-24
申请号：US533908
申请日：1974-12-18
摘要： This is an improved continuous partial oxidation process for producing synthesis gas or fuel gas from gaseous CO.sub.2 -solid carbonaceous fuel feeds. A solid carbonaceous fuel such as finely ground coal from a pressurized lock hopper is passed directly into a high pressure high velocity CO.sub.2 -rich gas stream which carries the particles of coal into a free-flow noncatalytic gas generator where by the partial oxidation reaction with a free-oxygen containing gas, preferably in the absence of supplemental H.sub.2 O other than that normally present in the reactants, gaseous mixtures principally comprising H.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2 O are produced. A CO.sub.2 -rich gas stream is recovered downstream in the process and recycled to the pressurized feed system. The CO.sub.2 -rich stream serves as a carrier for the carbonaceous fuel and as a reactant in the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 这是用于从气态CO 2固体碳质燃料进料生产合成气或燃料气体的改进的连续部分氧化方法。 来自加压闭锁料斗的精细研磨的煤等固体碳质燃料直接通入高压高速富CO 2气流中，其将煤颗粒带入自由流动的非催化气体发生器中，其中通过部分氧化反应 含有游离氧的气体，优选在不存在辅助H 2 O的情况下，通常存在于反应物中，产生主要包含H 2，CO，CO 2和H 2 O的气态混合物。 在该过程中向下游回收富含CO 2的气流并再循环至加压进料系统。 富CO 2流作为碳质燃料的载体和反应区中的反应物。
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公开(公告)号：US4003432A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-18
申请号：US578243
申请日：1975-05-16
CPC分类号： E21B43/2405 , C09K8/62 , E21B43/16
摘要： A competent permeable communication zone connecting injection and production wells completed in a tar sand which communication zone will be rigid and will not tend to slump or heal may be developed by injecting a fluid in the injection well under such pressure so as to fracture the tar sand formation between the injection well and the production well and circulating a fluid between the injection and production wells which is at a temperature sufficiently low to freeze the water in tar sands. The fluid may contain propping agents to hold the fracture surfaces apart. This procedure will rigidify the hydrocarbon portion of the tar sand formation in the vicinity of the fracture zone as well as freeze the water in the tar sand formation. Once the fracture is established a solvent for the hydrocarbon in the tar sands may be circulated preferably at a temperature below the freezing point of the water in the tar sands to extract the bitumen therefrom.
摘要翻译： 连接注入井和生产井的能力可渗透的通信区域可以在焦油砂中完成，连通区将是刚性的并且不会倾向于坍落或愈合，这可以通过在这样的压力下在注入井中注入流体来开发，以便将焦油砂 在注入井和生产井之间形成并在注入井和生产井之间循环流体，其温度足够低以冻结焦油砂中的水。 流体可以含有支撑剂以将裂缝表面分开。 该方法将硬化裂缝区附近焦油砂层的烃部分，并使焦油砂层中的水冻结。 一旦断裂成立，焦油砂中的烃的溶剂可以优选在低于焦油砂中的水的凝固点的温度下循环，以从其中提取沥青。
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公开(公告)号：US4261167A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-14
申请号：US33587
申请日：1979-04-27
CPC分类号： F02C3/28 , F02C6/18 , Y02E20/18 , Y02T50/671
摘要： A process for the efficient production of power from non-gaseous carbonaceous fuels, such as coal, or heavy fuel oil, in a steam power plant in which the carbonaceous fuel is first gasified at relatively high pressure and temperature by partial oxidation with oxygen to produce a fuel gas, the fuel gas from the partial oxidation reaction is expanded to a lower pressure in a turbine. Undesirable compounds, e.g., sulfur compounds, are removed from the fuel gas, and the fuel gas supplied to a steam boiler for the production of power.The process of this invention provides an effective means for conversion of gas-fired steam generation facilities to coal or heavy fuel oil while at the same time increasing the power generating capacity of the installation, all with minimal atmospheric pollution. The process is effective for the conversion of other types of gas-fired heaters and boilers to coal or heavy fuel oil.
摘要翻译： 一种在蒸汽动力装置中有效生产来自非气态碳质燃料（例如煤或重质燃料油）的方法，其中碳质燃料首先在较高压力和温度下通过部分氧化氧气气化生产 燃料气体，来自部分氧化反应的燃料气体在涡轮机中膨胀到较低的压力。 从燃料气体中除去不期望的化合物，例如硫化合物，并且将燃料气体供应到蒸汽锅炉以产生动力。 本发明的方法提供了将燃气蒸汽发生设备转换为煤或重质燃料油的有效手段，同时增加了装置的发电能力，全部具有最小的大气污染。 该过程对于将其他类型的燃气加热器和锅炉转化为煤或重质燃料油是有效的。
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公开(公告)号：US4184322A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-22
申请号：US855642
申请日：1977-11-29
申请人： Peter L. Paull , Rodney McGann
发明人： Peter L. Paull , Rodney McGann
CPC分类号： C01B3/36 , F01K23/068 , F02C1/05 , F02C6/00 , F25J3/04018 , F25J3/04036 , F25J3/04109 , F25J3/04115 , F25J3/04121 , F25J3/04539 , F25J3/04563 , Y02E20/18
摘要： Sensible heat in the hot effluent gas stream leaving a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of gaseous mixtures comprising H.sub.2 +CO i.e. synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas, is used at maximum temperature to heat a stream of gaseous heat transfer fluid comprising a portion of the product gas circulating in the substantially closed loop. The heat transfer fluid serves as the working fluid in a turbine that produces mechanical work, electrical energy, or both. Further, the heat transfer fluid leaving the turbine may be used to preheat hydrocarbonaceous feed and free-oxygen containing gas which is then introduced into the gas generator. Optionally, by-product superheated steam may be produced at high temperature levels for use in the gas generator and as the working fluid in an expansion turbine. The high steam superheat temperatures result in higher conversion efficiencies. A shell and tube heat exchanger in which cleaned and optionally purified generator gas is continuously bled from inside the tubes to the outside, or the reverse is employed. By this means a continuously flowing protective sheath or curtain of the comparatively cooler bleedstream is placed between the surfaces of the tubes and headers, if any, in the heat exchanger and the surrounding hot effluent gas stream from the gas generator which enters the heat exchanger at maximum temperature. The surfaces of the tubes and headers, if any, are thereby protected against corrosive gas attack and deposits of ash, slag, and soot. The bleedstream mixes with the effluent gas stream passing through the heat exchanger and a portion of this mixture is recycled as make-up.
摘要翻译： 在最高温度下使用离开部分氧化气体发生器的用于生产包含H 2 + CO（即合成气，还原气体或燃料气体）的气体混合物的热流出气体中的显热，以加热气态传热流体流，包括 一部分产物气体在基本闭合的环路中循环。 传热流体用作产生机械作业，电能或两者的涡轮机中的工作流体。 此外，离开涡轮机的传热流体可用于预热含烃进料和含游离氧的气体，然后将其引入气体发生器。 任选地，副产物过热蒸汽可以在高温水平下生产，用于气体发生器中，并可用作膨胀涡轮机中的工作流体。 高蒸汽过热温度导致更高的转换效率。 一种壳管式热交换器，其中清洁和任选地净化的发生器气体从管内部连续排出到外部，或者相反。 通过这种方式，相对较冷的排出流的连续流动的保护性护套或帘布被放置在热交换器中的管和集管的表面（如果有的话）和来自气体发生器的周围的热流出物气流 最高温度。 因此，管和集管的表面（如果有的话）被防止腐蚀性气体侵蚀和灰，渣和烟灰的沉积。 流出的流体与通过热交换器的流出气流混合，并且该混合物的一部分被再循环为化妆品。
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公开(公告)号：US4178758A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-18
申请号：US956135
申请日：1978-10-30
申请人： Peter L. Paull , Rodney McGann
发明人： Peter L. Paull , Rodney McGann
CPC分类号： F01K23/067 , C01B3/36 , C10J3/485 , F01K3/185 , C10J2300/1807 , Y02E20/18
摘要： Sensible heat in the hot effluent gas stream leaving a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of raw synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is used at its maximum temperature to produce a continuous stream of superheated steam at a pressure which may exceed the pressure in the gas generator. The by-product superheated steam may be used as a dispersant or carrier of the fuel feed to the generator or as a temperature moderator. Optionally, a portion of the by-product superheated steam may be used as the working fluid in a turbine to produce mechanical work or electrical energy or both. The high steam superheat temperature results in a higher conversion efficiency. A shell and tube heat exchanger in which a stream of steam or cleaned generator gas is continuously bled from inside the tubes to the outside, or the reverse is employed. The bleed stream mixes with the effluent gas stream passing through the heat exchanger. By this means a continuously flowing protective sheath or curtain of comparatively cooler bleedstream is placed between the surfaces of the tubes and headers, if any, in the heat exchanger and the surrounding hot effluent gas stream from the gas generator, which enters the heat exchanger at maximum temperature. The surfaces of the tubes and headers, if any, are thereby protected against corrosive gas attack and deposits of ash, slag, and soot.
摘要翻译： 在其最高温度下使用离开用于生产原始合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的热流出气体中的显热，以产生可能超过压力的压力的连续的过热蒸汽流 在气体发生器。 副产物过热蒸汽可以用作向发生器或作为温度调节剂的燃料进料的分散剂或载体。 任选地，副产物过热蒸汽的一部分可以用作涡轮机中的工作流体，以产生机械作业或电能或两者。 高蒸汽过热温度导致更高的转化效率。 一种管壳式热交换器，其中蒸汽流或清洁的发电机气体从管内部连续排出到外部，或者相反。 出气流与通过热交换器的流出气流混合。 通过这种方式，在热交换器中的管和集管（如果有的话）的表面和来自气体发生器的周围的热流出物气流之间放置了比较冷的排出流的连续流动的保护鞘或帘幕， 最高温度。 因此，管和集管的表面（如果有的话）被防止腐蚀性气体侵蚀和灰，渣和烟灰的沉积。
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公开(公告)号：US4110628A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-29
申请号：US733838
申请日：1976-10-19
申请人： Peter L. Paull , Henry W. Archer
发明人： Peter L. Paull , Henry W. Archer
摘要： Described is an ocean thermal energy conversion system wherein floating, submerged and fixed drilling platforms installed offshore primarily for exploration and/or production of hydrocarbons serve also as working and supportive bases for means for producing electricity by the adiabatic expansion of hydrocarbon gases which are thereby cooled. The cooled gases are then heated by contact with the solar heated surface layers of water and thermally expand thereby actuating a turbine and an electricity producing generator. Pipelines usually installed for the transmission of gases and crude oil to the shore are used dually by running electric cables with them to bring the electricity produced by the system to on-shore consuming or storage facilities. The system also includes means for increasing the surface water temperature such as insulated pipes bringing heat-containing effluent streams from on-shore treating plants.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种海洋热能转换系统，其中主要用于勘探和/或生产碳氢化合物的主要用于海上的浮动，淹没和固定的钻井平台也用作用于通过烃气体的绝热膨胀产生电力的工作和支持基础， 。 然后通过与太阳能加热的表面层接触来加热冷却的气体并且热膨胀，从而致动涡轮机和发电机。 通常安装用于向岸边输送气体和原油的管道，通过与它们一起运行电缆，将系统产生的电力带到岸上消费或储存设施。 该系统还包括用于增加地表水温度的装置，例如绝热管道，其使来自岸上处理厂的含有热量的流出物流。
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公开(公告)号：US4099382A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-11
申请号：US698439
申请日：1976-06-21
申请人： Peter L. Paull , Rodney McGann
发明人： Peter L. Paull , Rodney McGann
CPC分类号： C10J3/86 , C10J3/485 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10J3/845 , F01K3/185 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0966 , C10J2300/0979 , C10J2300/1675 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1846 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892
摘要： Sensible heat in the hot effluent gas stream leaving a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of raw synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is used at its maximum temperature to produce a continuous stream of superheated steam at a pressure which may exceed the pressure in the gas generator. The by-product superheated steam may be used as a dispersant or carrier of the fuel feed to the generator or as a temperature moderator. Optionally, a portion of the by-product superheated steam may be used as the working fluid in a turbine to produce mechanical work or electrical energy or both. The high steam superheat temperature results in a higher conversion efficiency.
摘要翻译： 在其最高温度下使用离开用于生产原始合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的热流出气体中的显热，以产生可能超过压力的压力的连续的过热蒸汽流 在气体发生器。 副产物过热蒸汽可以用作向发生器或作为温度调节剂的燃料进料的分散剂或载体。 任选地，副产物过热蒸汽的一部分可以用作涡轮机中的工作流体，以产生机械作业或电能或两者。 高蒸汽过热温度导致更高的转化效率。
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8.发明授权Combined process for upgrading spent alkylation acid and reducing noxious gas content of waste gaseous streams 失效用于提高废烷基化酸和降低废气流的有害气体含量的组合方法
公开(公告)号：US4014982A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-29
申请号：US591745
申请日：1975-06-30
CPC分类号： C01B17/78 , C01B17/0486 , C01B17/34
摘要： The effluent streams from utility stack gases containing nitric oxides and sulfur dioxide are sequentially oxidized, absorbed with effluent spent alkylation acid, the unabsorbed remaining gases contacted with carbon monoxide from alkylation units in refinery cracking and other industrial plants to form sulfur, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, the carbon dioxide and nitrogen being vented, the sulfur oxidized to sulfur trioxide and contacting aqueous sulfuric acid therewith to effect concentration of said acid and suitability for recycle to an alkylation unit; the absorbate containing spent alkylation acid sequentially treated with a burning, oxidation, aqueous dilution and carbon monoxide treatment steps to form sulfuric acid for recycle to an alkylation unit and venting formed carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
摘要翻译： 来自含有一氧化二氮和二氧化硫的有用堆叠气体的流出物流被依次氧化，用废烷基化酸吸收，未吸收的剩余气体与炼油厂裂解中的烷基化单元和其他工业装置中的一氧化碳接触，形成硫，二氧化碳和氮 ，二氧化碳和氮气被排出，硫被氧化成三氧化硫，并与其接触硫酸水溶液以使所述酸的浓度和适用性再循环到烷基化单元中; 含有废烷基化酸的吸收剂，其用燃烧，氧化，水稀释和一氧化碳处理步骤依次处理，以形成用于循环至烷基化单元的硫酸并排出形成的二氧化碳和氮气。
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公开(公告)号：US3985639A
公开(公告)日：1976-10-12
申请号：US489878
申请日：1974-07-19
申请人： Robert M. Suggitt , Peter L. Paull
发明人： Robert M. Suggitt , Peter L. Paull
摘要： This invention relates to a process for catalytically cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks containing a contaminant deleterious to the process and catalyst and to a method for removing the contaminant from a crystalline aluminosilicate cracking catalyst used in the process, where the contaminant is vanadium, or vanadium and nickel, and optionally iron.
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公开(公告)号：US4277365A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-07
申请号：US104325
申请日：1979-12-17
申请人： Peter L. Paull , Edward T. Child
发明人： Peter L. Paull , Edward T. Child
CPC分类号： C10J3/00 , C01B3/34 , C10J3/506 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0996
摘要： A reducing gas having a high H.sub.2 +CO content and a low H.sub.2 O+CO.sub.2 content is prepared by gasifying a feed mixture comprising low grade hydrocarbon oil and a high ash solid fuel and a fluxing agent.
摘要翻译： 通过气化包含低级烃油和高灰分固体燃料和助熔剂的进料混合物来制备具有高H 2 + CO含量和低H 2 O + CO 2含量的还原气体。
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